Dichlorphenamide

0.2

0.92

NEEDLES FROM DIMETHYLSULFOXIDE + WATER

WHITE OR NEARLY WHITE, CRYSTALLINE POWDER

PRACTICALLY INSOL IN WATER; SOL IN ALKALINE SOLN

FREELY SOL IN PYRIDINE & IN 1 N NAOH; SOL IN ALCOHOL; SOL IN 2 N SODIUM CARBONATE; SLIGHTLY SOL IN ETHER

3.98e-01 g/L

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

Pharmaceuticals

239-241 °C

228.7 °C

Warning

H315 (50%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P203, P264, P264+P265, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P318, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Hazard Traits - Developmental Toxicity

1,3-Benzenedisulfonamide, 4,5-dichloro-: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

CALCULUS FORMATION & URETERAL COLIC HAVE BEEN ATTRIBUTED TO MARKED REDN IN URINARY CITRATE...ASSOC WITH EITHER NO CHANGE OR EVEN RISE IN URINARY CALCIUM. ...DEPRESSES UPTAKE OF IODINE BY THYROID GLAND. /ACETAZOLAMIDE/

WITH LARGE DOSES, MANY PT EXHIBIT DROWSINESS & PARESTHESIAS. IN HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS, EPISODES OF DISORIENTATION MAY BE INDUCED. ... HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS ARE RELATIVELY RARE. THEY CONSIST IN FEVER, SKIN REACTIONS, BONE-MARROW DEPRESSION, & SULFONAMIDE-LIKE RENAL LESIONS. /CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS/

LESS FREQUENT UNTOWARD REACTIONS INCL FATIGUE, EXCITEMENT, & GI REACTIONS. /CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS/

GI DISTURBANCES...ANOREXIA, NAUSEA, VOMITING, DIARRHEA, WT LOSS, ALTERED TASTE & SMELL, CONSTIPATION, DRYNESS OF MOUTH, EXCESSIVE THIRST...ABDOMINAL DISTENTION...PARESTHESIA...NUMBNESS & TINGLING SENSATION...IN EXTREMITIES, TONGUE, &/OR MUCOCUTANEOUS JUNCTIONS OF LIPS OR ANUS /ADVERSE EFFECT, ORAL/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for DICHLORPHENAMIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank 2.0)

Dichlorphenamide

vNo-DILI-concern

0

No match

DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015

S - Sensory organs

QS - Sensory organs

Dichlorphenamide is an oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor indicated for adjunctive treatment of: chronic simple (open-angle) glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and preoperatively in acute angle-closure glaucoma where delay of surgery is desired in order to lower intraocular pressure. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors reduce intraocular pressure by partially suppressing the secretion of aqueous humor (inflow).

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors reduce intraocular pressure by partially suppressing the secretion of aqueous humor (inflow), although the mechanism by which they do this is not fully understood. Evidence suggests that HCO^3- ions are produced in the ciliary body by hydration of carbon dioxide under the influence of carbonic anhydrase and diffuse into the posterior chamber which contains more Na⁺ and HCO^3- ions than does plasma and consequently is hypertonic. Water is then attracted to the posterior chamber by osmosis, resulting in a drop in pressure.

PHOSPHATURIA MAY BE RELATED TO DIRECT STIMULATION...OF CYCLIC ADENOSINE 3',5'-MONOPHOSPHATE...PRODN BY KIDNEY. ...DRUG ACTS SIMILARLY TO PARATHYROID HORMONE IN ENHANCING URINARY EXCRETION OF PHOSPHATE & CYCLIC AMP, IN CONTRAST TO ITS ANTAGONISM OF ACTION OF HORMONE ON BONE. /ACETAZOLAMIDE/

...INHIBITION OF...CARBONIC ANHYDRASE. ...IS NONCOMPETITIVE. ...ENZYME IS NORMALLY PRESENT IN TISSUES IN HUGE EXCESS. MORE THAN 99% OF ENZYME ACTIVITY IN KIDNEY MUST BE INHIBITED BEFORE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS BECOME APPARENT. ENZYME...IS DOMINANT TISSUE COMPONENT TO WHICH INHIBITORS BECOME BOUND. /ACETAZOLAMIDE/

/CHANGES IN URINE/...MAY BE ATTRIBUTED TO INHIBITION OF (+)H SECRETION BY RENAL TUBULE. ... CURRENT EVIDENCE INDICATES GREATER EFFECT ON PROXIMAL THAN ON DISTAL TUBULE, WITH LITTLE OR NO EFFECT ON ASCENDING LIMB. ...PHOSPHATURIA...USED AS INDEX OF LOCALIZING DIURETIC ACTION... /ACETAZOLAMIDE/

...INCR URINARY EXCRETION OF BICARBONATE & FIXED CATION, MOSTLY SODIUM. AS RESULT, CONCN OF BICARBONATE IN EXTRACELLULAR FLUID DECR & METABOLIC ACIDOSIS RESULTS. ...RENAL RESPONSE TO ACETAZOLAMIDE IS GREATLY REDUCED.../BUT/ DIURETIC RESPONSE IS ENHANCED. /ACETAZOLAMIDE/

DRUG LOWERS INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE BY REDUCING RATE OF SECRETION OF AQ HUMOR.

VVJ6673MHY

DICHLORPHENAMIDE

Established Pharmacologic Class [EPC] - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

Mechanisms of Action [MoA] - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Chemical Structure [CS] - Sulfonamides

Dichlorphenamide is a Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of dichlorphenamide is as a Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor.