Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) Phosphate

Other Classes -> Organophosphates, Other

Carcinogens

log Kow = 4.29

4.29

3.71

2.27 at 77 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

2.27 at 25 °C

Bulk density: 18.5 lb/gal

Relative density (water = 1): 2.27

Viscous, pale yellow liquid

Dense, nearly colorless liquid

Crystals

less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

In water, 8 mg/L at 24 °C

Miscible with carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and methylene chloride

Soluble in chloroform

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.063

greater than 234 °F (NTP, 1992)

>112 °C

>110 °C

When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /bromides/ and /phosphorus oxides/.

200 °C. This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen bromide and phosphorus oxides. Reacts with acids and bases.

FP: 5.5 °C

5.5 °C

Danger

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P203, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P318, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 42 reports by companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P273, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: 1-Propanol, 2,3-dibromo-, phosphate (3:1)

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity

Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 (amended)

S - indicates a substance that is identified in a final Significant New Use Rule.

Restricted substance: Tris (2,3 dibromopropyl) phosphate

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992)

Combustible under specific conditions.

Combustible

May be flammable when exposed to heat or flame.

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound include gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, central nervous system depression testicular atrophy, chronic lung disease, kidney damage and liver damage. It can cause eye irritation and severe skin irritation. It can also cause skin sensitization.

Probably carcinogenic to humans; [ICSC] Causes eye and severe skin irritation; Oral LD50 (rat) = 1010 mg/kg; Percutaneous LD50 (rabbit) >8000 mg/kg; [HSDB] An eye and strong skin irritant; May cause skin sensitization; May cause liver and kidney injury; Can be absorbed through skin; [CAMEO] Effects in acute, high-dose animal studies include kidney and liver damage; Has a low skin sensitization potential; [Reference #1] A skin irritant; [MSDSonline]

Bioassay of Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate for Possible Carcinogenicity (1978) Technical Rpt Series No. 76 DHEW Pub No. (NIH) 78-1326, U.S. Department of Health Education and Welfare, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20014

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services/National Toxicology Program; Twelfth Report on Carcinogens (2011). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Tris(2,3-dibromo-1-propyl) phosphate (126-72-7) is listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen and was first listed in the Second Annual Report on Carcinogens (1981).[Available from, as of November 11, 2013: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/]

U235; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when 1-propanol, 2,3-dibromo-, phosphate, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use water in large amounts, foam, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practicable to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, explosion-proof refrigerator, or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... . Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air, ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms. ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal. ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately .... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... . Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bags, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated. ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/month) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U235, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds, & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... Summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter, & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for TRIS(2,3-DIBROMO-1-PROPYL) PHOSPHATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit and filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering, & overshoes. ... Clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for TRIS(2,3-DIBROMO-1-PROPYL) PHOSPHATE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EC50; Species: Scenedesmus abundans (Green Algae) 10+4 cells/mL; Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C; Concentration: 3100 ug/L for 96 hr; Effect: growth, general /97% purity/

EC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) fingerling; Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 7.0-7.2, hardness 40-48 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 32-38 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 2076 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 1653-2496 ug/L); Effect: behavior, decreased equilibrium /formulated product/

EC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) fingerling; Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 7.0-7.2, hardness 40-48 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 32-38 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 1323 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 1214-1499 ug/L); Effect: behavior, decreased equilibrium /formulated product/

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) fingerling; Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 7.0-7.2, hardness 40-48 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 32-38 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 2530 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 2110-3040 ug/L) /formulated product/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for TRIS(2,3-DIBROMO-1-PROPYL) PHOSPHATE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 9700(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tris(2,3-dibromo-1-propyl) phosphate is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of tris(2,3-dibromo-1-propyl) phosphate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 2.25X10-4 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 8 mg/L(4). Tris(2,3-dibromo-1-propyl) phosphate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization from moist soil(SRC). A 2% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(5) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 9700(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tris(2,3-dibromo-1-propyl) phosphate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.25X10-4 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 8 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 and 38 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 49 months if adsorption is considered(6). According to a classification scheme(7), a reported BCF of 2.75 in fathead minnow(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Although hydrolysis of tris(2,3-dibromo-1-propyl) phosphate is not expected to be an important fate process, hydrolysis involving the bromides on the propyl groups may occur, especially under basic conditions(9). A 2% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(10) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).[

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), tris(2,3-dibromo-1-propyl) phosphate, which has a vapor pressure of 2.25X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase tris(2,3-dibromo-1-propyl) phosphate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 13 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Tris(2,3-dibromo-1-propyl) phosphate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from, as of November 11, 2013: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=126-72-7]

Studies conducted on polyester and cellulose acetate fabrics treated with tris(2,3-dibromo-1-propyl) phosphate have shown that it can leach into wash and rinse water during laundering. When sheets treated with tris(2,3-dibromo-1-propyl) phosphate were washed, up to 6 mg/L were found in the combined wash and rinse water(1).

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning ... /cytogenetic and/or other/ tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of tris(2,3-dibromo-1-propyl) phosphate can be estimated to be 9700(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that tris(2,3-dibromo-1-propyl) phosphate is expected to be immobile in soil.

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Tris(2,3-dibromo-1-propyl) phosphate was identified, not quantified, in Arkansas air particulate(1).

SOURCE DOMINATED: Tris(2,3-dibromo-1-propyl) phosphate was detected in 5 of 10 air samples collected on plant property of two industrial organo-bromine synthesis facilities in Dec 1976 and Sept 1977 at concentrations ranging from 44 to 85 ng/cu m(1).

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In ... study with undiluted tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate, /skin/ sensitization reactions occurred in 8/24 subjects; with a concn of 20% in petroleum jelly, 2/25 subjects were sensitized.

/GENOTOXICITY/ Exposure to concn of 2 uL tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate per mL growth medium for 4.5 hr induced repairable lesions (single strand breaks) in DNA of human cells (KB) in culture, as evidenced by a lowering of the sedimentation rate in alkaline sucrose gradients ... .

/GENOTOXICITY/ The cmpd is suspected to cause heritable mutations in humans ... . The eventual incidence of tris(2,3-dibromo-1-propyl) phosphate (Tris) related cancer has been variously estimated as 25 to 17,000 cases of cancer per million male children exposed to Tris treated clothing for 1 year.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ The routes of potential human exposure to tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate are inhalation, dermal contact, and ingestion. Because tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate is no longer reported to be produced in the United States, the potential for exposure should be small. The chemical was widely used in children's sleepwear and mattresses in the past.

U235; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when 1-propanol, 2,3-dibromo-, phosphate, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

When a dose of 100 mg/animal was applied to the shaven skin of a male Lewis rat, a metabolic hydrolysis product, 2,3-dibromopropanol, was detected in free and conjugated form in the urine for several days.

Oxidative metab of the flame retardant tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate by rat liver microsomes yields a mutagenic metabolite. One possibility is o-dealkylation to 2,3-dibromopropionaldehyde, a known alkylating agent.

Six metabolites, products of dealkylation & dehydrobromination of tris-bp admin iv & orally to rats, were identified in urine & bile, & also formed in vitro by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent microsomal enzymes from rat liver. Major metabolite was bis(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate, others were tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate; 2,3-dibromopropanol; 2-bromo-2-propenyl; 2,3-dibromopropyl phosphate; bis(2-bromo-2-propenyl)phosphate; 2,3-dibromopropyl phosphate; & 2-bromo-2-propenyl phosphate.

The potent mutagen 2-bromacrolein is formed from the carcinogenic flame retardant tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate (tris-bp) on incubation with hepatic microsomes. Substitution of deuterium for hydrogen at the terminal carbon atoms (C-3) of tris-bp significantly decreased both the mutagenic response and the formation rate of 2-bromoacrolein. Mass spectral analysis of the 2-bromoacrolein that was formed from the selectively deuterated analogs of tris-bp revealed that the primary mechanism for the formation of 2-bromoacrolein involves an initial oxidative dehalogenation at C-3 followed by a beta-elimination reaction.

For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for TRIS(2,3-DIBROMO-1-PROPYL) PHOSPHATE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Approx 180 ug/day (9 ug/kg body wt) tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate is absorbed through the skin of children wearing polyester pajamas /treated with tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate/.

The metabolism and disposition of the flame retardant, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate (Tris-BP), were studied after po and iv administration of the (14)C-labeled compound to the male rat. Tris-BP was readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and rapidly distributed throughout the body. The distribution and excretion of Tris-BP derived radioactivity were similar after either po or iv administration. The only effects of route of administration on tissue distribution were slightly higher concentrations in liver after po administration and in lung after iv administration. The initial elimination of Tris-BP derived radioactivity in urine, feces, and as CO2 accounted for approximately 50% of the dose in 24 hr. An analysis of Tris-BP derived radioactivity remaining in the tissues one day after administration indicated that most of the radioactivity in all tissues was in the form of various metabolites rather than the parent compound. The terminal clearance of Tris-BP derived radioactivity from most of the tissues studied was best described by a single component exponential decay with a half-life of approximately 2.5 days. Clearance from liver and kidney was somewhat slower having a half-life of approximately 3.8 days. Approximately 33% of the radioactivity excreted in urine and approximately 50% of the radioactivity excreted in bile were identified by cochromatography with synthesized standards on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Six metabolites and a trace of the parent compound were identified in urine and bile by this method. The six metabolites products of dealkylation and dehydrobromination of the parent compound. The metabolites of Tris-BP isolated from urine and bile were also formed in vitro by NADPH-dependent microsomal enzymes from rat liver. The soluble enzymes from liver metabolized Tris-BP to at least three unidentified polar metabolites.

Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate was absorbed from the digestive system of male weanling rats fed 100 and 1000 mg/kg of diet for 28 days. Dose related bromine concn were detected ... in muscle, liver, and fat after 28 days' feeding; these concn were reduced to control levels 6 wk after admin of cmpd was discontinued. The absorption of tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate was dose dependent in rabbits that received daily skin applications of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg of diet, as shown by incr blood bromide levels.

From 1972 to 1976, a significant number of infants and children were possibly exposed to tris(2,3-dibromo-1-propyl) phosphate (TRIS) mainly through skin absorption and occasionally through ingestion from oral contact with TRIS treated garments.

For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for TRIS(2,3-DIBROMO-1-PROPYL) PHOSPHATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Used as flame retardant (rigid foams, clear cast acrylic sheet, lacquers, styrene-butadiene rubber, latex rubber, cured unsaturated polyesters, and plastics); From 1972-1976, infants and children were exposed by skin absorption and ingestion to TRIS treated garments; [HSDB]

Banned for use in the US in 1977; [HSDB]

Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides) [Category: Paint]

/SRP: former uses:/ it has ... been recommended for use in phenolic resins, paints, paper coatings & rubber. Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate is used mainly in polyester & cellulosic acetate fabrics, but it has also been used in acrylic fabrics. It may be added to textiles by the producer, although addn by dyers & finishers is believed to be more usual, at a level of 6-10% by wt. Its addn to polyurethane foams is the major use in plastics; relatively small amounts are believed to be used as an additive to polystyrene foam. Rigid foams containing tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate are used in insulation, furniture, automobile interior parts & water floatation devices.

tris(2,3-dibromo-1-propyl) phosphate (TRIS) is no longer used in the United States. Major uses for TRIS were in plastics & ... flame retardant additive used in children's nightwear. Other applications included the treatment of ... packaging, draperies, institutional bedding, toys, doll clothing, & wigs.

Flame-retardant for plastics and synthetic fibers. /Former/

(1977) AT LEAST 4.99X10+7 G

Production of tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate in the US in 1975 was estimated to be between 4,100 and 5,400 tons. There are no reports of current production anywhere other than for research purposes.

A 2 step process in which bromine is added to allyl alcohol and the resultant 2,3-dibromopropanol is reacted with phosphorus oxychloride ... (possibly in the presence of an aluminum chloride catalyst).

Preparation: G. E. Walter, I. Hornstein, USA patent 2574515 (1951 to Glenn L Martin Co); D. E. Overbeek, R. C. Nametz, USA patent 3046297 (1962 to Michigan Chem Co); R. W. Rimmer, USA patent 3223755 (1965 to DuPont). Use in flameproofing: W. D. Paist, N. Van Gorder, USA patent 2662834 (1953 to Celanese).

1-Propanol, 2,3-dibromo-, 1,1',1''-phosphate: ACTIVE

Commercial production of tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate in the US was first reported in 1959.

As a result of actions taken on 8 April and 1 June 1977, the USA Consumer Product Safety Commission banned children's clothing treated with tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, the chemical itself when used or intended to be used in children's clothing and fabric, yarn, or fiber containing it when intended for use in such clothing.

All domestic production of /tris(2,3-dibromo-1-propyl) phosphate/ was banned in 1978.

Thermal oxidative degradation of tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate resulted in hydrogen halides & halogenated C2- & C3-species.