HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemistry Print Report · For research reference only
Bronopol
2-BROMO-2-NITROPROPANE-1,3-DIOL · 2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL · Bronopol 1g [52-51-7] · Broponol · 2-BroMo-2-nitropropane-1 · 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanedio · 2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol · 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol
Identifiers & Physical Properties
| CAS No. | 52-51-7 |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C3H6BrNO4 |
| Average molar mass | 199.99 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic mass | 198.94801977 g/mol |
| SMILES | O=[N+]([O-])C(Br)(CO)CO |
| InChIKey | LVDKZNITIUWNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 2450 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1408862 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:31306 |
| EC No. | 200-143-0 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID8024652 |
Chemical & Physical Properties
| XLogP | -0.6 |
|---|---|
| Topological polar surface area | 86.3 |
| Hydrogen bond donors | 2 |
| Hydrogen bond acceptors | 4 |
| Rotatable bonds | 2 |
| Heavy atoms | 9 |
| Formal charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 107 |
| Chemical classes | Other Uses -> Biocides/Disinfectants |
| Drugs | Pharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15 |
| Cosmetics | Cosmetic ingredients (2-Bromo-2-Nitropropane-1,3-Diol) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)Preservative |
| Pesticides | Bactericides, FungicidesActive substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | 0.18 |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | Relative density (water = 1): 1.92.0002 (rough estimate) |
| Color/Form | White crystalline powderCrystals from ethyl acetate-chloroform |
| Solubility | greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 63 °F (NTP, 1992)25-25g/100mL at 22°CIn water, 2.5X10+5 mg/L at 22 °CSoluble in alcohol, ethyl acetate. Slightly soluble in chloroform, acetone, ether, benzene. Insoluble in ligroin.Solubility in water, g/100ml at 23 °C: 28 (freely soluble)H2O: soluble100mg/mL, clear, colorless to faintly yellow25 g/100 mL (22 ºC) |
| Flash point | 167 °C167°C |
| Animal Drugs | Pharmaceuticals -> UK Veterinary Medicines Directorate List |
| Boiling point | 305.1 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)358.0±42.0 °C(Predicted) |
| Melting point | 130-133 °C(lit.) |
| Refractive index | 1.6200 (estimate) |
| Storage conditions | Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature |
| pKa (acidity coefficient) | 12.02±0.10(Predicted) |
| Physical state | Crystals or Crystalline Powder |
| Color | White to yellow |
| Merck | 14,1447 |
| BRN | 1705868 |
| Henry's law constant | 7.6×105 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, HSDB (2015) |
| Stability | Stable. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong reducing agents, acid chlorides and anhydrides, moisture. |
| Major applications | agriculturecleaning productscosmeticsenvironmentalfood and beveragespersonal care |
| Cosmetics Ingredients Functions | PRESERVATIVE |
| Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) | Bronopol (52-51-7) |
| InChI | 1S/C3H6BrNO4/c4-3(1-6,2-7)5(8)9/h6-7H,1-2H2 |
| InChIKey | LVDKZNITIUWNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | OCC(Br)(CO)[N+]([O-])=O |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | 1.150 (est) |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 52-51-7(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances | 2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL |
| FDA 21 CFR | 175.105176.170176.300 |
| FDA UNII | 6PU1E16C9W |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Bronopol(52-51-7) |
| Pesticides Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) | Bronopol |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Bronopol (52-51-7) |
| UNSPSC Code | 41116107 |
| NACRES | NA.24 |
| GHS pictogram | GHS05,GHS07,GHS09 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS hazard statements | H302+H312-H315-H318-H335-H410 |
| GHS precautionary statements | P261-P273-P280-P301+P312-P302+P352+P312-P305+P351+P338 |
| Target organs | Respiratory system |
| Personal protective equipment (PPE) | dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Faceshields, Gloves |
| Hazard symbols | Xn,N |
| Risk statements (R) | 21/22-37/38-41-50 |
| Safety statements (S) | 26-37/39-61-36/37/39 |
| UN transport number | UN 3241 |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 2 |
| RTECS number | TY3385000 |
| F | 4.2-8-9-21 |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| Hazard class | 4.1Acute Tox. 4 DermalAcute Tox. 4 OralAquatic Acute 1Aquatic Chronic 1Eye Dam. 1Skin Irrit. 2STOT SE 3 |
| Packing group | III |
| Customs code | 29055999 |
| Storage class | 4.1B - Flammable solid hazardous materials |
| Hazardous substances data | 52-51-7(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 in mice, rats (mg/kg): 350, 400 orally (Croshaw) |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| Limited quantities | 5.0 Kg (11 lbs) (solid) |
| Excepted quantities | Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (1Kg or 1L) |
Safety & Regulations
| GHS classification | DangerH302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 2149) of reports.H301 (14.4%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral] |
|---|---|
| Regulatory information | Chemical: 1,3-Propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-Propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 1,3-Propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)2002/2076Status: Active Update: 01-12-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/11419Bronopol: HSNO Approval: HSR003563 Approved with controls |
| Other safety information | IMAP assessments - 1,3-Propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-: Human health tier II assessment |
| DOT label | Flammable Solid |
| Fire hazards | Excerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]:· Flammable/combustible material.Flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in air. |
| Fire potential | Combustible. |
| Health hazards | Excerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]:· Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. |
| Hazards summary | Bronopol is a skin sensitizer. Cosmetic preparations contain concentrations of 0.01% to 0.02%. Significant irritant effects are seen when the concentration reaches 1% or greater. [Marks, p. 136-7] Skin sensitization reported in dairy workers and a veterinarian using a gel for ultrasound examinations[Kanerva, p. 1762] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritantA skin sensitizer[ICSC] |
| DOT ID and guide | 3241 133 |
| FDA requirements | 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives. Limit: For use only as an antibacterial preservative. |
| Reactive group | Alcohols and Polyols |
| EC classification | Symbol: Xn, NR: 21/22-37/38-41-50S: (2)-26-37/39-61 |
| UN classification | UN Hazard Class: 4.1UN Pack Group: III |
| Fire fighting | Excerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]:Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. |
| First aid measures | Fresh air, rest.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention . |
| Accidental release measures | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. |
| First aid | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.General First Aid: |
| Safe storage | Fireproof. Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Dry. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. |
| Exposure control and personal protection | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). |
| Fire fighting procedures | Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.Use water spray to cool unopened containers.Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Powder, alcohol-resistant foam, water spray, carbon dioxide. |
| Storage conditions | Keep container tightly closed in a dry well-ventilated place.Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. Dry. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. |
| Cleanup methods | Sweep up and shovel. Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations ... Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal. Contain spillage, pick up with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and transfer to a container for disposal according to local regulations ... .Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust.Sweep spilled substance into containersif appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place. (Extra personal protection: P2 filter respirator for harmful particles). |
| Nonfire spill response | Excerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]: |
| Disposal methods | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic, and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product. |
| Spillage disposal | Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
| Treatment | EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration. |
| Health effects | Bronopol may react to produce nitrosamines, which are believed to be carcinogenic. It also releases formaldehyde, a known human carcinogen. (L962, A2881) |
| Ecotoxicity values | LD50Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck) oral 509.5 mg/kg /99.4% a.i./ /from table/LC50Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck) oral >10,000 ppm /in the diet/ for 8 days /100% a.i./ /from table/Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern bobwhite) oral 4487.6 ppm /in the diet/ /8 days /100% a.i./ /from table/Species: Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout)Conditions: flow throughConcentration: 41.6 ppm for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 36-45 ppm) /100% a.i./ /from table/For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for BRONOPOL (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Environmental fate | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that bronopol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of bronopol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 1.26X10-5 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 2.5X10+5 mg/L(4). Bronopol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). A 0% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(5) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that bronopol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.26X10-5 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 2.5X10+5 mg/L(5). Bronopol is stable to hydrolysis under normal environmental conditions. At 20 °C, the hydrolysis half-life was extrapolated to be about 18 years at pH 4, about 1.5 years at pH 6, and approximately 2 months at pH 8(6). Bronopol rapidly photodegrades at pH 4 exhibiting a photolysis half-life of 24 hours in water(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 1(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -0.64(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Bronopol was not biodegraded using a mixed culture sewage sludge test(8)therefore, biodegradation is not expected to be an important fate process in the aquatic environment(SRC).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), bronopol, which has a vapor pressure of 1.26X10-5 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase bronopol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 11 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.3X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). Particulate-phase bronopol may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Bronopol rapidly photodegrades at pH 4 exhibiting a photolysis half-life of 24 hours in waterunder natural sunlight, a photolysis half-life of 2 days is expected(3). Therefore, bronopol may be susceptible to direct photolysis(SRC). |
| Adverse effects | Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin. |
| Exposure routes | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.Oral (A2881)inhalation (A2881)dermal (A2881) |
| Toxicity summary | The evidence at hand indicates 2-Bromo-2-Nitropropane-1,3-Diol to be safe as a cosmetic ingredient at concentrations up to and including 0.1 percent except under circumstances where its action with amines or amides can result in the formation of nitrosamines or nitrosamides.Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualificationsWhile Bronopol is not in itself a nitrosating agent, under conditions where it decomposes (alkaline solution and/or elevated temperatures) it can liberate nitrite and low levels of formaldehyde. These decomposition products can react with any secondary amines or amides (which may contaminate cosmetic products) to produce significant levels of nitrosamines, which are believed to be carcinogenic. Once in the body, nitrosamines are activated by cytochrome P-450 enzymes. They are then believed to induce their carcinogenic effects by forming DNA adducts at the N- and O-atoms. Formaldehyde itself is also carcinogenic. It is likely that formaldehyde toxicity occurs when intracellular levels saturate formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity, allowing the unmetabolized intact molecule to exert its effects. Formaldehyde is known to form cross links between protein and DNA and undergo metabolic incorporation into macromolecules (DNA, RNA, and proteins). (L962, L643, L1889, A2878, A2879, A2880, A2881, L1893) |
| Signs and Symptoms | Cough. Sore throat.Redness.Redness. Stinging sensation. Pain. Burns.Sore throat. Tingling sensation. |
| Ongoing Test Status | EPA has released the first beta version (version 0.5) of the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The beta version of the iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assaysSee the data in Chemical Explorer/[USEPAICSS Dashboard ApplicationAvailable from, as of March 28, 2014: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from, as of February 24, 2014: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=52-51-7] |
| ICSC Environmental Data | The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. |
| Soil Adsorption/Mobility | Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of bronopol can be estimated to be 1(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that bronopol is expected to have very high mobility in soil. |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | /HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A total of 8149 patients were patch tested with the preservative Bronopol in 7 European contact clinics. The majority of patients were investigated in London. Reactivity was low, with a total of 10 irritant (0.12%) and 38 allergic reactions (0.47%). In only 17 cases (0.21%) was the patch test reaction to Bronopol considered to be of current or past clinical relevance. ...Based on these figures, the present sensitization rate to Bronopol in Europe seems to be quite low, which may be related to its less frequent use as a preservative in cosmetics and medicaments in comparison to parabens or isothiazolinones./CASE REPORTS/ Six cases of contact allergy to bronopol are described (5 females, 1 malemean age, 60.8 years). Four patients suffered from stasis dermatitis of the lower leg. The cause of sensitization has been traced to bronopol-containing ointments in 5 of 6 cases. For patch testing 0.25% bronopol in petrolatum is recommended. One-third of the patients were also sensitized to formaldehyde, which is a degradation product of bronopol./CASE REPORTS/ Two cases of allergic dermatitis caused by occupational exposure to cosmetic creams were summarized. Two males, 25 and 54 years old, who were employed as perfume and cosmetic component formulators at a Polish cosmetics factory were evaluated for hand and arm dermatitis. The patients reported that their dermatitis tended to clear during short absences from work and on holidays. The 25 year old patient reported that a soap that he used during a holiday exacerbated his symptoms. The patients were patch tested with the Polish standard allergen series, a preservative series, workplace allergens, and Bronopol, a commercial preparation containing bromonitropropanediol. ... Both patients reported that their jobs involved weighing 36 grams to 0.1 kilogram Bronopol daily. Their dermatitis developed a few weeks after Bronopol from a new supplier was introduced. The patients changed to jobs that did not involve contact with cosmetic components. Their dermatoses cleared and had not recurred when examined 6 and 9 months later./CASE REPORTS/ A case of allergic contact dermatitis in a veterinary surgeon was described. A 35 year old male veterinary surgeon developed a painful erythematous swelling on his left arm extending from the fingers to the mid upper arm. He stated that he had abraded his arm at work 2 weeks previously. Because he was employed as an equine gynecologist the cause of the inflammation was thought to be cellulitis. He was treated with oral penicillin and flucloxacillin and his arm was elevated in a sling. With his left arm immobilized he had to use his right arm at work. He returned 4 days later with the erythematous swelling now present on the right arm. The swelling on both arms was treated as contact dermatitis with corticosteroids and emollients. Further inquiry about his occupation revealed that he practiced as a specialist stud farm veterinarian and he spent much of his time performing ultrasonic examinations through the rectum of thoroughbred mares to assess the state of the ovaries and pregnancy. This required a full arm rectal examination. Shortly before his left arm became swollen, he had started using a new lubricant jelly, Vet-Lubrigel. He was advised to use an alternative lubricant. His arms improved rapidly after he switched to the new lubricant. Subsequent patch testing showed that he was allergic to both Vet-Lubrigel and its preservative Bronopol./ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ Formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers are widely used preservatives and represent an important group of skin sensitizers. Formaldehyde is very often suspected to be the sensitizing agent of formaldehyde-releasershowever, many reported clinical cases of contact allergy to these molecules such as bronopol (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol) indicate negative skin reactions to formaldehyde suggesting a more complex mechanism. The aim of this study was to compare the chemical reactivity and biological activity of formaldehyde with those of two formaldehyde releasers: 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol and 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin. A key step in the sensitization to chemicals is the formation of the hapten-protein antigenic complex via covalent binding between the chemical sensitizer and amino acids in proteins. The chemical reactivity of the three compounds was thus addressed using (13)C NMR analysis of adduct formation upon incubation with a set of nucleophilic amino acids. The biological activity was measured in two in vitro models based on dendritic cells and a monocytic cell line (CD34-DC and THP-1 model) through monitoring of a panel of biomarkers. The results obtained show that 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol produces low amount of free formaldehyde in physiological buffers but that its degradation generates various molecules including 2-bromoethanol. In addition, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol also generates adducts with amino acids, not observed with formaldehyde alone, that could be explained by the reactivity of 2-bromoethanol. In parallel, in a cellular approach using the human monocytic THP-1 cell line, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol activates THP-1 cells at concentrations that are not correlated to simple formaldehyde release. This observation is confirmed in the more physiological model CD34-DC. Moreover, in the THP-1 model, the expression profiles of several biomarkers are specific to 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol. Finally, the use in the cellular model of the pure degradation products identified by NMR reveals the reactivity of bromonitromethane. In contrast, 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin presents chemical and biological reactivities similar to those of formaldehyde. Taken together, these data suggest that 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is an atypical formaldehyde releaser, releasing low amounts of formaldehyde at physiological conditions but producing multiple degradation products among which 2-bromoethanol and bromonitromethane are potential candidates for explaining the specific allergic reactions to 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol. |
| FIFRA requirements | Residues of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: In-can preservative. Limit: 0.04% or less by weight of the total pesticide formulation.Residues of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals. Use: In-can preservative. Limit: 0.04% or less by weight of the total pesticide formulation.Based on the reviews of the generic data for the active ingredient bronopol, the Agency has sufficient information on the health effects of bronopol and on its potential for causing adverse effects in fish, wildlife and the environment. The Agency has determined that bronopol products, labeled and used as specified in this Reregistration Eligibility Decision document, will not pose unreasonable risks to humans or the environment as long as label restrictions prescribed in this RED are followed. Therefore, the Agency concludes that products containing bronopol for all currently registered uses are eligible for reregistration.As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. Bronopol is found on List B. Case No: 2770Pesticide type: herbicide, antimicrobialCase Status: RED Approved 09/1995OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.Active ingredient (AI): 2-bronopolData Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 06/14/1991, 08/18/1995AI Status: OPP has completed a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) for the case/AI. |
| F | 4.2-8-9-21 |
| Personal protective equipment (PPE) | dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Faceshields, Gloves |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 2 |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| RTECS number | TY3385000 |
| UN transport number | UN 3241 |
| Customs code | 29055999 |
| Toxicity | LD50 in mice, rats (mg/kg): 350, 400 orally (Croshaw) |
| Risk statements (R) | 21/22-37/38-41-50 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS pictogram | GHS05,GHS07,GHS09 |
| Hazard symbols | Xn,N |
| Safety statements (S) | 26-37/39-61-36/37/39 |
| Hazard class | 4.1Acute Tox. 4 DermalAcute Tox. 4 OralAquatic Acute 1Aquatic Chronic 1Eye Dam. 1Skin Irrit. 2STOT SE 3 |
| Storage class | 4.1B - Flammable solid hazardous materials |
| Packing group | III |
| Target organs | Respiratory system |
| GHS hazard statements | H302+H312-H315-H318-H335-H410 |
| Limited quantities | 5.0 Kg (11 lbs) (solid) |
| Excepted quantities | Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (1Kg or 1L) |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| GHS precautionary statements | P261-P273-P280-P301+P312-P302+P352+P312-P305+P351+P338 |
| Hazardous substances data | 52-51-7(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Applications & Uses
Description
Bronopol, a formaldehyde releaser, was reported as an allergen in dairy workers. In a recent case report, bronopol was contained in a lubricant jelly used for ultrasound examination and caused contact dermatitis in a veterinary surgeon.
Uses
First synthesized in 1897, bronopol was primarily used as an effective preservative agent and possesses a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity and inhibits the growth of fungi and yeasts. It can be used in the formulation of a wide variety of cosmetic and personal care products, especially in leave-on and rinse-off shampoos, creams, lotions, rinses and eye makeup to protect the product integrity by preventing or slowing bacterial growth.Bronopol is used as a microbiocide/microbiostat in oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning/humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer/institutional products. A formulating technical material is also registered.https://www.ulprospector.comhttps://www3.epa.gov
Uses
Bronopol has been used as reference standard in ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (UPLC-ICP-MS) method for determination of bromine containing preservatives from cosmetic products.
General Description
White crystals. Ignite easily and burn readily. May detonate under strong shock. Decomposes when heated, evolving toxic gases. Toxic by skin absorption, inhalation or ingestion.