Basic information
- CAS
22537-48-0- Standard SMILES
[Cd+2]- InChIKey
WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N- Molecular formula
- Cd+2
- Average molar mass
- 112.41 g/mol
- Monoisotopic mass
- 113.903365
Names & identifiers
- Preferred name
- Cadmium cation
- IUPAC
- cadmium(2+)
Names & synonyms
Cadmium ionCadmium(2+)Cadmium cationCadmium(2+) ionCadmium, ion (Cd2+)T494FZ4G8G22537-48-0CHEBI:48775DTXSID60177060RefChem:1080612DTXCID7099551CHEBI:63063
Show more names
GlucozymeCd(2+)Cadmium ionsCadmium(2+)ionsCadmium, ion(Cd2+)UNII-T494FZ4G8GCadmium elementalcadmium(II)
Database identifiers
- CAS
22537-48-0、7440-43-9- PubChem CID
- 31193
- DTXSID
DTXSID60177060- ChEBI
CHEBI:48775- UNII
- T494FZ4G8G
- Nikkaji
- J3.791.046E
Properties
Computed structural properties
- Topological polar surface area
- 0 Ų
- Hydrogen bond donors
- 0
- Hydrogen bond acceptors
- 0
- Rotatable bonds
- 0
- Heavy atoms
- 1
- Formal charge
- 2
- Complexity
- 0
Experimental & physicochemical properties
Melting Point321 °C
Physical DescriptionSolid
Safety & regulation
Safety & protection
Minimum Risk LevelAcute Inhalation: 0.00003 mg/m3 (L134)
Chronic Inhalation: 0.00001 mg/m3 (L134)
Intermediate Oral: 0.0005 mg/kg/day (L134)
Chronic Oral: 0.0001 mg/kg/day (L134)
Toxicology
TreatmentCadmium poisoning is treated by removal from exposure and supportive care. If ingested, induced vomiting or gastric lavage may be performed. (L139)
Health EffectsChronic exposure to cadmium fumes can cause chemical pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, and lung diseases such as bronchitis and emphysema. Cadmium also accumulates in the kidneys, causing permanent damage. Loss of bone density also occurs. (L6)
Exposure RoutesOral (L6) ; inhalation (L6) ; dermal (L6)
Toxicity Summary
Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and is transported to the kidney. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Accumulation of cadmium in the kidney results in increased excretion of vital low and high molecular weight proteins. Cadmium is a high affinity zinc analog and can interfere in its biological processes. It also binds to and activates the estrogen receptor, likely stimulating the growth of certain types of cancer cells and causing other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. Cadmium causes cell apoptosis by activating mitogen-activated protein kinases. (L8, A18, A19, A28)
Signs and SymptomsAcute inhalation of cadmium fumes results in metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Ingestion of cadmium causes vomiting and diarrhea. (L6)
Carcinogen Classification1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)
Chemistry & industry
Pharmacology
Metabolism/Metabolites
Cadmium is absorbed from oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and albumin and is transported mainly to the kidney and liver. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Cadmium is not known to undergo any direct metabolic conversion and is excreted unchanged, mainly in the urine. (L6)
Uses & manufacturing
Uses
Cadmium is used mainly in the electroplating of other metals and the production of metal alloys. It can be found in batteries, pigments, metal coatings, and plastics. Exposure usually occurs in an industrial setting, but can also result from breathing cigarette smoke and eating contaminated foods. (L6)
Related reactions
10 records
Compound notes
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