HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemistry Print Report · For research reference only
Lithium Hydroxide
LiOH · ithium hydroxide · LithiuM hydroxide,anhydro · Lithium hydroxide ,99% [anhydrous] · "Lithium hydroxide, anhydrous/ 99%" · Lithium hydoxide · Lithium hydroxide · HEXANE, 95+%, PRA GRADE
Identifiers & Physical Properties
| CAS No. | 1310-65-2 |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | HLiO |
| Average molar mass | 24 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic mass | 24.0187442 g/mol |
| SMILES | [Li+].[OH-] |
| InChIKey | WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| PubChem CID | 3939 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:33979 |
| EC No. | 215-183-4 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID70893845 |
Chemical & Physical Properties
| Topological polar surface area | 1 |
|---|---|
| Hydrogen bond donors | 1 |
| Hydrogen bond acceptors | 1 |
| Rotatable bonds | 0 |
| Heavy atoms | 2 |
| Formal charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 2 |
| Chemical classes | Other Classes -> Bases |
| Polymers | Plastics -> N.a. |
| Cosmetics | BufferingHair waving or straightening |
| Density | 2.54 g/cm³1.45 @25 °C1.43 |
| Solubility | Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 12.8 (good)water: soluble71g/L at 20°C113 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Boiling point | 1626 °C @760 [mm Hg]925°C |
| Decomposition | 924 °C |
| Melting point | 450-471 °C473 °C470 °C (dec.) (lit.) |
| Vapor pressure | Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: (negligible) |
| Food Contact Substances | FCS -> FDA Inventory of Food Contact Substances Listed in 21 CFR |
| Physical Description | Lithium hydroxide, solution appears as a clear to water-white liquid which may have a pungent odor. Contact may cause severe irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. It may be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. It is used to make other chemicals.Large CrystalsWet SolidDry PowderWhite crystals or granular powder[AIHA] Readily absorbs carbon dioxide and water from air[Merck Index] White odorless granulesHygroscopic[Alfa Aesar MSDS]COLOURLESS-TO-WHITE HYGROSCOPIC CRYSTALS. |
| Bulk density | 550kg/m3 |
| Storage conditions | Store below +30°C. |
| pKa (acidity coefficient) | 14[at 20 ℃] |
| Physical state | Solid |
| Specific gravity | 2.54 |
| Color | White to light yellow |
| Odor | odorless |
| pH | 12 (50g/l, H2O, 50℃) |
| Specific heat capacity | Cp(crystal): 2.07 J/(g·K)Cp(gas): 1.92 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Sensitivity | Air Sensitive & Hygroscopic |
| Merck | 14,5534 |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with moisture. strong acids, carbon dioxide. |
| Cosmetics Ingredients Functions | HAIR WAVING OR STRAIGHTENINGBUFFERING |
| InChI | 1S/Li.H2O/h1H2/q+1/p-1 |
| InChIKey | WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| SMILES | [Li+].[OH-] |
| Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances | LITHIUM HYDROXIDE |
| FDA 21 CFR | 175.390 |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 1310-65-2(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| FDA UNII | 903YL31JAS |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Lithium hydroxide(1310-65-2) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Lithium hydroxide (1310-65-2) |
| UNSPSC Code | 12352305 |
| NACRES | NA.24 |
| GHS pictogram | GHS05,GHS06,GHS08 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS hazard statements | H301+H331-H314-H360-H370 |
| GHS precautionary statements | P501-P260-P270-P202-P201-P271-P264-P280-P308+P311-P303+P361+P353-P301+P330+P331-P363-P301+P310+P330-P304+P340+P310-P305+P351+P338+P310-P403+P233-P405 |
| Hazard symbols | C |
| Risk statements (R) | 52/53-35-20/22-22-34-23 |
| Safety statements (S) | 45-36/37/39-26-22 |
| UN transport number | UN 2679 8/PG II/III (LITHIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION) |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 1 |
| RTECS number | OJ6307070 |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| Hazard class | 8Acute Tox. 4 OralEye Dam. 1Skin Corr. 1B |
| Packing group | II |
| Customs code | 28252010 |
| Storage class | 8A - Combustible corrosive hazardous materials |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 210 mg/kg |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| Limited quantities | 1 Kg (2.2 lbs) (solid) |
| Excepted quantities | Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (500g or 500ml) |
Safety & Regulations
| GHS classification | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 9.7% (95 of 980) of reports.DangerH301 (12.6%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 980 reports by companies from 28 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies. |
|---|---|
| Regulatory information | Chemical: Lithium hydroxide (Li(OH))Lithium hydroxide (Li(OH)) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Lithium hydroxide (Li(OH)) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 17-02-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14855Lithium hydroxide: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard |
| Other safety information | IMAP assessments - Lithium hydroxide: Human health tier II assessment |
| DOT label | Corrosive |
| Fire hazards | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.Not combustible. |
| Health hazards | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVEinhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. |
| Hazards summary | Corrosive to skin[Quick CPC] High inhalation exposure can cause pulmonary edema[ICSC] Causes abnormal liver function test results in animal experiments[RTECS] See Lithium oxide. |
| DOT ID and guide | 2680 1542679 154 |
| Reactive group | Bases, Strong |
| UN classification | UN Hazard Class: 8UN Pack Group: II |
| Reactivity Alerts | Known Catalytic Activity |
| Reactivity Profile | LITHIUM HYDROXIDE, SOLUTION neutralizes acids exothermically to form salts plus water. Reacts with certain metals (such as aluminum and zinc) to form oxides or hydroxides of the metal and generate gaseous hydrogen. May initiate polymerization reactions in polymerizable organic compounds, especially epoxides. May generate flammable and/or toxic gases with ammonium salts, nitrides, halogenated organics, various metals, peroxides, and hydroperoxides. May serve as a catalyst. Reacts when heated above about 84 °C with aqueous solutions of reducing sugars other than sucrose, to evolve toxic levels of carbon monoxide [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995]. |
| Chemical Dangers | Decomposes on heating above 924 °C . This produces toxic fumes. The solution in water is a strong base. It reacts violently with acid and is corrosive to aluminium, tin and zinc. This produces flammable/explosive gas (hydrogen - see ICSC 0001). Reacts with strong oxidants. |
| Fire fighting | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. |
| First aid measures | Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower for at least 15 minutes. Refer immediately for medical attention.Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention. |
| Accidental release measures | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. |
| First aid | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:General First Aid: |
| Safe storage | Separated from food and feedstuffs, strong oxidants and strong acids. Store only in original container. Dry. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. |
| Exposure control and personal protection | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). |
| Nonfire spill response | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
| Spillage disposal | Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered plastic containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:Immediate precautionary measure |
| Eye Prevention | Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. |
| Inhalation Risk | Evaporation at 20 °C is negligiblea harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed. |
| Skin Prevention | Protective gloves. Protective clothing. |
| Adverse effects | Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin |
| Exposure routes | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion. Serious local effects by all routes of exposure. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing.Redness. Pain. Serious skin burns. Blisters.Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe deep burns.Abdominal pain. Burning sensation in the throat and chest. Nausea. Vomiting. Shock or collapse. |
| ICSC Environmental Data | This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to aquatic organisms. |
| Toxicity Data | LC50 (rat) = 960 mg/m3/4hr |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 1 |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| RTECS number | OJ6307070 |
| UN transport number | UN 2680 8/PG II (LITHIUM HYDROXIDE) |
| Customs code | 28252010 |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 210 mg/kg |
| Risk statements (R) | 52/53-35-20/22-22-34-23 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS pictogram | GHS05,GHS06,GHS08 |
| Hazard symbols | C |
| Safety statements (S) | 45-36/37/39-26-22 |
| Hazard class | 8Acute Tox. 4 OralEye Dam. 1Skin Corr. 1B |
| Storage class | 8A - Combustible corrosive hazardous materials |
| Packing group | II |
| GHS hazard statements | H301+H331-H314-H360-H370 |
| Limited quantities | 1 Kg (2.2 lbs) (solid) |
| Excepted quantities | Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (500g or 500ml) |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| GHS precautionary statements | P501-P260-P270-P202-P201-P271-P264-P280-P308+P311-P303+P361+P353-P301+P330+P331-P363-P301+P310+P330-P304+P340+P310-P305+P351+P338+P310-P403+P233-P405 |
Applications & Uses
Uses
Lithium hydroxide is used as an electrolyte in certain alkaline storage batteries; and in the production of lithium soaps. Other uses of this compound include its catalytic applications in esterification reactions in the production of alkyd resins; in photographic developer solutions; and as a starting material to prepare other lithium salts.
Uses
The compound is soluble in water. The compound is used in the formulation of lithium soaps used in multipurpose greases; also in the manufacture of various lithium salts; and as an additive to the electrolyte of alkaline storage batteries. LiOH also is an efficient, light-weight absorbent for carbon dioxide.
Uses
Lithium hydroxide is used as a heat transfer medium, as a storage-battery electrolyte and also used for the production of lithium greases. It is also used in ceramics, in some portland cement formulations, in the absoption of carbondioxide from sealed enviornments such as submarines, spacecrafts and breathing apparatus. It is used in esterification reactions, as stabilizer in photographic developments and as a coolant in pressurized water reactors for corrosion control.
Uses
Lithium hydroxide is an alkali metal hydroxide that is used in storage batteries and soaps and as CO2 absorber in spacecrafts.
General Description
Lithium hydroxide, solution appears as a clear to water-white liquid which may have a pungent odor. Contact may cause severe irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. It may be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. It is used to make other chemicals.
Preparation & Synthesis
Preparation
Lithium hydroxide is prepared by the reaction of lithium carbonate with calcium hydroxide: Li2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 → 2LiOH + CaCO3 Calcium carbonate is filtered out and the solution is evaporated and crystallized. The product obtained is the monohydrate, LiOH•H2O. The anhydrous compound is obtained by heating the hydrate above 100°C in vacuum or carbon dioxide-free air. The hydroxide also may be prepared by treating lithium oxide with water.