| GHS classification | DangerH272: May intensify fireoxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquidsOxidizing solids]P210, P220, P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H271 (12%): May cause fire or explosionstrong Oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquidsP210, P220, P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P283, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P306+P360, P316, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P391, P405, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
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| Regulatory information | Chemical: Hypochlorous acid, calcium saltHypochlorous acid, calcium salt (2:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Hypochlorous acid, calcium salt (2:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: No longer Valid Update: 15-08-2013 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/1611Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated, with not less than 5.5% but not more than 16% water: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standardThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
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| Other safety information | IMAP assessments - Hypochlorous acid, calcium salt: Human health tier II assessment |
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| DOT label | Oxidizer |
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| Fire hazards | Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:CAUTION: Ammonium nitrate products may explode if involved in fire or contaminated with hydrocarbons (fuels), organic matter, other contaminants or when hot molten and contained. Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112). |
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| Fire potential | Contact with combustible materials will increase fire hazard. May undergo accelerated decomposition with release of heat above 350 °F (177 °C). /Calcium hypochlorite, dry, or calcium hypochlorite, mixtures, dry/Contact of solid hypochlorite with glycerol, digol monomethyl ether, or phenol causes ignition within few minutes, accompanied by irritant smoke, particularly with phenol (formation of chlorophenols).Contents of a drum /of calcium hypochlorite/ erupted & ignited during intermittent use. This was attributed to contamination of soldered metal scoop (normally kept in the drum) by oil, grease or water, or all three, & subsequent exothermic reaction with the ... /hypochlorite/.... The hypochlorite constitutes a hazard in the absence of other combustible materials, because after initiation, local rapid thermal decomp will spread through the contained mass of hypochlorite as a vigorous fire which evolves, rather than consumes, oxygen.May cause fire in contact with wood or straw.Not flammable /SRP: Acts as oxidizer with combustible material./ |
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| Health hazards | Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:· Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. |
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| Hazards summary | An oxidizer that promotes combustionDecomposes in the presence of heat, water, or contamination with release of corrosive chlorine gasCalcium hypochlorite solutions are corrosive to the skin, eyes, and upper respiratory tract[CHEMINFO] See Hypochlorous acid. |
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| DOT ID and guide | 2208 1402880 1401748 140 |
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| Reactive group | Bases, StrongSalts, Basic |
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| EC classification | Symbol: O, C, NR: 8-22-31-34-50S: (1/2)-26-36/37/39-45-61 |
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| UN classification | UN Hazard Class: 5.1UN Pack Group: II |
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| Special Reports | Canelli EChemical, bacteriological and toxicological properties of cyanuric acid and chlorinated isocyanurates as applied to swimming pool disinfection: a reviewAm J Public Health 64: 155-62 (1974). Review of bacteriological and toxicological properties of swimming pool disinfectants.USEPA/Office of Pesticide ProgramsReregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Sodium and Calcium Hypochlorite Salts (February 1992). The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the U.S.[Available from, as of August 29, 2013: http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/old_reds/case0029.pdf] |
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| Fire fighting | Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:NO powder. Use water in large amounts. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. |
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| First aid measures | Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention . |
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| Accidental release measures | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. |
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| First aid | Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:General First Aid: |
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| Safe storage | Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Separated from food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. |
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| Firefighting Hazards | Since a calcium hypochlorite fire will generate its own oxygen, attempts to smother it will not be effective, and it must be quenched with water. |
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| Exposure control and personal protection | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). |
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| Fire fighting procedures | If material involved in fire: Extinguish using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. /Chlorinated lime, liquid/Personnel protection: ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Chlorinated lime, liquid/Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products. Use flooding quantities of water as fog or spray. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance. Do not use dry chemical fire extinguishers containing ammonium compounds. /Calcium hypochlorite, dry, or calcium hypochlorite, mixtures, dry/ |
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| Storage conditions | Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location at a temperature below 120 °F (50 °C) to avoid slow decomposition. Separate from oxidizing materils, acids, ammonia, amines, and other chlorinating agents. Immediately remove and properly dispose of any spilled material. /Calcium hypochlorite, dry or calcium hypochlorite, mixtures, dry/The bulk material may ignite or explode in storage. Traces of water may initiate the reaction.Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Separated from food and feedstuffs. |
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| Cleanup methods | Personal protection: chemical protection suit, face shield and filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered air-tight, dry containers. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
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| Nonfire spill response | Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: |
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| Disposal methods | Dissolve the material in water and add to a large vol of concn reducing agent soln, then acidify the mixture with H2SO4. When reduction is complete, soda ash is added to make the soln alkaline. The alkaline liquid is decanted from any sludge produced, neutralized, and diluted before discharge to a sewer or stream. The sludge is landfilled. |
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| Ecotoxicity values | LC50Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern bobwhite quail) age 9 daysdiet >5620 ppm for 8 daysSpecies: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck) age 10 daysLD50Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck) age 25 weeksoral via capsule >105 mg/kgSpecies: Colinus virginianus (Northern bobwhite quail) age 27 weeksoral via capsule 1502 mg/kg (95% confidence interval: 1097-2561 mg/kg)For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE (64 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Adverse effects | Dermatotoxin - Skin burns. |
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| Exposure routes | The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion and by inhalation. |
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| Ecotoxicity excerpts | /AQUATIC SPECIES/ The aquatic effect of calcium hypochlorite in the environment, where pH value is supposed to range from 6 to 8, is common to other hypochlorite-generating chemicals like chlorine gas or sodium hypochlorite. The biologically significant chemical species are hypochloric acid or hypochlorite ion. /Hypochlorite/ |
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| Signs and Symptoms | Burning sensation. Sore throat. Wheezing. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath.Redness. Pain. Serious skin burns. Blisters.Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe deep burns.Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse. |
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| Acute Toxicity Link | Chemical: CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE |
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| ICSC Environmental Data | The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. |
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| Medical Surveillance | ...Recommended: lung function tests. ...consider chest x-ray following acute overexposure. |
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| Human Toxicity Excerpts | /SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology: 1. Pain & inflammation of mouth, pharynx, esophagus, & stomach. Erosion of mucous membranes, chiefly of stomach. 2. Vomiting ... hemorrhage ... 3. Circulatory collapse, with cold & clammy skin, cyanosis, & shallow respirations. 4. Confusion, delirium, coma. 5. Edema of pharynx, glottis & larynx, with stridor & obstruction. 6. Perforation of esophagus or stomach, with mediastinitis or peritonitis. 7. Inhalation of hypochlorous acid fumes causes severe resp tract irritation & pulmonary edema. 8. Skin contact may cause vesicular eruptions and eczematoid dermatitis. Hypochlorite//SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ When excess of calcium hydroxide is present, chlorinated lime is strongly alkaline & capable of causing lime burn of the eye. /Chlorinated lime//SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Inhalation of /chlorinated lime/ fumes may cause laryngeal & pulmonary irritation, pulmonary edema, death. /Chlorinated lime//SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation of dusts /bleaching powder/ may damage teeth, conjunctiva, & resp tract. If used as paste with excessive rubbing for more than 3 to 4 min ... sometimes causes moderate to severe ... damage to skin. /Bleaching powder/For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts | /LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Wister-derived albino rats were dosed by gavage (vehicle: water) at 890, 1000, 1120, and 1260 mg/kg bw (10 males/group). Eight/10, 5/10, 9/10, and 10/10 deaths occurred at 890, 1000, 1120, and 1260 mg/kg, respectively. Moderate depression of the central nervous system was found at 1 hour after administration. Most survivors showed a mild to moderate persistent anorexia. Most affected animals showed diarrhea for several days. The LD50 was calculated to be 790 mg/kg./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Exptl application of 5% aq soln of ... calcium hypochlorite, pH 11.5, to eyes of rabbits for thirty sec, followed by irrigation with water, caused superficial loss of epithelium from corneas & conjunctivas ... within a day corneas healed & conjunctivae were normal except for slight residual hyperemia. .../LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ /NOAEL of 160 mg/kg was observed in a repeated dose oral toxicity studies in rats after exposure for 30 days.//GENOTOXICITY/ Chromosomal aberrations were analyzed in Chinese hamster cells treated for 24 or 48 hours with three different doses of calcium hypochlorite, in the absence of metabolic activation. A positive increase in chromosomal aberrations was observed only in a culture treated with 0.5 ug/mL (6.7 mol/L = approx. 3.5 umol/L active chlorine) for 48 hours./VETERINARY CASE REPORTS/ Poisoning in animals ... as result of contamination of whey with hypochlorites used for disinfecting whey containers & from chlorinated lime (bleaching powder) used in error in limewash. Principal effect of such compounds, which yield chlorine in solution, is local irritation of the intestinal tract. |
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| Evidence for Carcinogenicity | Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of hypochlorite salts in experimental animals. No data were available from studies in humans on the carcinogenicity of hypochlorite salts. Overall evaluation: Hypochlorite salts are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). /Hypochlorite salts/ |
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| Probable Routes of Human Exposure | According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of calcium hypochlorite is 1 to 99the data may be greatly underestimated(1).NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 82,721 workers (23,4896 of these were female) were potentially exposed to calcium hypochlorite in the US(1). The NOES Survey does not include farm workers. Occupational exposure to calcium hypochlorite may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where calcium hypochlorite is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to calcium hypochlorite via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing calcium hypochlorite(SRC).Routes of entry: Inhalation of dust. Inhalation of vapor and ingestion. /Chlorinated lime/ |
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| FIFRA requirements | Residues of the following materials are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Inert Ingredient: calcium hypochloriteUse: sanitizing and bleaching agent.Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. ... (c) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Food-processing equipment and utensils. Hypchlorous acid, calciuim salt is included on this list. Limit: When ready for use, the end-use concentration of all hypochlorous acid chemicals in the solution is not to exceed 200 ppm determined as total available chlorine.Calcium hypochlorite is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used preharvest or postharvest in solution on all raw agricultural commodities. Calcium hypochlorite is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on grape when used as a fumigant postharvest by means of a chlorine generator pad.Section 4(g)(2)(A) of FIFRA calls for the Agency to determine, after submission of relevant data concerning an active ingredient, whether products containing the active ingredient are eligible for reregistration. The Agency has previously identified and required the submission of the generic (i.e., active ingredient specific) data required to support reregistration of products containing ... calcium hypochlorite as a active ingredient. The Agency has completed its review of these generic data, and has determined that the data are sufficient to support reregistration of products containing ... calcium hypochlorite.As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Calcium hypochlorite is found on List A, which contains most pesticides that are used on foods and, hence, have a high potential for human exposure. List A consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA '88. Case No: 0029Pesticide type: fungicide, antimicrobial (bactericide)Registration Standard Date: 02/01/86Case Status: RED Approved 09/91OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.Active ingredient (AI): calcium hypochloriteAI Status: OPP has completed a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document for the case/AI. |
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| CERCLA reportable quantities | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). |
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| Clean Water Act requirements | Calcium hypochlorite is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance. |
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