Antimony trichloride

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:；Note: Some foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.；SMALL FIRE: CO2 (except for Cyanides), dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.；LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.；FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.；· Keep unauthorized personnel away.；· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.；· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.；· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.；· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.；· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.；· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.；· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.；· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.；· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.；Small Spill；· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.；· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

INHALATION: move victim at once to fresh air and keep him warm, but not hot; call a physician immediately; nasal passages may be irrigated from a gently flowing hose.；INGESTION: induce vomiting by giving large quantities of warm salt water; have a physician see the patient at once.；EYES: flush with copious amounts of water for at least 15 min.; call a physician at once.；SKIN: flush with large quantities of flowing water followed by washing of skin surfaces with soap and water; remove all contaminated clothing promptly. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:；· Call 911 or emergency medical service.；· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.；· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.；· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.；· If victim is not breathing:；-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.；-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).；-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.；· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.；· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.；· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.；· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.；· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.；· Keep victim calm and warm.；· Keep victim under observation.；· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.；· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.；Specific First Aid:；· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).；· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.；· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:；ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.；SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Dissolve in minimum hydrochloric acid percent concentrated reagent. Filter if necessary. Dilute with water until white precipitates form. ... Add just enough 6 M HCl to redissolve. Saturate with hydrogen sulfide. Filter, wash the precipitate, dry, package, and ship to the supplier.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Following oral exposure to antimony, administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Following inhalation exposure, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. In case of eye exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. Following dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. (T36)

Dermal exposure to antimony can cause antimony spots (papules and pustules around sweat and sebaceous glands). Antimony poisoning can also lead to pneumoconiosis. Alterations in pulmonary function and other effects including chronic bronchitis, chronic emphysema, inactive tuberculosis, pleural adhesions, and irritation can result from inhalation of antimony. Increased blood pressure can also result from antimony poisoning. Myocardial depression, vasodilation and fluid loss may cause shock with hypotension, electrolyte disturbances and acute renal failure. Cerebral oedema, coma, convulsions, and death are possible. (L741)

LC50; Species: Macrobrachium nipponense (Oriental River Shrimp) age 17 wk adult, total length 1.2 cm; Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 24 °C, pH 7.4-8.1, hardness 38-45 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 7.0-7.7 mg/L; Concentration: 6748 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 5278-7950 ug/L) /> or =99% purity/

LC50; Species: Macrobrachium nipponense (Oriental River Shrimp) age 17 wk adult, total length 1.2 cm; Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 24 °C, pH 7.4-8.1, hardness 38-45 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 7.0-7.7 mg/L; Concentration: 10083 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 8736-11378 ug/L) /> or =99% purity/

LC50; Species: Macrobrachium nipponense (Oriental River Shrimp) age 4 wk juvenile, total length 0.42 cm; Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 24 °C, pH 7.4-8.1, hardness 38-45 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 7.0-7.7 mg/L; Concentration: 2240 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 1649-3046 ug/L) /> or =99% purity/

LC50; Species: Macrobrachium nipponense (Oriental River Shrimp) age 4 wk juvenile, total length 0.42 cm; Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 24 °C, pH 7.4-8.1, hardness 38-45 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 7.0-7.7 mg/L; Concentration: 1635 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 1271-2103 ug/L) /> or =99% purity/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Antimony trichloride (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.；Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.；Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.；IARC Carcinogen - Class 2: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as probable (2a), or possible (2b) human carcinogens.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Inhalation (L741) ;oral (L741) ; dermal (L741)

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Antimony trichloride (SbCl3) is a colorless, a yellow solid, or a semi-solid mass. Antimony trichloride is used in matches, as a catalyst or as a component of catalysts to effect polymerization of hydrocarbons and to chlorinate olefins. It is also used in hydrocracking of coal and heavy hydrocarbons, as an analytical reagent for chloral, aromatic hydrocarbons and vitamin A, and in the microscopic identification of drugs. Liquid SbCl3 is used as a nonaqueous solvent. It is used as a veterinary medication. HUMAN STUDIES: Severe burns of cornea caused by exposure to high concentration of vapor, and destruction of cornea and conjunctiva has resulted from contact with solution of antimony trichloride in hydrochloric acid. Acute respiratory exposure to antimony trichloride (76 mg/cu m) produced irritation and soreness of the upper respiratory tract in several workers. Large exposures result in severe air-passage irritation. Ingestion causes vomiting, purging with bloody stools, slow pulse, and low blood pressure, slow, shallow breathing, coma, and convulsions sometimes followed by death. Contact of dry chemical with skin may result in deep chemical burns. Apoptosis and DNA fragmentation was not found in human cells immediately following a 4-hr SbCl3 treatment, however, an increase in calcium accumulation appeared after treatment. Treatment with antimony trichloride caused autophagy in A549 cells. ANIMAL STUDIES: In rats given orally 135 mg/kg for 10 days toxic symptoms included myocardial degeneration from which two rats died during treatment. Treatment of mice ip with 40 mg/kg of antimony trioxide daily for 28 days led to liver damage. Prenatal and/or postnatal exposure to antimony trichloride interfered with vasomotor reactivity development in rats. DNA fragmentation was detected in CHO-K1 cells after a 4-hr SbCl3 treatment. In mice, chromosomal aberrations were principally breaks and damaged cells observed from bone marrow preparations.

The inhalation data suggest that the myocardium is a target of antimony toxicity. It is possible that antimony affects circulating glucose by interfering with enzymes of the glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. The mechanism of action of antimony remains unclear. However, some studies suggest that antimony combines with sulfhydryl groups including those in several enzymes important for tissue respiration. The antidotal action of BAL depends on its ability to prevent or break the union between antimony and vital enzymes. Moreover, the The cause of death is believed to be essentially the same as that in acute arsenic poisoning. (T18, L741, A238)

Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Abdominal pain.

Pain. Redness. Serious skin burns.

Pain. Redness. Severe deep burns.

Burning sensation. Abdominal cramps. Nausea. Vomiting. Shock or collapse.

Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea can result from inhalation of antimony. Dyspnea, headache, vomiting,cough, conjunctivitis, and bloody purulent discharge from nose can result from inhalation exposure. Skin or eye contact can cause pain and redness of the exposed surface. (T64, L741)

EPA has released the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays/[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of March 27, 2018: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

Antimony chloride (CAS # 10025-91-9) was evaluated for genotoxicity in Swiss mice (5-14/group, sex ratio unspecified) administered doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg, by oral gavage as 50% solution in DMSO. Control mice were untreated. Mice were sacrificed at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-treatment for splenectomy with respective 3,000,000 cell/ml aliquot tissue samples (suspensions in phosphate-buffered saline) dispensed for determination of splenic antimony content (mg/g spleen tissue), and rates of treatment-related DNA damage and repair. Nucleoid sedimentation, and replicative DNA-synthesis and repair incorporation of (3)H-thymidine into DNA after irradiation were evaluated. Upon neutron-activation analysis, levels of antimony chloride present in spleens of orally treated mice were found to reflect dose level. Analysis of irradiated cells disclosed an antimony-122 energy of 564 keV and a half-life of 2.7 days and antimony concentrations were found to diminish over the 3-day observation period at all treatment levels. Oral antimony chloride was associated with dose-related incidence of DNA-strand breaks. Additionally, nucleoid sedimentation illustrated more frequent fragmentation among early (24-hour) sacrifices due to declining levels of antimony in the 48- and 72-hour sacrifice groups. The degree of fragmentation was notably dose-related. Gamma-irradiation could not further enhance DNA damage to the small fragments remaining after treatment at 1.5 g/mg as it did in cells from control, low-dose and mid-dose mice. Further, the spontaneous repair of damage from gamma-irradiation noted among control, low-, and mid-dose groups was inhibited in cells from high-dose, 24-hour sacrificed mice to nearly imperceptible by nucleoid sedimentation analysis. Inhibited DNA repair following gamma-irradiation also reflected higher relative antimony levels in early (24-hour) sacrifices among the other dosage groups. Slowed incorporation of labelled thymidine confirmed slowed DNA repair in

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute respiratory exposure to antimony trichloride (76 mg/cu m) produced irritation and soreness of the upper respiratory tract in several workers.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Severe burns of cornea are said to have been caused by exposure to high concn of vapor, and destruction of cornea and conjunctiva has resulted from contact with soln of antimony trichloride in hydrochloric acid.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation of small amounts may cause only irritation of the nose, throat, and air passages; large exposures result in severe air-passage irritation. Ingestion causes vomiting, purging with bloody stools, slow pulse, and low blood pressure; slow, shallow breathing; coma, and convulsions sometimes followed by death. Contact with eyes causes severe eye burns or at least severe eye irritation. Contact of dry chemical with skin may result in deep chemical burns.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Occupational exposures are usually by inhalation of dust containing ... antimony trichloride ... . Effects may be acute, particularly from ... trichloride exposures, producing a rhinitis and even acute pulmonary edema.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Antimony trichloride (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Chemical: Stibine, trichloro-

Status: Active Update: 29-09-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/12123；Status: Active Update: 28-09-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/25263

Antimony (III) chloride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Antimony compounds are included on this list. /Antimony Componds/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Antimony trichloride is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Antimony and compounds/