Propazine

Pesticide -> EPA IRIS

Herbicides

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved

Pesticides -> Herbicides, Triazine

Pesticides -> Herbicides

Pesticide

log Kow = 2.93

2.93

3.09

1.162 g/cu cm at 20 °C

1.162 g/cm³

Colorless powder

Crystals

6.2 benzene; 6.2 toluene; 2.5 carbon tetrachloride; 5 diethyl ether (all in g/kg at 20 °C

Difficult to dissolve in organic solvents

In water, 8.6 mg/L at 22 °C

Solubility in water at 22 °C: very poor

229.7 °C

213 °C

0.00000013 [mmHg]

1.31X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C

negligible

Warning

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

P203, P273, P280, P318, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Warning

H351 (100%): Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

P203, P273, P280, P318, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Hazard Traits - Developmental Toxicity; Reproductive Toxicity

2002/2076

Status: Active Update: 14-09-2010 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/10793

Propazine: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

An eye irritant; [ICSC] A mild skin, eye, and upper respiratory tract irritant; [HSDB] For the triazine herbicides, systemic toxicity unlikely unless large amounts are ingested; May cause irritation; [EPA Pesticides, p. 121]

The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of propazine stem from its toxicologic properties. Toxic by all routes (ie, inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact), exposure to this colorless powder may occur from its maufacture and use as an herbicide. Effects from exposure may include shortness of breath, muscle spasms, ataxia, and anorexia. In activities and situations where over exposure may occur, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus and personal protective clothing. If contact should occur, immediately flush affected skin or eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes at the site. While propazine does not ignite easily, it may burn with the production of irritating and poisonous gases. For fires involving propazine, extinguish with dry chemical, CO2, Halon, water spray, fog, or standard foam. Propazine may be shipped domestically via air, rail, road, and water, in containers bearing the label "Poison". Small dry spills of propazine may be placed into a clean, dry, covered container for later disposal (liquid solutions are first absorbed in sand or other noncombustible absorbent). Large liquid spills should be diked far ahead to prevent propazine from entering water sources and sewers. Before implementing land disposal of propazine, consult with regulatory agencies for guidance.

USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Report of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) Tolerance Reassessment Progress and Risk Management Decision (TRED) for Propazine EPA 738-R-06-009 (April 2006). EPA issues a TRED for a pesticide that requires tolerance reassessment decisions, but does not require a reregistration eligibility decision at present because: the pesticide was initially registered after November 1, 1984, and by law is not included within the scope of the reregistration program; EPA completed a RED for the pesticide before FQPA was enacted on August 3, 1996; or the pesticide is not registered for use in the U.S. but tolerances are established that allow crops treated with the pesticide to be imported from other countries.[Available from, as of June 14, 2007: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm]

USEPA/Office of Pesticides Programs; Propazine: Revised HED Risk Assessment for the Tolerance Reassessment Eligibility Decision Document (TRED) which includes a New Use on Grain Sorghum. 55 p. (December 2005). Available at EPA-HQ-OPP-2005-0496-0004 in http://www.Regulations.gov as of June 11, 2007

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Propazine is included on this list.

Tolerances are established for negligible residues (N) of the herbicide propazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-s-triazine in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: [Table#3120]

The Agency has evaluated all existing tolerances for sorghum (forage, grain, stover, and sweet) and has determined that the available data provide adequate support to conclude that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm to the general population, infants, children, or any other population subgroup, will result from these tolerances. This decision does not include an assessment of dietary exposure from drinking water because propazine is not currently registered for use on sorghum in the United States and the only registered use for propazine in the United States (a non-food use on container-grown ornamentals in greenhouses) will not result in exposure from drinking water. There are also no residential uses registered for propazine so aggregate risk estimates are the same as those for dietary exposure from food. Dietary exposure to propazine from food was determined to be essentially zero, or less than 1% of the aPAD and cPAD, and not of concern to the Agency. Therefore, no mitigation measures are necessary at this time for the pesticide propazine.

Carc. 2 (100%)

Carc. 2 (100%)

Carcinogenicity - category 2

Serious eye damage/eye irritation - Category 2B

Carc. 2

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth.

This chemical is a combustible liquid. Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or alcohol foam extinguishers. Poisonous gases are produced in fire including nitrogen oxides and chlorine. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped in OSHA 1910.156.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itslef does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol foam", dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Triazine pesticide, solid NOS/

Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or disposal. ... Store product in original container only, away from other pesticides, fertilizer, food for feed. /Propazine 4L/

Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area out of reach of children and animals.

Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area after clean-up is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. If employees are required to clean-up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

PESTICIDE DISPOSAL: Wastes resulting from the use of this product may be dfsposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal facility. CONTAINER DISPOSAL: Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then offer for recycling or reconditioning or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill or incinerate if allowed by state and local authorities, by burning. If burned, stay out of smoke. /Propazine 4L/

This pesticide is toxic to aquatic invertebrates. Do not apply directly to water, to areas where surface water is present, or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. Do not apply when weather conditions favor drift from treated areas. Runoff and drift from treated areas may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring areas. Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment washwaters. /Propazine 4L/

Noncombustible containers should be crushed & buried under more than 40 cm of soil. /Herbicides/

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

USER SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS. Users should: 1. Wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco or using the toilet. 2. Remove clothing immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash thoroughly and put on clean clothing, 3. Users should remove PPE immediately after handling this product. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean clothing. /Propazine 4L/

Follow manufacturer's instructions for cleaning/maintaining PPE. If no such instructions for washables, use detergent and hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry. /Propazine 4L/

FIRST AID. IF SWALLOWED: Call a poison control center or doctor immediately for treatment advice. Have person sip a glass of water if able to swallow. Do not induce vomiting unless told to do so by a poison control center or doctor. Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. IF INHALED: Move person to fresh air. If person is not breathing, call 911 or an ambulance, then give artificial respiration ... . Call a poison control center or doctor for further treatment advice. IF ON SKIN OR CLOTHING: Take off contaminated clothing. Rinse skin immediately with plenty of water for 15-20 minutes. Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. IF IN EYES: Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water for 15-20 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present, after the first 5 minutes, then continue rinsing eye. Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. Have the product container or label with you when calling a poison control center or doctor, or going for treatment... /Propazine 4L/

Propazine can travel (seep or leach) through soil and can enter ground water which may be used as drinking water. ... This product must not be mixed or loaded within 50 ft. of intermittent streams and rivers, natural or impounded lakes and reservoirs. This product must not be applied aerially or by ground within 66 ft. of the points where surface water runoff enters perennial or Intermittent streams and rivers or within 200 ft. around natural or impounded lakes and reservoirs. If this product is applied to highly erodible land, the 66 ft. buffer or setback from runoff entry points must be planted to crop, seeded with grass or other suitable crop. This product must not be mixed/loaded, or used within 50 ft. of all wells including abandoned wells, drainage wells, and sink holes. Operations that involve mixing, loading, rinsing, or washing of this product into or from pesticide handling or application equipment or containers within 50 ft. /Propazine 4L/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PROPAZINE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50 Salmo gairdneri (rainbow trout) 18 mg/L for 96 hr /Technical; Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill sunfish) > 100 mg/L for 96 hr /Technical; Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 /Carassius auratus/ (Goldfish) >32.0 mg/L for 96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 /Colinus virginianus/ (Bobwhite quail) oral >10000 ppm (8 day diet) /Technical/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for PROPAZINE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Depending upon the region of the USA, soil treated with propazine may be planted to sorghum, corn, or cotton 12 months following application. Propazine will persist longer under dry & cold conditions or other conditions not conducive to chemical & biological degradation.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: THE LONG SOIL PERSISTENCE OF THESE CMPD DOES ... CREATE THE PROBLEM OF SOIL CARRY OVER, WHICH CAN DAMAGE SUCCEEDING CASH CROPS. THEREFORE EXTREME CAUTION MUST BE TAKEN IN THEIR APPLICATION ON CROPLAND TO AVOID SUCH INJURY TO FOLLOWING CROPS. /TRIAZINES/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 84-500 measured in 4 European soils(2), indicate that propazine is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of propazine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.6X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure, 1.31X10-7 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 8.6 mg/L(4). Propazine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). The half-lives for degradation (purportedly mainly soil-catalyzed hydrolysis) of propazine in Hatzenbuhl soil at pH 4.8 and Neuhofen soil at pH 6.5 are 62 and 127 days, respectively(5). Propazine was 36-64% degraded in a series of aerobic soil beds over a 54 week incubation period and 5.7-75% degraded in a series of anaerobic/aerobic cycled soil beds over a 54 week incubation period(6). The greatest amount of biodegradation occurred in beds that were treated with lime and organic matter(6).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: The field half-life of propazine is reported as 135 days(1). A decrease of the amount of inhibition of Italian ryegrass to below 20% inhibition of growth occurred within 4.5 to 25 weeks and in >60 weeks at application rates of 0.25 and 1-4 pounds/acre, respectively(2). Soil treated with propazine is suitable for the planting of sorghum, corn or cotton as soon as 12 months after application, depending upon the region of the US(3). The persistence of propazine in soil has been reported to be at least 2-3 years based upon reduced soybean yields observed after treatment at 4 pound/acre(4).

For more Environmental Fate (Complete) data for PROPAZINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

...In a goat metabolism study where [14C]propazine was administered orally to a lactating goat at 9.9 ppm (-20x the estimated dietary burden of 0.5 ppm) in the diet for seven consecutive days, total radioactive residues (TRR) were 0.080- 0.238 ppm in milk... . The parent propazine was not detected in goat milk... . The chlorometabolite G-28273 (DACT) was the principal residue identified in milk (63.4% TRR, 0.141 ppm)... . The metabolite G-30033 was identified in milk (9.4% TRR, 0.021 ppm) but not in tissues. The remaining radioactivity in goat milk and tissues was characterized to be comprised of up to six unknown metabolites. ...Each unknown accounted for <7% TRR in milk... .

Another goat metabolism study was performed using a radiolabeled hydroxymetabolite of propazine as the test substance. TRR were 0.025-0.029 ppm in milk ...The test substance, 2-hydroxypropazine, was the major residue identified in all matrices accounting for ...65.0-69.4% TRR (0.017-0.020 ppm) in milk. The only other metabolite identified was desisopropyl hydroxypropazine, which was detected in minor amounts ...8.2-8.5% TRR (0.002 ppm) in milk.

Propazine is a systemic herbicide that is usually applied to the soil, absorbed through leaves and roots, and acts by inhibiting photosynthesis within the targeted plant. It is used as a selective herbicide to control most annual grasses and broadleaf weeds before the weeds emerge or after removal of weed growth. Propazine is formulated as a flowable concentrate, is registered for use on container-grown ornamentals in greenhouses, and is to be applied through flood or drench nozzles only. ... Propazine has a low order of acute toxicity via the oral (Category IV), dermal (Category IV), and inhalation (Category III) routes of exposure. It is not an eye or skin irritant, or a dermal sensitizer. In a sub-chronic developmental study, incomplete or absent bone formation or ossification was observed in fetal rats following exposure of pregnant rats to propazine. These developmental effects are presumed to occur after a single exposure and are therefore appropriate for consideration in the acute exposure scenario for dietary risk from food. These adverse effects were the basis for identification of a developmental endpoint for acute dietary exposure to propazine in females ages 13 to 49. The corresponding highest dose or level of exposure at which these adverse effects were not observable in female rats ("no observed adverse effects level" or NOAEL) was 10 mg/kg/day. After subchronic and chronic exposure to propazine, a variety of species were shown to exhibit neuroendocrine effects resulting in both reproductive and developmental consequences that are considered relevant to humans. These neuroendocrine effects are biomarkers of a neuroendocrine mechanism of toxicity that is shared by several other structurally-related chlorinated triazines including atrazine, simazine, and three chlorinated degradates - G-28279 (des-isopropyl atrazine or DIA), and G-30033 (des-ethyl atrazine or DEA), and G-28273 (diaminochlorotriazine or DACT) - the latter two which can result from the degradation of propazine. These six compounds disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, part of the central nervous system, causing cascading changes to hormone levels and developmental delays. For propazine, a neuroendocrine endpoint was identified for chronic dietary exposure based on adverse effects of estrous cycle alterations and luteinizing hormone (LH) surge suppression observed in a LH surge study on female rats exposed to atrazine. The corresponding NOAEL was 1.8 mg/kg/day. ... Propazine's two chlorinated degradates, DEA and DACT, are considered to have toxicity equal to the parent compound in respect to their common neuroendocrine mechanism of toxicity. Another degradate, hydroxy-propazine, was identified, which is expected to have a different toxicological profile from propazine based on the toxicological data available for an analogous metabolite for atrazine, hydroxy-atrazine. ...

//BIRDS and MAMMALS/ TOXICOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS CONDUCTED WITH BOBWHITE QUAIL, MALLARD DUCKS ... HAVE SHOWN PROPAZINE TO HAVE A VERY LOW TOXICITY TO THESE SPECIES.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ TOXICOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS CONDUCTED WITH ... GOLDFISH, RAINBOW TROUT & BLUEGILL SUNFISH HAVE SHOWN PROPAZINE TO HAVE A VERY LOW TOXICITY TO THESE SPECIES.

Cough.

Redness. Pain.

Propazine was detected at a concn of 100 ppb in a sample of industrial effluent and at 1-7 ppb in the water of the river into which the effluent was discharged(1). It also was detected at 300, 3,000, and 2 ppm in the sediment of the river near the plant, 1.5 km downstream from the plant, and near a nearby dam, respectively(1).

Propazine

2 x 10 ^-2 mg/kg-day

Preliminary medical exam to detect chronic diseases of CNS, liver, heart, kidneys, lung & skin, as well as endocrinological or immunological disturbances, should ... /protect/ susceptible individuals. ... Periodical medical exam of internal organs, skin & eyes is important to avoid chronic occupational intoxications. It should include lab tests & patch tests if necessary. /Herbicides/

An avg Koc of 154 was calculated for propazine from 33 soils(1) and an avg Koc of 160 was calculated from 54 soils(2). The Koc of propazine in 4 European soils was measured in the range of 84-500(3). According to a classification scheme(4), this Koc data suggests that propazine is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

PROPAZINE IS READILY ADSORBED ON SOILS CONTAINING HIGH CLAY & ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT. ADSORPTION IS NOT IRREVERSIBLE & DESORPTION WILL OCCUR READILY, DEPENDING ON TEMP, MOISTURE, PH, ETC. ADSORPTION REACHES A MAX WHEN SOIL PH IS IN VICINITY OF PK VALUE OF PROPAZINE (1.85). PROPAZINE IS ADSORBED TO A LOWER EXTENT THAN MOST OTHER COMMERCIAL TRIAZINE HERBICIDES. LEACHING OF PROPAZINE IS LIMITED BY ITS ADSORPTION TO CERTAIN SOIL CONSTITUENTS & ITS LOW WATER SOLUBILITY.

Leaching studies for propazine performed on four soils under worst case conditions (30 cm columns leached with 20 in of water) for propazine indicate propazine's mobility in soil-water systems. In a loamy sand (0.7% OM), and a silt loam (2.4% OM), 82.5%, 18%, 69.5%, and 23.6% leached, respectively.

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Propazine is included on this list.

Tolerances are established for negligible residues (N) of the herbicide propazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-s-triazine in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: [Table#3120]

The Agency has evaluated all existing tolerances for sorghum (forage, grain, stover, and sweet) and has determined that the available data provide adequate support to conclude that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm to the general population, infants, children, or any other population subgroup, will result from these tolerances. This decision does not include an assessment of dietary exposure from drinking water because propazine is not currently registered for use on sorghum in the United States and the only registered use for propazine in the United States (a non-food use on container-grown ornamentals in greenhouses) will not result in exposure from drinking water. There are also no residential uses registered for propazine so aggregate risk estimates are the same as those for dietary exposure from food. Dietary exposure to propazine from food was determined to be essentially zero, or less than 1% of the aPAD and cPAD, and not of concern to the Agency. Therefore, no mitigation measures are necessary at this time for the pesticide propazine.

(ME) MAINE 14 ug/L

(FL) FLORIDA 10 ug/L

... Propazine has been grouped with several structurallyrelated, chlorinated triazines (e.g., atrazine, simazine, and 3 chlorotriazine degradates common to atrazine, simazine and propazine) on the basis of a common mechanism of toxicity for disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. As a result of their common mechanism of toxicity, exposure to propazine, like exposure to atrazine, results in reproductive and developmental effects and consequences that are considered relevant to humans. These effects form the basis of the regulatory endpoint selection for both compounds. This mechanism involves a central nervous system (CNS) toxicity, specifically, neurotransmitter and neuropeptide alterations at the level of the hypothalamus, which cause cascading changes to hormone levels, e.g., suppression of the luteinizing hormone surge prior to ovulation resulting in prolonged estrus in adult female rats (demonstrated with atrazine and propazine), and developmental delays, i.e., delayed vaginal opening and preputial separation in developing rats (studied in atrazine and propazine). These neuroendocrine effects are considered the primary toxicological effects of regulatory concern. The NOAEL for endocrine changes is protective of systemic toxicity.

After subchronic and chronic exposure to propazine, a variety of species were shown to exhibit neuroendocrine effects resulting in both reproductive and developmental consequences that are considered relevant to humans. These neuroendocrine effects are biomarkers of a neuroendocrine mechanism of toxicity that is shared by several other structurally-related chlorinated triazines including atrazine, simazine, and three chlorinated degradates - G-28279 (des-isopropyl atrazine or DIA), and G-30033 (des-ethyl atrazine or DEA), and G-28273 (diaminochlorotriazine or DACT) - the latter two which can result from the degradation of propazine. These six compounds disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, part of the central nervous system, causing cascading changes to hormone levels and developmental delays. For propazine, a neuroendocrine endpoint was identified for chronic dietary exposure based on adverse effects of estrous cycle alterations and luteinizing hormone (LH) surge suppression observed in a LH surge study on female rats exposed to atrazine. The corresponding NOAEL was 1.8 mg/kg/day. Because the database for propazine's potential neuroendocrine effects is less robust than the atrazine database, particularly for the young, the /EPA/ concluded that atrazine data could be used as bridging data for propazine due to the fact that propazine and atrazine share the neuroendocrine mechanism of toxicity described above, and that these neuroendocrine effects are considered the primary toxicological effects of regulatory concern for chronic exposure.

... Their chief mode of action appears to involve carbohydrate metabolism. The chlorinated s-triazines inhibit starch accumulation by blocking the production of sugars. Similar behavior has been shown for the methoxy & methylthio-s-triazines. It has been reported that the s-triazines affect the tricarboxylic acid cycle with activation of phospho-phenyl pyruvate-carboxylase causing the disappearance of sucrose & glyceric acid with the formation of aspartic & malic acids. /s-Triazines/

Since chlorosis is the first sign of the effect of triazines on plants, interference with carbon dioxide assimilation and sugar formation can be expected. Studies showing that Hill reaction is inhibited confirmed this. /Triazines/

In animals, the chief urinary metabolites of atrazine, simazine & propazine were the corresponding N-dealkyl triazines, 2-chloro-4-amino-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazine and 2-chloro-4-amino-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine. A third metabolite, 2-chloro-4,6-diamino-s-triazine, was reported in the urine of rats dosed with the 3 parent cmpd. This cmpd was the major metabolite in rats.

After propazine was administered to lactating goats, 16 metabolites were separated by ion exchange chromatography of urine but not identified. Carbon dioxide was obtained from dealkylation & oxidation of the side chain isopropyl moieties.

...In a goat metabolism study where [14C]propazine was administered orally to a lactating goat at 9.9 ppm (-20x the estimated dietary burden of 0.5 ppm) in the diet for seven consecutive days, total radioactive residues (TRR) were 0.080- 0.238 ppm in milk, 1.123 ppm in liver, 1.041 ppm in kidney, 0.209 ppm in muscle, and 0.160 ppm in fat. The parent propazine was not detected in goat milk or tissues. The chlorometabolite G-28273 (DACT) was the principal residue identified in milk (63.4% TRR, 0.141 ppm), fat (50.4% TRR, 0.080 ppm), muscle (26.1% TRR, 0.054 ppm), and liver (2.7% TRR, 0.031 ppm). The metabolite G-30033 was identified in milk (9.4% TRR, 0.021 ppm) but not in tissues. The remaining radioactivity in goat milk and tissues was characterized to be comprised of up to six unknown metabolites. Although each unknown accounted for <7% TRR in milk, several unknowns were present at significant levels in goat tissues. None of these unknown residues cochromatographed with the 17 reference standards including standards of known chloro- and hydroxy-metabolites of triazine herbicides.

Another goat metabolism study was performed using a radiolabeled hydroxymetabolite of propazine as the test substance. TRR were 0.025-0.029 ppm in milk, 0.006 ppm in muscle, 0.001 ppm in fat (renal and omental), 0.110 ppm in kidney, and 0.036 ppm in liver taken/collected from a lactating goat administered orally with [U-14C]2-hydroxypropazine at 10.9 ppm in the diet for three consecutive days. Residue characterization was not conducted in muscle and fat tissues because of low radioactivity (<0.010 ppm). The test substance, 2-hydroxypropazine, was the major residue identified in all matrices accounting for 63.5% TRR (0.069 ppm) in kidney, 77.2% TRR (0.028 ppm) in liver, and 65.0-69.4% TRR (0.017-0.020 ppm) in milk. The only other metabolite identified was desisopropyl hydroxypropazine, which was detected in minor amounts in all matrices: 2.9% TRR (0.003 ppm) in kidney, 3.6% TRR (0.001 ppm) in liver and 8.2-8.5% TRR (0.002 ppm) in milk.

For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for PROPAZINE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Fate in humans and animals: Propazine is readily absorbed and metabolized in the body. At 72 hours after administration of single oral doses of propazine to rats, 66% of the dose was excreted in the urine and 23% was excreted in the feces. This study also indicated that 77% of the dose was absorbed into the bloodstream from the gastrointestinal tract. At 8 days after the dosing, propazine or its metabolites were detected in the rats' lungs, spleen, heart, kidneys, and brain.

In a metabolism study in rats, propazine was administered as a single gavage dose of 1.0 or 100 mg/kg labeled propazine or as 14-daily doses of unlabeled 1.0 mg/kg propazine followed by a single 1.0 mg/kg labeled dose. Corn oil was the vehicle for all treatments. None of the animals died during the study and overall mass balance for all treatment groups ranged from 97.0 to 105.7%. Absorption of propazine from the gastrointestinal tract was rapid and similar for all study groups and no apparent sex-related differences were found. Based on recoveries from urine/ cage wash and tissues, absorption was 73%. Within 48 hours of treatment, 82-95% of the administered dose was recovered from excreta, predominantly the urine. No specific target organs were identified. Labeled propazine was recovered only in the feces of male and female rats in the single high-dose group and female rats in the low dose group. As presented, it cannot be determined if this represents unabsorbed material or material that underwent enterohepatic circulation. Less than 0.1% of the administered dose was detected as CO2 during a pilot study. Thirteen metabolites were recovered; three of which were identified.

The detection of parent hydroxy derivatives in the course of chlorotriazine degradation by animals has been reported. In rats dosed with (14)C-labeled atrazine, simazine & propazine, only small amt, on the order of a few percent, were observed in urine & feces.

When ring-labeled propazine was administered to rats by stomach tube at rates of 41-56 mg/kg, excretion of radioactive material was most rapid during the first 24 hr and decreased to trace amounts by 72 hr. At this time 65.8% and 23% had been recovered from the urine and feces, respectively. At 4 days, the tissue concentrations of related compounds expressed as propazine varied from 19.8 to 39.3 ppm, the lowest values involving the liver and lung. All of the tissue levels fell slowly, the corresponding range at 8 days being 13.0-30.3 ppm. Concentrations tended to be higher in the eviscerated carcass and especially in the skin.

Absorbed principally through plant roots. ... Following root absorption, it is translocated acropetally in the xylem & accumulates in the apical meristems & leaves of plants.

Used as selective pre-emergence herbicide for sorghum, umbellifers (carrots, celery, parsley etc), and greenhouse ornamentals; [HSDB] Previously registered for use on sorghum; New registration in 1998 is for container-grown ornamentals in greenhouses; [Reference #1]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

For Propazine (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 80808) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

For preemergence weed control in grain sorghum and container grown ornamentals in greenhouses. /Propazine 4L/

Selective post-emergence herbicide

Pre-planting or pre-emergence control of grasses and broad-leaved weeds in sorghum and umbelliferous crops (carrots, chervil, parsley etc).

This chemical is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#3121]

Propazine is produced by the reaction between cyanuric chloride and two equivalents of isopropylamine.

PRODUCED BY REACTION OF TRICHLORO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE WITH 2 MOLECULAR PROPORTIONS OF ISOPROPYLAMINE IN PRESENCE OF ACID ACCEPTOR, IT FORMS COLORLESS CRYSTALS ...

PROPAZINE 4L Active Ingredient 43.00% Propazine; PROPAZINE TECHNICAL Active Ingredient 98.00% propazine

Mixtures: (propazine +) metolachlor; chlorpropham; prometryn; propachlor.

'Gesamil 50 & 80 wp', wettable powder (500 or 800 g ai/kg); 90 wdg, water-dispersible granule (900 g/kg); 4l, liquid (480 g/l). Mixtures include: milocep, (propazine + metolachlor (1:2)).

... TECHNICAL PRODUCT IS MORE THAN 95% PURE.

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for PROPAZINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1,3,5-Triazine-2,4-diamine, 6-chloro-N2,N4-bis(1-methylethyl)-: ACTIVE

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Propazine (technical grade) as unlikely to present an acute hazard in normal use; Main Use: herbicide.

RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE due to ground and surface water concerns. For retail sale to and use oniy by certified applicators or persons under their direct supervision, and only for those uses covered by the certified applicator's certification.

The /EPA/ has completed its cumulative risk assessment for the chlorinated triazine class of pesticides and has concluded that with the mitigation measures in the simazine Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) and atrazine Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decision (IRED) the cumulative risks associated with these pesticides are below the Agency's level of concern. Propazine was not incorporated into the assessment because exposure to propazine is not anticipated via any of the currently registered exposure pathways.

Although propazine is currently registered for indoor greenhouse use in the U.S., the only other use is an import tolerance for propazine on sorghum; this is expected to result in no exposures to the residues of propazine through drinking water and/or home uses. ... A subsequent assessment will be conducted to address a proposed use of propazine on sorghum in the U.S.

For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for PROPAZINE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.