Danazol

4.081

4.21

Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Estrogen Antagonists

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

Pharmaceuticals

224.2-226.8

225.6 °C

193.1 Ų [M-H]- [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: ESI-; Dataset: TOXCAST; Source Identifier: DTXSID2022880]

170.25 Ų [M+H-H2O]+ [CCS Type: TW; Method: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]

Danger

H312 (95.2%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

P203, P261, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P317, P318, P321, P362+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 62 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

As a synthetic steroid, danazol has many adverse effects in line with other androgens, making its adverse effects broad and systemic. The most commonly reported adverse effects of danazol include weight gain, gastrointestinal symptoms including bloating, nausea, vomiting, gastroenteritis, elevated liver function tests, joint pain, muscle spasms, lethargy, headache, and depression. Other than these, gynecologic adverse effects such as intermenstrual bleeding, breast atrophy, flushes, and androgenic adverse effects such as hirsutism, decreased breast size, acne, hair loss, oily skin, oily hair, menstrual irregularities, and hoarseness, adverse effects due to weak mineralocorticoid activity such as swelling and edema have also been reported.

G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones

QG - Genito urinary system and sex hormones

Danazol is a derivative of the synthetic steroid ethisterone, a modified testosterone. It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the first drug to specifically treat endometriosis, but its role as a treatment for endometriosis has been largely replaced by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. Danazol has antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities. Danazol acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties.

As a gonadotropin inhibitor, danazol suppresses the pituitary-ovarian axis possibly by inhibiting the output of pituitary gonadotropins. Danazol also depresses the preovulatory surge in output of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), thereby reducing ovarian estrogen production. Danazol may also directly inhibits ovarian steroidogenesis; bind to androgen, progesterone, and glucocorticoid receptors; bind to sex-hormone-binding globulin and corticosteroid-binding globulin; and increases the metabolic clearance rate of progesterone. Another mechanism of action by which danazol may use to facilitate regression of endometriosis is by decreasing IgG, IgM, and IgA concentrations, as well as phospholipid and IgG isotope autoantibodies. In the treatment of endometriosis, as a consequence of suppression of ovarian function, danazol causes both normal and ectopic endometrial tissues to become inactive and atrophic. This leads to anovulation and associated amenorrhea. In fibrocystic breast disease, the exact mechanism of action of danazol is unknown, but may be related to suppressed estrogenic stimulation as a result of decreased ovarian production of estrogen. A direct effect on steroid receptor sites in breast tissue is also possible. This leads to a disappearance of nodularity, relief of pain and tenderness, and possibly changes in the menstrual pattern. In terms of hereditary angioedema, danazol corrects the underlying biochemical deficiency by increasing serum concentrations of the deficient C1 esterase inhibitor, resulting in increased serum concentrations of the C4 component of the complement system. (Source: PharmGKB)