Sanguinarine

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 98.1% (52 of 53) of all reports.

Not Classified

Aggregated GHS information provided per 53 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Sanguinarine [13-methyl (1,3) benzodioxolo(5,6-c)-1,3-dioxolo (4,5) phenanthridinium] kills animal cells through its action on the Na+-K+-ATPase transmembrane protein. Berberine, on the other hand, has been reported to cause cytotoxicity and adversely influence the synthesis of DNA. Studies have reported various pharmacological properties of these alkaloids, e.g., they exhibit antibacterial, antiasthma, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities.

Sanguinarine, at micromolar concentrations, imparts cell growth inhibitory response in human squamous carcinoma (A431) cells via an induction of apoptosis. This is while sanguinarine treatment did not result in apoptosis of the normal human epidermal keratinocytes at similar dose. Sanguinarine [0.1 (M-2 (M)] treatment to HaCaT cells was found to inhibit in a dose-dependent manner the cell proliferation and induce apoptosis, as measured by 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and ELISA, respectively. Sanguinarine treatment also resulted in a significant cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in HaCaT cells. Sanguinarine treatment to HaCaT cells resulted in a dose-dependent (a) increase in the level of Bax with a concomitant decrease in Bcl-2 levels and (b) increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Sanguinarine also resulted in significant increases in the proapoptotic members of Bcl-2 family proteins, i.e., Bak and Bid. This was accompanied by increase in (a) protein expression of cytochrome c and apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 and (b) activity and protein expression of caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-8, and caspase-9. This indicates the involvement of mitochondrial pathway and Bcl-2 family proteins during sanguinarine-mediated apoptosis of immortalized keratinocytes. (A15415)

Sanguinarine is found in traditional herbs such as Chelidonium, Corydalis, Sanguinarum, and Borovula. This publication notes that: 1) sanguinarinehas been proven to possess broad-spectrum biological activities, such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiosteoporosis, neuroprotective, and antipathogenic microorganism activities, 2) the biological activities of sanguinarine and its derivatives are related mainly to the JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB, TGF-β, MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, and 3) in general, sanguinarine has many pharmacological effects but that its toxicity and safety in clinical applications need to be further studied.

Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in order to prevent the spread of infection.

Agents that have a strengthening effect on the heart or that can increase cardiac output. They may be CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES; SYMPATHOMIMETICS; or other drugs. They are used after MYOCARDIAL INFARCT; CARDIAC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; in SHOCK; or in congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE).

Sanguinarine is found in opium poppy. Consumption of Sanguinarine, present in poppy seeds and in the oil of <i>Argemone mexicana</i> which has been used as an adulterant for mustard oil in India, has been linked to development of glaucoma. It is also found in the root, stem and leaves of the opium poppy but not in the capsule. Sanguinarine is a toxin that kills animal cells through its action on the Na+-K+-ATPase transmembrane protein. These are organic compounds containing a benzene fused to a quinoline ring system.