Calusterone

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3,500(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that calusterone is expected to have slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of calusterone from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Calusterone is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 9.1X10-9 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2005).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3,500(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that calusterone is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 310(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 4.1(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2005).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), calusterone, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 9.1X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the atmosphere. Particulate-phase calusterone may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Calusterone does not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of calusterone can be estimated to be 3,500(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that calusterone is expected to have slight mobility in soil.

An estimated BCF of 310 was calculated for calusterone(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 4.1(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for calusterone is estimated as 6.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that calusterone is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from moist soil(SRC) and water surfaces(2). Calusterone is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 9.1X10-9 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

Androgens are contraindicated during pregnancy. Studies in humans have shown that androgens cause masculinization of the external genitalia of the female fetus, including clitoromegaly, abnormal vaginal development, and fusion of genital folds to form a scrotal-like structure. The degree of masculinization is dose-related. /Androgens/

Androgens should be used with caution in children and adolescents who are still growing because of possible premature epiphyseal closure in males and females, precocious sexual development in prepubertal males, or virilization in females. Skeletal maturation should be monitored at 6 month intervals by an x-ray of the hand and wrist. /Androgens/

Anabolic steroids may decrease blood glucose concentrations; diabetic patients should be closely monitored for signs of hypoglycemia and dosage of hypoglycemic agent adjusted as necessary. /Anabolic steroids/

Calusterone is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(1). Calusterone does not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Occupational exposure to calusterone may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where calusterone is produced or used. Exposure to the drug among the general population may have been limited to those taking calusterone (an anticancer agent). Intentional human exposure may occurre from possible use as a performance enhancement drug in athletes. (SRC)

Calusterone's production and former use as an antineoplastic and possible use as a performance enhancement drug in athletes may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 9.1X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates calusterone will exist solely in the particulate phase in the atmosphere. Particulate-phase calusterone will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. Calusterone does not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, calusterone is expected to have slight mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 3,500. Volatilization from water or moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mole. Calusterone is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation data were not available. If released into water, calusterone is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. An estimated BCF of 310 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to calusterone may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where calusterone is produced. Exposure to the drug among the general population may have been limited to those taking calusterone (an anticancer agent). Intentional human exposure may occurre from possible use as a performance enhancement drug in athletes. (SRC)

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/