Propamocarb

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Tolerances are established for the residues of propamocarb, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities specified in the following table resulting from the application of the hydrochloride salt of propamocarb. Compliance with the following tolerance levels is to be determined by measuring only propamocarb (propyl N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbamate):[Table#8485]

Tolerances with regional registrations are established for the residues of propamocarb, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities specified in the following table resulting from the application of the hydrochloride salt of propamocarb. Compliance with the following tolerance levels is to be determined by measuring only propamocarb (propyl N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbamate): Commodity: Bean, lima, succulent, 2.0 parts per million.

Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166 (EU).

Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of '-oximes' has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally.

Twenty-four pesticides were tested for interactions with the estrogen receptor (ER) and the androgen receptor (AR) in transactivation assays. Estrogen-like effects on MCF-7 cell proliferation and effects on CYP19 aromatase activity in human placental microsomes were also investigated. Pesticides (endosulfan, methiocarb, methomyl, pirimicarb, propamocarb, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin, dimethoate, chlorpyriphos, dichlorvos, tolchlofos-methyl, vinclozolin, iprodion, fenarimol, prochloraz, fosetyl-aluminum, chlorothalonil, daminozid, paclobutrazol, chlormequat chlorid, and ethephon) were selected according to their frequent use in Danish greenhouses. In addition, the metabolite mercaptodimethur sulfoxide, the herbicide tribenuron-methyl, and the organochlorine dieldrin, were included. Several of the pesticides, dieldrin, endosulfan, methiocarb, and fenarimol, acted both as estrogen agonists and androgen antagonists. Prochloraz reacted as both an estrogen and an androgen antagonist. Furthermore, fenarimol and prochloraz were potent aromatase inhibitors while endosulfan was a weak inhibitor. Hence, these three pesticides possess at least three different ways to potentially disturb sex hormone actions. In addition, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, tolclofos-methyl, and tribenuron-methyl induced weak responses in one or both estrogenicity assays. Upon cotreatment with 17beta-estradiol, the response was potentiated by endosulfan in the proliferation assay and by pirimicarb, propamocarb, and daminozid in the ER transactivation assay. Vinclozolin reacted as a potent AR antagonist and dichlorvos as a very weak one. Methomyl, pirimicarb, propamocarb, and iprodion weakly stimulated aromatase activity. Although the potencies of the pesticides to react as hormone agonists or antagonists are low compared to the natural ligands, the integrated response in the organism might be amplified by the ability of the pesticides to act via several mechanism and the frequent simultaneous exposure to several pesticides.

Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Chronically high (>10 years) exposure leads to neuropsychological consequences including disturbances in perception and visuo-motor processing (A15321).

LC50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern Bobwhite Quail) age 10 days; diet >5200 ppm for 8 days /72.2% purity/

LD50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern Bobwhite Quail) age 1 yr; oral via capsule >2770 mg/kg for 8 days /72% purity/

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard Duck) age 8 days; diet >5200 ppm for 8 days /72.2% purity/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age <or=24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 106000 ugL for 48 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobilization /72% purity/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Propamocarb (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 100(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that propamocarb is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of propamocarb from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.48X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(3). Propamocarb is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 5.48X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). Propamocarb was not biodegraded in pure culture tests(4).

FIELD STUDY: Dissipation kinetics of two systemic fungicides, namely fluopicolide and propamocarb used as a combination formulation (Infinito 68.75 SC), were studied on tomato at four different locations by the All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues to recommend their pre-harvest interval (PHI) and to propose the maximum residue limits (MRL) for the two fungicides based on chronic hazard exposure assessment. The combination fungicide was sprayed thrice at the recommended dosage of 93.75 g a.i./ha fluopicolide and 937.50 g a.i./ha propamocarb as well as at double the recommended dosage of 187.50 g a.i./ha fluopicolide and 1875.0 g a.i./ha propamocarb on tomato crops and the residues were monitored periodically by GC-MS. The fungicides dissipated to below the limit of quantification (LOQ) within 10 to 15 days, with a half-life of 2-4 days for fluopicolide and 1-2 days for propamocarb. ...

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 100(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that propamocarb is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.48X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 2.5(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.12(6) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Propamocarb was not biodegraded in pure culture tests(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), propamocarb, which has a vapor pressure of 5.48X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase propamocarb is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). Propamocarb is stable to photolysis(2).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Propamocarb is a fungicide used as a soil and seed treatment, a dip treatment for bulbs and tubers, and a foliar fungicide. It should be used preventatively. Its spectrum of activity is confined to Oomycetes. HUMAN STUDIES: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: In mice treated with single iv dose of propamocarb hydrochloride 30 mg/kg b.w. it caused restlessness and increased motor activity. After 100 mg/kg b.w., additional symptoms such as irregular breathing and exophthalmos appeared. Death occurred at 175 mg/kg b.w. and above consequent to the development of clonic convulsions. No clinical signs of toxicity or abnormalities in normal reflexes and autonomic function were seen at 10 mg/kg b.w. or below. Dogs were fed the free base of propamocarb hydrochloride in the diet at 0, 50, 100, 500 or 1000 ppm for 90 days with the top dosage level being raised to 2000 ppm at week 7. Assay of plasma, erythrocyte and brain cholinesterase revealed no significant inhibition. Rabbits with skin sites exposed to propamocarb hydrochloride five hours/day for 28 consecutive days, had signs of local irritation including reddening, scabbing and thickening of the epithelium. Additionally, the abraded sites showed reactions such as swelling and induration. In rats the neoplastic changes demonstrated in males included increased occurrence of subcutaneous fibrosarcoma in the treated groups. The difference from concurrent controls was statistically significant at 40 ppm and 1000 ppm. In rabbits fetal weight was depressed at both 0.4 and 0.8 mL/kg b.w. In rats, retarded fetal development noted at and above 1 mL/kg b.w. A dosage level of 3 mL/kg b.w. was toxic to both mothers and fetuses in rats. In mice, propamocarb did not increase the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes, but decreased the polychromatic/normochromatic erythrocytes ratio. Propamocarb increased only gaps in total chromosome aberrations, but when gaps were excluded, there were no significant differences in total aberrations.

Propamocarb is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Carbamates form unstable complexes with chlolinesterases by carbamoylation of the active sites of the enzymes. This inhibition is reversible. A cholinesterase inhibitor suppresses the action of acetylcholine esterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholine esterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop.

As with organophosphates, the signs and symptoms are based on excessive cholinergic stimulation. Unlike organophosphate poisoning, carbamate poisonings tend to be of shorter duration because the inhibition of nervous tissue acetylcholinesterase is reversible, and carbamates are more rapidly metabolized. Muscle weakness, dizziness, sweating and slight body discomfort are commonly reported early symptoms. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Contraction of the pupils with blurred vision, incoordination, muscle twitching and slurred speech have been reported. (L795)

EPA has released the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays/[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of August 9, 2018: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of propamocarb can be estimated to be 100(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that propamocarb is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). A Koc of 309 was reported for propamocarb hydrochloride(3).

... Propamocarb HCl concentrations varied greatly among species; from 0.530 ug/kg in striped sea bream to 34.170 ug/kg in sea bass. The level of PBO ranged from 0.001 ug/kg for fourlined terapon to 0.013 ug/kg for sardine. No measurable oxamyl residue was found in any of the muscles of sampled fish species (except sardine). ... /Propamocarb hydrochloride/

Tolerances are established for the residues of propamocarb, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities specified in the following table resulting from the application of the hydrochloride salt of propamocarb. Compliance with the following tolerance levels is to be determined by measuring only propamocarb (propyl N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbamate):[Table#8486]

Tolerances with regional registrations are established for the residues of propamocarb, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities specified in the following table resulting from the application of the hydrochloride salt of propamocarb. Compliance with the following tolerance levels is to be determined by measuring only propamocarb (propyl N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbamate): Commodity: Bean, lima, succulent.

The Agency has determined that all uses of propamocarb hydrochloride, with modifications specified herein, and with the exception of the field-grown ornamental use plus the high volume/low pressure and hand dipping application scenarios, are eligible for reregistration. A decision on the field-grown ornamental use plus the high volume/low pressure and hand dipping application scenarios cannot be made at this time due to data deficiencies. The registrant has requested the Agency to remove the field-grown ornamental use from its registration. /Propamocarb hydrochloride/

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer safety standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. Propamocarb is found on List C. Case No: 3124; Pesticide type: fungicide; Case Status: RED Approved 09/95; OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): propamocarb propyl 3-(dimethylamino)propylcarbamate; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 10/29/91, 03/03/95, 10/11/95; AI Status: OPP has completed a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) for the case/AI.