Bromopropylate

LC50 Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) 0.35 mg/L/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LD50 Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck, 3 month old females) oral >2000 mg/kg /sample purity 97.5%/

LD50 /Coturnix coturnix japonica/ (Japanese quail) oral >2000 mg/kg

LC50 /Coturnix coturnix japonica/ (Japanese quail) dietary 1000 mg/kg/8 days

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for BROMOPROPYLATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: IN SOIL, THIS MATERIAL WAS CONVERTED TO CORRESPONDING PHENONE...

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 21,000(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 5.40(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that bromopropylate is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of bromopropylate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 8.2X10-8 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 0.10 mg/L(4). Bromopropylate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2). Biodegradation half-lives in soil of 4-13 weeks have been reported(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 21,000(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 5.40(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that bromopropylate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 8.2X10-8 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 0.10 mg/L(4). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 2,900(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important fate process based on estimated half-lives of >100 years(8). Biodegradation half-lives in soil of 4-13 weeks have been reported(9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), bromopropylate, which has a vapor pressure of 8.2X10-8 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase bromopropylate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.5 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.5X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase bromopropylate may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

A 1994 study analyzed 11,348 US food samples for the presence of 329 pesticides(1). Bromopropylate was among the 94 pesticides listed as detected, not quantified(1).

From 1995 to 1999 a study conducted in Japan found 60 samples of oranges and grapefruit contained 4 samples with 0.05-0.1 micro gram/gram of acarol(1). The same study found 66 samples of Japanese pears contained 7 samples with 0.01-0.1 micrograms/gram of acarol(1). In a Belgian study from 1991 to 1993, 3064 food samples were analyzed for acarol residues, 8 food types (beans, radish, Lamb's lettuce, strawberries, apples, oranges, grapes and pears) were found to contain measurable quantities of acarol with concentrations ranging on average from 0.004-0.168 ppm and maximum measured quantities ranging from 0.08-2.0 ppm(2). A study from Egypt in 1996 reports that for 1579 food samples collected from open markets 2.02% of the samples contained acarol residues, the contaminated foods with average concentration in parentheses were cucumbers (0.12 mg/kg), eggplants (0.07 mg/kg ), peppers (0.13 mg/kg), apples (0.27 mg/kg), grapes (0.62 mg/kg), oranges (0.15 mg/kg), plums (0.22 mg/kg) and strawberries (0.89 mg/kg)(3).

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Signs of intoxication /in mallard ducks from acute oral administration/: Tachypnea, ataxia, imbalance, & hyperexcitability. Signs appeared as soon as 15 min... /sample purity 97.5%/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ It is highly toxic to fish...

The Koc of bromopropylate is estimated as 21,000(SRC), using a log Kow of 5.40(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that bromopropylate is expected to be immobile in soil.

AEROBIC: Two sandy soil types from Florida were treated with bromopropylate and sampled at various intervals over 16 weeks(1); representative rates of biodegradation are given below. In the Lakeland soil sample with higher organic matter content, the concentration was reduced from 1.01 ppm to 0.65 after 1 week and 0.33 ppm after 8 weeks(1). In the Leon soil sample with lower organic matter content, bromopropylate was degraded more slowly from an initial concentration of 1.12 ppm to 0.99 after 1 week and 0.47 after 8 weeks(1). Half-lives of bromopropylate in Lakeland soil were 2.5, 8, and 12 weeks at bromopropylate concentrations of 1.0, 0.6, and 0.3 ppm, respectively(1). Half-lives of bromopropylate in Leon soil were 4, 13, and 12 weeks at bromopropylate concentrations of 1.0, 0.6, and 0.3 ppm, respectively(1).

An estimated BCF of 2,900 was calculated for bromopropylate(SRC), using a log Kow of 5.40(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for bromopropylate is estimated as 4.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 8.2X10-8 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 0.1 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that bromopropylate is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(3). Bromopropylate's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur very slowly(SRC). Bromopropylate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 8.2X10-8 mm Hg(1).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A primary eye irritation test on bromopropylate (90% pure) was performed by using 3 male and 3 female New Zealand white rabbits. Irritation observed after the application of 100 mg of undiluted test material into the conjunctival sac consisted of reversible redness, chemosis and discharge in all rabbits and iridal involvement in one rabbit. The compound was given a descriptive rating "mildly irritant" in non-washed eyes and in washed eyes, with maximum average irritation scores of 9.3 and 3.3, respectively. However, the mean values of the scores calculated from the 24, 48 and 72 hour readings over all tested animals were 0.07 for iris lesions, 0.6 for redness, and 0.3 for edema of conjunctiva. According to the EEC Directive 83/467 the test substance is therefore classified as "non-irritant" to eyes.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A primary skin irritation test on bromopropylate (90% pure) was performed using 3 male and 3 female New Zealand white rabbits. Irritation observed on the skin after the application of 500 mg of test material moistened with 0.4 mL of saline consisted of grade 1 erythema in 5 out of 6 rabbits at the 1 hr reading time. The compound was given a descriptive rating "slight irritant". However, the mean values of the scores calculated from the 24, 48 and 72 hr readings over all tested animals were 0 for erythema and 0 for edema. According to the EEC Directive 83/467 the test substance is therefore classified as "non-irritant" to skin.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ...Male Wistar rats received bromopropylate in one, three or five daily oral doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg bw/day. ...The early effects observed consisted of hepatomegaly accompanied by an increase in the p-nitroanisole O-demethylase activity and hepatocyte proliferation. Hepatocyte proliferation was elevated during the total experimental period. Vacuolated cytoplasm and evident focal necrosis may suggest that the maximal increase in hepatocyte proliferation, preceding hepatomegaly, is at least partly related to a regenerative liver response to pesticides.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ A group of 2 male and 2 female dogs received orally, by capsule, 1 g/kg/bw/day of bromopropylate for 30 days. A second group received 2 g/kg/day for 4 days, then 0.5 g/kg for a further 26 days. Diarrhea and vomiting occurred in dogs of both groups. During the first week the food intake was decreased and body weight was lost or the gain in weight was below normal. The results of a hematological examination were normal. Determination of organ weights did not indicate any dose-related changes. In both groups serum transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels were increased by treatment and cytoplasmic swelling and fine vacuolation of hepatocytes was found. No mature spermatoza were found in male animals but this may have been due to the age of the animals.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for BROMOPROPYLATE (26 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Used as an acaricide for control of a wide variety of mites on citrus and deciduous fruit; Not currently registered with the EPA for use in the US; [HSDB]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

For bromopropylate (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 028802) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Acaricide

Controls a wide variety of mites on citrus and deciduous fruit.

Bromopropylate is produced by esterification of 4,4'-dibromobenzilic acid with 2-propanol.

Preparation FR 1504969; K Gubler, US 3639446 (1967, 1972 to Geigy).

An emusifiable concentrate: 'Neoron 250'/'Acarol 250' & 'Neoron 500'/'Acarol 500' (250 & 500 ai, respectively)

Purity: (technical material) Minimum 88% isopropyl-4,4' dibromobenzilate. Maximum 12% by-products of manufacture: isopropyl-4-bromobenzoate; isopropyl ether of isopropyl-4,4' dibromobenzilate; isopropyl-4-bromobenzilate; isopropyl-alpha,alpha-bis (4-bromophenyl); acetate; toluene.

Environmental transformation -> Pesticides (parent, predecessor)

Acaricides

It was introduced in 1966 by JR Geigy SA (now Ciba-Geigy AG) as exptl acaricide under code number 'gs 19851', trade marks 'Neoron' & 'Acarol' & protection of Belgian patent 691105; Swiss patent 471065. It was described by H Grob et al, Abstr Int Plant Prot Congr, 6th, 1967, page 198.

Contact acaricide having considerable residual action. Effective against mites which have developed resistance to certain other acaricides. Recommended on pome & stone fruit, citrus, hops, strawberries, cucumbers, melons, beans, tomatoes, cotton and ornamentals at 37.5 to 60 g ai/100 L; field crops 500 to 1000 g ai/ha.