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Sodium ferrocyanide

HCID 26129
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Basic information

CAS
13601-19-9
Standard SMILES
[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[Fe+2].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]
InChIKey
GTSHREYGKSITGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular formula
C6FeN6.4Na
Average molar mass
303.91 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass
303.912457

Overview

Sodium ferrocyanide is an odorless yellow solid. Sinks and mixes with water. (USCG, 1999)

Names & identifiers

Preferred name
Sodium ferrocyanide
IUPAC
tetrasodium;iron(2+);hexacyanide
English name
Sodium ferrocyanide
Molecular formula
C6FeN6.4Na
Molecular weight
303.91

Names & synonyms

SODIUM FERROCYANIDESodium prussiate yellowTetrasodium hexacyanoferrateSodium hexacyanoferrate(II)Tetrasodium ferrocyanideSodium hexacyanoferate(II)HSDB 742Tetrasodium hexacyanoferrate(4-)EINECS 237-081-9Ferrate(4-), hexacyano-, tetrasodiumSodium ferrocyanide (Na4(Fe(CN)6))5HT6X21AID
Show more names
Sodium hexacyanoferrateSodium ferrocyanidSodium hexacyanoferrSODIUMFERROCYANIDE,FCCSODIUM PRUSSIATE, YELLOWYELLOW PRUSSIATE OF SODASodiumferrocyanide10xH2OSodiumhexacyanoferrat(II)sodiumhexacyanoferate(11)
AI3-28762DTXSID3051337Ferrate(4-), hexakis(cyano-C)-, tetrasodiumSODIUM HEXACYANOFERRATE (II)Ferrate(4-), hexakis(cyano-C)-, tetrasodium, (OC-6-11)-Ferrate(4-), hexakis(cyano-kappaC)-, tetrasodium, (OC-6-11)-EC 237-081-9Ferrate(4-), hexakis(cyano-.kappa.C)-, sodium (1:4), (OC-6-11)-

Database identifiers

CAS
13601-19-9

Properties

Computed structural properties

Topological polar surface area
143 Ų
Hydrogen bond donors
0
Hydrogen bond acceptors
12
Rotatable bonds
0
Heavy atoms
17
Formal charge
0
Complexity
127

Experimental & physicochemical properties

Chemical ClassesMetals -> Metals, Inorganic Compounds
OdorODORLESS
Density · 3 items

1.458 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.46

1.458 @25 °C

Color/FormPale yellow
Solubility · 2 items

Solubility (% in water): 10.2% @ 1 °C; 14.7% @ 17 °C; 17.6% @ 25 °C; 28.1% @ 53 °C; 39% @ 85 °C; 39.7% @ 96.6 °C /Calculated as anhydrous/

Pale yellow, monoclinic crystals; practically insol in most organic solvents; becomes anhydrous @ 81.5 °C; decomp 435 °C, forming sodium cyanide, iron, carbon and nitrogen /decahydrate/

Decomposition · 2 items

WHEN HEATED TO DECOMP OR ON CONTACT WITH ACID OR ACID FUMES, THEY EMIT HIGHLY TOXIC FUMES OF CYANIDES. /FERROCYANIDES/

ACID, BASIC OR NEUTRAL SOLN OF FERROCYANIDES LIBERATE HYDROCYANIC ACID UPON STRONG IRRADIATION. /FERROCYANIDES/

Physical Description · 3 items

Sodium ferrocyanide is an odorless yellow solid. Sinks and mixes with water. (USCG, 1999)

Yellow crystals or crystalline powder

Safety & regulation

Safety information is for reference only and does not replace the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS), applicable regulations, or professional assessment.

GHS classification

GHS Classification · 5 items

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 79.4% (239 of 301) of all reports.

Warning

H302+H312 (13%): Harmful if swallowed or in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]

P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 301 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Hazard information

Regulatory Information · 4 items

Chemical: Ferrate(4-), hexakis(cyano-C)-, tetrasodium, (OC-6-11)-

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 (amended)

REACH registered substance: Tetrasodium hexacyanoferrate (EC: 237-081-9)

Sodium ferrocyanide: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

DOT LabelClass 9
Fire HazardsExcerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:
Health HazardsNone recorded. (USCG, 1999)
Hazards Summary · 1 item

Ferrocyanide complexes are stable and practically nontoxic because of the strong bonding between iron and cyanide. Cyanide ions may be formed slowly when the chemical is irradiated with UV light. [Ullmann] Solutions may produce hydrogen cyanide on prolonged exposure to sunlight; [Merck Index] Aqueous solutions form hydrogen cyanide when exposed to light; May cause irritation; [MSDSonline]

FDA Requirements · 2 items

Chemistry & industry

Pharmacology

Metabolism/Metabolites · 1 item

Cyanide is rapidly alsorbed through oral, inhalation, and dermal routes and distributed throughout the body. Cyanide is mainly metabolized into thiocyanate by either rhodanese or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. Cyanide metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L96)

Absorption, Distribution and ExcretionRAPIDLY EXCRETED IN URINE, APPARENTLY WITHOUT METABOLIC ALTERATION.

Uses & manufacturing

Uses · 6 items

Used in ore flotation, photography (bleaching, toning, and fixing), pickling baths, blue pigments and dyes, blue print paper, metallurgy, and tanning; Also used as a polymerization catalyst, a rock salt anti-caking agent, a peptizing agent in rubber, and an arc stabilizer in welding rod coatings; [HSDB] Used as an anti-caking agent for food; [Merck Index]

Welding [Category: Weld]

In ore flotation; in photography for bleaching, toning and fixing; emulsion polymerization catalyst; to prevent caking of rock salt

Additive to pickling baths; peptizing agent in rubber; arc stabilizer in welding rods coatings

Mfr of sodium ferricyanide; blue pigments; blue print paper; metallurgy; tanning; dyes; anticaking agent for sodium chloride /Decahydrate/

Sodium ferrocyanide is added to road and food grade salt as an anticaking agent, and is also used in photography and in the pigment Prussian blue. (L562)

Formulations/PreparationsGrades: Technical, CP
Household ProductsInformation on 1 consumer products that contain Sodium ferrocyanide in the following categories is provided:
Use Classification · 4 items

Food additives

Food Additives -> ANTICAKING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> ANTICAKING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> ANTICAKING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

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Compound notes

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On this pageBasic informationOverviewNames & identifiersPropertiesSafety & regulationChemistry & industryRelated reactionsCompound notes
PubChem CID
26129
DTXSID
DTXSID3051337
ChEBI
CHEBI:30061
EC Number
237-081-9

Decahydrate: Pale yellow slightly efflorescent solid; [Merck Index] Yellowish crystals; [MSDSonline]

Stability/Shelf LifeSLIGHTLY EFFLORESCENT; STEADY DEHYDRATION OCCURS ABOVE 50 °C /DECAHYDRATE/
Autoignition TemperatureNot flammable (USCG, 1999)
Other Experimental PropertiesSOLUBILITY (G/100 CC WATER): 31.85 G @ 20 °C, 156.5 G @ 98 °C; INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.519, 1.530, 1.544; DENSITY 1.458 /DECAHYDRATE/

Physicochemical properties

Melting point
82 °C · 82°C -10H₂O
Density
1.458 · 1.458
solubility
insoluble in organic solvents
form
yellow monoclinic crystals
color
yellow monoclinic crystals, crystalline
Water Solubility
soluble
Merck
14 · 14,8616
Stability
Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions
ANTICAKING
InChI
InChI=1S/6CN.Fe.4Na/c6*1-2;;;;;/q;;;;;;-4;4*+1
InChIKey
OBOWFEZVRNRJBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES
[Fe-4](C#N)(C#N)(C#N)(C#N)(C#N)C#N.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]
LogP
-0.25 · -0.250 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference
13601 · 13601-19-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA 21 CFR
172.49 · 172.490; 573.1020
FDA UNII
5 HT6X21AID · 5HT6X21AID
EPA Substance Registry System
Ferrate(4-), hexakis(cyano-.kappa.C)-, sodium (1:4), (OC-6-11)- (13601-19-9)
UNSPSC Code
12352200 · 12352200
Symbol(GHS)
7 · GHS07
Signal word
Warning
Hazard statements
412 · H412-H302+H312
Precautionary statements
273 · P273-P501
Hazard Codes
Xn
Risk Statements
21 · 21/22-32-52/53
Safety Statements
36 · 36/37-61
RIDADR
1588 · UN1588
WGK Germany
2 · WGK 2
TSCA
TSCA listed
HazardClass
6.1 · 6.1
PackingGroup
III
Storage Class
13 · 13 - Non Combustible Solids
Hazard Classifications
4 DermalAcute · Acute Tox. 4 DermalAcute Tox. 4 OralAquatic Chronic 3
Hazardous Substances Data
13601 · 13601-19-9(Hazardous Substances Data)
REACH Registrations
Active

Yellow prussiate of soda (sodium ferrocyanide decahydrate ...) may be safely used as an anticaking agent in salt for animal consumption at a level not to exceed 13 ppm. The additive contains a minimum of 99.0% by weight of sodium ferrocyanide decahydrate. /Sodium ferrocyanide decahydrate/

The food additive yellow prussiate of soda (sodium ferrocyanide decahydrate ...) contains a minimum of 99% by weight of sodium ferrocyanide decahydrate. The additive is used or intended for use as an anticaking agent in salt and as an adjuvant in the production of dendritic crystals of salt in an amount needed to produce its intended effect but not in excess of 13 ppm calculated as anhydrous sodium ferrocyanide. /Sodium ferrocyanide decahydrate/

Reactive GroupCyanides, Inorganic
Reactivity Profile · 1 item

SODIUM FERROCYANIDE is a coordination compound of iron. The cyanide ligands are tightly bound to the iron, so it is not as toxic as simple inorganic cyanide salts. However, this compound can release hydrogen cyanide gas upon reaction with acids.

Air and Water ReactionsWater soluble.
Clean Water Act RequirementsToxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Cyanides/
Hazard Classes and CategoriesAcute Tox. 4 (13%)
Hazardous Reactivities and IncompatibilitiesDO NOT MIX WITH HOT OR CONCENTRATED ACIDS & DO NOT EXPOSE SOLN TO SUNLIGHT FOR ANY LENGTH OF TIME TO AVOID GENERATION OF HYDROGEN CYANIDE.

Safety & protection

Fire FightingExcerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:
First AidNone is required except for ingestion of a huge dose, in which case the stomach should be emptied by inducing vomiting. (USCG, 1999)
Cleanup MethodsHEATED WASTE WATER CONTAINING IRON CYANIDE COMPLEX IS TREATED WITH SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE.
Nonfire Spill ResponseExcerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:
Disposal Methods · 1 item

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Isolation and EvacuationExcerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:
Protective Action Criteria (PAC) · 3 items

4.8 [mg/m3]

53 [mg/m3]

320 [mg/m3]

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) · 2 items

U.S. Bureau of Mines respirator for excessive dustiness; safety goggles. (USCG, 1999)

US BUREAU OF MINES RESPIRATOR FOR EXCESSIVE DUSTINESS; SAFETY GOGGLES

Toxicology

Treatment · 1 item

Antidotes to cyanide poisoning include hydroxocobalamin and sodium nitrite, which release the cyanide from the cytochrome system, and rhodanase, which is an enzyme occurring naturally in mammals that combines serum cyanide with thiosulfate, producing comparatively harmless thiocyanate. Oxygen therapy can also be administered. (L97)

Health Effects · 1 item

Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97)

Adverse EffectsOther Poison - Chemical Asphyxiant
Exposure RoutesInhalation (L96) ; oral (L96) ; dermal (L96)
Toxicity Summary · 1 item

Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97)

Signs and SymptomsCyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (L96, L97)
Human Toxicity Excerpts · 3 items

SEVERAL G...HAVE BEEN SWALLOWED REPEATEDLY BY WOULD-BE SUICIDES WITHOUT APPARENT ILL-EFFECT.

BECAUSE OF STRONG CHEMICAL BONDAGE BETWEEEN THE CYANIDE GROUP & THE IRON, FERROCYANIDES HAVE A LOW ORDER OF TOXICITY. /FERROCYANIDES/

SUMMARY TOXICITY STATEMENT; ACUTE... FERROCYANIDES AS SUCH ARE OF LOW ORDER OF TOXICITY. LOW= CAUSES READILY REVERSIBLE TISSUE CHANGES WHICH DISAPPEAR AFTER EXPOSURE STOPS. CAUSES SOME DISCOMFORT. /FERROCYANIDES/

Carcinogen ClassificationNo indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Non-Human Toxicity ExcerptsDOGS TOLERATE IV INJECTIONS OF 2.5 G/KG.
Environmental Water ConcentrationsWaste ferrocyanides in streams and lakes should not exceed 2 ppm because irradiated soln become toxic to fish.

Regulatory information

FDA Requirements · 2 items

Yellow prussiate of soda (sodium ferrocyanide decahydrate ...) may be safely used as an anticaking agent in salt for animal consumption at a level not to exceed 13 ppm. The additive contains a minimum of 99.0% by weight of sodium ferrocyanide decahydrate. /Sodium ferrocyanide decahydrate/

The food additive yellow prussiate of soda (sodium ferrocyanide decahydrate ...) contains a minimum of 99% by weight of sodium ferrocyanide decahydrate. The additive is used or intended for use as an anticaking agent in salt and as an adjuvant in the production of dendritic crystals of salt in an amount needed to produce its intended effect but not in excess of 13 ppm calculated as anhydrous sodium ferrocyanide. /Sodium ferrocyanide decahydrate/

Clean Water Act RequirementsToxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Cyanides/

Safety data

wgk
WGK 2
tsca
TSCA listed
ridadr
UN1588
risk_code
21/22-32-52/53
Signal word
Warning
Symbol(GHS)
GHS07
hazard_code
Xn
safety_code
36/37-61
hazard_class
6.1
Storage Class
13 - Non Combustible Solids
packing_group
III
Hazard statements
H412-H302+H312
REACH Registrations
Active
Hazard Classifications
Acute Tox. 4 DermalAcute Tox. 4 OralAquatic Chronic 3
Precautionary statements
P273-P501
Hazardous Substances Data
13601-19-9(Hazardous Substances Data)
General Manufacturing Information · 2 items

Ferrate(4-), hexakis(cyano-.kappa.C)-, sodium (1:4), (OC-6-11)-: ACTIVE

Addn of sodium ferrocyanide soln to slightly acidic soln of iron salts causes pptn of insol prussian blue (ferric ferrocyanide), Fe4[Fe(CN)6)]3. Sodium ferrocyanide forms gels with heavy metals in general.

Applications · 3 items

UsesSodium Ferrocyanide is an anticaking agent and crystallizing agent. It is sometimes added as a crystallizing agent to salt when it crystallizes to generate lagged and bulky crystals which resist caking. It also functions as a water-soluble anticaking agent.

UsesManufacture of sodium ferricyanide, blue pig- ments, blueprint paper, anticaking agent for salt, ore flotation, pickling metals, polymerization catalyst, photographic fixing agent.

General DescriptionOdorless yellow solid. Sinks and mixes with water.

Upstream & downstream products

Upstream raw materials

Black cyanideTetrapotassium hexacyanoferrateCalcium FerrocyanideSodium cyanideHydrogen cyanideFerrous sulfatePotassium ferrocyanide trihyrateIronFerrous sulfate heptahydrateSodium carbonate

Downstream products

Tetrapotassium hexacyanoferratePrussian BlueLactic acidPotassium ferrocyanide trihyrate

Additional notes

DefinitionChEBI: Sodium hexacyanoferrate(4-) is a hexacyanoferrate(4-) salt.