Cetylpyridinium

Pharmaceuticals

Pharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15

193.4 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: APCI+; Dataset: TOXCAST; Source Identifier: DTXSID3033307]

195.66 Ų [M]+ [CCS Type: TW; Method: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]

R - Respiratory system

D - Dermatologicals

D - Dermatologicals

B - Blood and blood forming organs

QR - Respiratory system

QD - Dermatologicals

No readily available data regarding the protein binding of cetylpyridinium chloride is available and various products that actually contain cetylpyridinium chloride as an active ingredient suggest that no pharmacokinetic data are available for the agent.

Cetylpyridinium chloride is considered a cationic disinfectant with properties and uses similar to other such cationic surfactants. In particular, cetylpyridinium chloride has demonstrated a rapid bactericidal and fungicide effect on gram-positive pathogens and yeasts, respectively. Cetylpyridinium chloride is subsequently utilized in a variety of preparations for the local treatment of minor infections. Despite the variety of formulations in which cetylpyridinium chloride may appear as an active ingredient, it is generally accepted that it only elicits a local effect owing to the compound's relatively poor absorption by route of exposure.

When incorporated into mouthwashes, toothpastes, lozenges, or mouth sprays, cetylpyridinium chloride is expected to elicit a mechanism of action that decreases new dental plaque growth, decreases or removes existing dental plaque, diminishes the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and inhibits the production of virulence factors. Cetylpyridinium chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound that demonstrates a broad spectrum anti-bacterial activity. It possesses a cationic surface active agent surfactant which can absorb readily to oral surfaces. The molecules of this agent have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. In action, the positively charged hydrophilic region of cetylpyridinium chloride molecules enables the compound to interact with microbial cell surfaces and even integrate into the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Consequently, there is a resultant disruption of bacterial membrane integrity causing a leakage of bacterial cytoplasmic components, interference with cellular metabolism, inhibition of cell growth, and ultimately - cell death. Moreover, cetylpyridinium chloride can also inhibit the synthesis of insoluble glucan by streptococcal glucosyltransferase, adsorb to pellicle-covered enamel, and inhibit co-adhesion of bacteria, and bind streptococcus mutans biofilms. This ability of cetylpyridinium chloride to be able to adsorb to pellicle covered enamel imparts substantivity to the compound molecules - that is retention in the mouth and continued antimicrobial activity for a period of time after rinsing. Taking these mechanisms into consideration, cetylpyridinium chloride may be considered an active ingredient that is effective in the treatment and prevention of bacterial or fungal disorders of the oropharyngeal cavity.