Zinc hexafluorosilicate

2.1 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

Density: 2.104 g/cu cm

Solubility: 77 g/100 g water at 10 °C; 93 g/100 g water at 60 °C /Hexahydrate/

54.371 lb/100 lb water at 70 °F

Zinc fluorosilicate appears as a solid material, or the solid mixed with water. Insoluble in water and denser than water. Contact with the material may cause irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. It may be toxic by ingestion.

Hexahydrate: White solid; [Merck Index] Grey odorless solid; [MSDSonline]

PH OF 1% AQUEOUS SOLN 3.2; WHITE CRYSTALS /HEXAHYDRATE/

COLORLESS HEXAGONAL PRISMS; DECOMP @ 100 °C /HEXAHYDRATE/

HYDROLYZED BY ALKALI TO FLUORIDE ION /FLUOSILICATE SALTS/

Danger

H302 (98%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P363, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 149 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Danger

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

Chemical: Silicate(2-), hexafluoro-, zinc (1:1)

REACH registered substance: Zinc hexafluorosilicate (EC: 240-894-1)

Zinc hexafluorosilicate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating hydrogen fluoride and silicon tetrafluoride are formed in fires. (USCG, 1999)

· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.

Inhalation of dust irritates nose and throat; excessive inhalation may cause severe pulmonary inflammation. Ingestion causes nausea, cramps, vomiting, shock, convulsions, cyanosis, and other symptoms of fluoride poisoning. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation; skin ulcers may develop. (USCG, 1999)

· Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.

A skin, eye, nose, and throat irritant; May cause skin ulcers; Inhalation of high concentrations can cause severe pulmonary inflammation; In a suicide case, a 35 year old man drank half a glassful of a 5 to 10% solution of a commercial formulation. Symptoms included vomiting, tetanic convulsions, and death within 5 hours. [HSDB] May cause skin, eye, and mucous membrane irritation; [CAMEO] See FLUORIDES. See Zinc.

Zinc and Health. Current Bibliographies in Medicine 98-3. Public Services Division/National Library of Medicine. 3619 citations January, 1990-June, 1998. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/archive/20040831/pubs/cbm/zinc.html as of November 2, 1998.

USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Zinc (1980) EPA 400/5-80-079

USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Zinc (1987) EPA 400/5-87-003

Arvidson, B. A Review of Axonal Transport of Metals. Toxicology 88: 1-14 (19994) Recent findings regarding axonal transport of metals, including zinc.

For more Special Reports (Complete) data for ZINC SILICOFLUORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Zinc fluosilicate is found on List D. Case No: 4050; Pesticide type: Insecticide; Case Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered ... The case /is characterized/ as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.; Active ingredient (AI): Zinc fluosilicate; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

ZINC FLUOROSILICATE has weak oxidizing or reducing powers. Redox reactions can however still occur. The majority of compounds in this class are slightly soluble or insoluble in water. If soluble in water, then the solutions are usually neither strongly acidic nor strongly basic. These compounds are not water-reactive.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ZINC SILICOFLUORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

INHALATION: move to fresh air.

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Fluorides in urine = 2 mg/L prior to shift or 3 mg/L at end of shift; (Repeated measurements recommended.)

1.0 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction, as F[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be contained with a flexible impermeable membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (slaked lime), crushed limestone, or sodium bicarbonate. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates or greater concentration.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

2.5 [mg/m3], as F

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 2.5 mg/cu m. /Fluorides, as F/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Fluorides, as F/

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Fluorides, as F/

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: fluorides in urine; Sampling Time: prior to shift; BEI: 3 mg/g creatinine. Determinant: fluorides in urine; Sampling Time: end of shift; BEI: 10 mg/g creatinine. The determinant may be present in biological specimens collected from subjects who have not been occupationally exposed, at a concentration which could affect interpretation of the result. Such background concentrations are incorporated in the BEI value. The determinant is nonspecific, since it is also observed after exposure to other chemicals. /Fluorides/

Anaemia results from the excessive absorption of zinc suppressing copper and iron absorption, most likely through competitive binding of intestinal mucosal cells. Unbalanced levels of copper and zinc binding to Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase has been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Stomach acid dissolves metallic zinc to give corrosive zinc chloride, which can cause damage to the stomach lining. Metal fume fever is thought to be an immune response to inhaled zinc. (L48, L49, A49)

Ingestion of large doses of zinc causes stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Acute inhalation of large amounts of zinc causes metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Dermal contact with zinc results in skin irritation. (L49)

A suicide served to show that poisoning by zinc hexafluorosilicate is typical of poisoning by the fluoride ion. A 35 year old man drank half a glassful of a 5 to 10% solution of a commercial formulation. Following ingestion, emesis and tetanic convulsions occurred in 3.4 hr and death in 4.5 hr. Pathology was typical of fluoride poisoning.

Inhalation of dust irritates nose and throat; excessive inhalation may cause severe pulmonary inflammation. Ingestion cause nausea, cramps, vomiting, shock, convulsions, cyanosis, and other symptoms of fluoride poisoning. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation; skin ulcers may develop.

SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 1. Severe gastritis or gastroenteritis with abdominal pain, retching, and prolonged vomiting, beginning 10-60 min after ingestion. Vomitus may become bloody. Diarrhea is sometimes violent; the feces are watery and later tarry. Dehydration becomes intense. 2. Shock, pallor, cyanosis and coldness. Rapid, weak or imperceptible pulse, low blood pressure, rapid and shallow respirations. 3. Sometimes breathing is deep and rapid, reflecting an accompanying metabolic acidosis. 4. Drowsiness, hyporeflexia, dilated pupils, coma. Vasomotor instability, shock or coma and a serum iron level in great excess of the total iron-binding capacity are poor prognostic signs. /Fluoride/

SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 5. Liver injury, consisting of hemorrhagic necrosis which is usually reversible. 6. Death from shock, usually in 4-5 hr. Sometimes following apparent recovery, pneumonia with fever or secondary shock may cause death 1-3 days later. 7. Among survivors pyloric stenosis and mild hepatic cirrhosis may be encountered as persistent sequelae, but recovery is usually complete. /Fluoride/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ZINC SILICOFLUORIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS FLUOSILICATES APPEAR TO BE AS TOXIC AS CORRESPONDING FLUORIDES. /FLUOSILICATES/

/Acute poisoning/ If sufficient fluoride is absorbed ... fluoride ion increases capillary permeability and also produces a coagulation defect. These actions lead to hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and hemorrhages, congestion, and edema in various organs including the brain. Clinical manifestations ... include excitability, muscle tremors, weakness, urination, defecation, salivation, emesis, sudden collapse, clonic convulsions, coma, and death due to respiratory and cardiac failure. Cyanosis and early rigor mortis ... /Fluoride/

Signs of acute systemic fluoride intoxication are increased salivation, lacrimation, vomiting, diarrhea, muscular fibrillation, and respiratory, cardiac, and general depression. ... /Fluorides/

Chronic manifestations of excess fluoride in cattle are ... dental fluorosis and osteofluorosis. Animals with moderate to severe osteofluorosis sometimes exhibit an intermittent, non-specific, a typical lameness or stiffness that may be associated with calcification of periarticular structures and tendon insertions. This lameness or stiffness is often transitory in nature; and limits feeding or grazing time, thereby impairing animal performance. Other general non-specific signs or symptoms sometimes associated with chronic fluoride toxicosis include thickened, dry unpliable skin and poor performance. /Fluoride/

The visible effects of toxic concn of fluoride on plants ... may include chlorosis, peripheral necrosis, leaf distortion, and malformation or abnormal fruit development. /Fluoride/

Patients with kidney dysfunction may be particularly susceptible to fluoride toxicity. /Fluoride/

Populations that appear to be at increased risk from the effects of fluoride are individuals that suffer from diabetes insipidus or some forms of renal impairment. /Fluoride/

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Zinc fluosilicate is found on List D. Case No: 4050; Pesticide type: Insecticide; Case Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered ... The case /is characterized/ as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.; Active ingredient (AI): Zinc fluosilicate; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance.

Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Clean Water Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Zinc and compounds/

For total recoverable zinc the criterion to protect freshwater aquatic life ... is 47 ng/l as a 24 hr average ... at hardnesses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/l as CaCO3 the concentration of total recoverable zinc should not exceed 180, 320, 570 ug/l at any time. /Soluble zinc salts/

For total recoverable zinc the criterion to protect saltwater aquatic life ... is 58 ug/l as a 24 hr average and the concentration should not exceed 170 ug/l at any time. /Soluble zinc salts/

(AZ) ARIZONA 4,000 ug/l /Fluoride ion/

(CA) CALIFORNIA 2,000 ug/l /Fluoride ion; varies with air temperature from 79.3-90.5 °F, down to less than 53.7 °F, the lower the temperature, the higher the allowable standard/

(DE) DELAWARE 1800 ug/l /Fluoride ion/

(NC) NORTH CAROLINA 4,000 ug/l /Fluoride ion/

(PA) PENNSYLVANIA 2,000 ug/l /Fluoride ion/

(AZ) ARIZONA 5000 ug/l /Zinc/

(MN) MINNESOTA 2000 ug/l /Zinc/

(AZ) ARIZONA 4,000 ug/l /Fluoride ion/

(ME) MAINE 2,400 ug/l /Fluoride ion/

EPA 5000 ug/l /Zinc/

EPA 2000 ug/l /Zinc, Lifetime health advisory/

EPA 2,000 ug/l /Fluoride ion/

INHIBITION OF ONE OR MORE ENZYMES CONTROLLING CELLULAR GLYCOLYSIS (& PERHAPS RESP) MAY RESULT IN A CRITICAL LESION. ... BINDING OR PRECIPITATION OF CALCIUM AS CALCIUM FLUORIDE ... SUGGESTED AS MECHANISM UNDERLYING MANY DIVERSE SIGNS & SYMPTOMS IN FLUORIDE POISONING, PARTICULARLY IF DEATH IS DELAYED. ... AT LEAST IN SOME SPECIES FLUORIDE INTERFERES WITH BOTH CONTRACTILE POWER OF HEART AND THE MECHANISM OF BEAT IN A WAY THAT CANNOT BE ASCRIBED TO HYPOCALCEMIA. /FLUORIDE/

... Floride interacts with bones and teeth by replacing hydroxyl or bicarbonate ions in hydroxyapatite to form fluorohydroxyapatite. ... The presence of fluorohydroxyapatite increases the crystalline structure of the bone and reduces its solubility. ... Dental fluorosis results from toxic effects of fluoride on the epithelial enamel organ. /Fluoride/

In acute poisoning, fluoride kills by blocking normal cellular metabolism. Fluoride inhibits enzymes, in particular metalloenzymes involved in essential processes, causing vital functions such as the initiation and transmission of nerve impulses, to cease. ... /Fluoride/

Zinc can enter the body through the lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal absorption of zinc is controlled by zinc carrier protein CRIP. Zinc also binds to metallothioneins, which help prevent absorption of excess zinc. Zinc is widely distributed and found in all tissues and tissues fluids, concentrating in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, skin, lung, brain, heart, and pancreas. In the bloodstream zinc is found bound to carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes, as well as bound to albumin, _2-macroglobulin, and amino acids in the the plasma. Albumin and amino acid bound zinc can diffuse across tissue membranes. Zinc is excreted in the urine and faeces. (L49)

IN TWO CASES /OF ZINC SILICOFLUORIDE INGESTION/ ... ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE CONCENTRATION OF ZINC WAS INCREASED OVER NORMAL VALUES MORE DEPENDABLY IN THE BLOOD THAN IN THE LIVER OR KIDNEYS. IN ... SUICIDE, THE CONCENTRATION OF ZINC IN THESE ORGANS WAS WITHIN THE RANGE OF NORMAL.

AFTER SUICIDE BY INGESTION OF LARGE AMT OF ZINC SILICOFLUORIDE (FLUATE), HIGH FLUORIDE ION CONCN WERE FOUND IN SUBJECTS' VOMITUS, STOMACH CONTENTS, DUODENUM & BLOOD (3200, 138, 16 & 1.7 MG/100 G, RESPECTIVELY). LIVER & KIDNEYS CONTAINED NORMAL FLUORIDE ION CONCN, INDICATING SHORT INTERVAL BETWEEN INTAKE & DEATH. MARKED DIFFERENCES WERE OBSERVED IN THE RATES OF ABSORPTION OF FLUORIDE ION AND ZINC ION FROM THE STOMACH AND THE FACT THAT ZINC ION HAS AN EMETIC EFFECT IN ORAL DOSES OF 250-500 MG. A LETHAL DOSE OF FLUORIDE ION MAY BE ABSORBED BEFORE VOMITING, WITHOUT AN INCREASE OF BLOOD ZINC ION.

/RENAL CLEARANCE/ 1. VIRTUALLY ALL FLUORIDE IN PLASMA ... IS ULTRAFILTERABLE. 2. RENAL EXCRETION OF RADIOFLUORIDE DEPENDS ON GLOMERULAR FILTRATION & VARIABLE TUBULAR REABSORPTION. 3. PROBABLY, REABSORPTION IS LARGELY PASSIVE ... 4. FLUORIDE EXCRETION INCR WHEN PLASMA CONCN IS INCREASED. 5. PROCEDURES THAT INCREASE URINARY FLOW RATE (EG, ADMIN OF OSMOTIC DIURETICS, HYPERTONIC SALINE, OR DIURETIC DRUGS) INCREASE THE CLEARANCE OF FLUORIDE. /FLUORIDE/

IN FEMALE RATS, THE SKELETONS OF YOUNGER RATS APPARENTLY ARE MORE EFFICIENT AT REMOVING FLUORIDE FROM CIRCULATION THAN ARE THOSE OF OLDER RATS. /SODIUM FLUORIDE/

For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for ZINC SILICOFLUORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Used as a laundry sour, concrete hardener, textile mothproofer, and plaster additive; Also used in glass and ceramic glazes and in chemical waterproofing specialties; [HSDB]

Cement Producing [Category: Industry]

Ceramics making [Category: Hobbies]

The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

LAUNDRY SOUR; HARDENER FOR CONCRETE, MOTHPROOFING AGENT

Chemical waterproofing specialties, glaze for glass & ceramics, mothproofing for textiles

Silicate(2-), hexafluoro-, zinc (1:1): ACTIVE

The use of fluoride-containing compositions for the removal of pollutants from wastewater is described.

A liquid composition containing one or more fluoro-complex salts for the rapid setting of dental cements is given.