Ammonium Acetate

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Identifiers & Physical Properties

CAS No.	631-61-8
Molecular formula	C2H7NO2
Average molar mass	77.08 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass	77.04767847 g/mol
SMILES	CC(=O)[O-].[NH4+]
InChIKey	USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID	517165
ChEBI	CHEBI:62947
EC No.	211-162-9
DTXSID	DTXSID5023873

Chemical & Physical Properties

Topological polar surface area	41.1
Hydrogen bond donors	1
Hydrogen bond acceptors	2
Rotatable bonds	0
Heavy atoms	5
Formal charge	0
Complexity	25
pH	VERY CONCENTRATED SOLN IS SLIGHTLY ACID & 0.5 MOLAR AQ SOLN HAS PH 7.0.
Odor	SLIGHT ACETOUS ODOR
Density	1.17 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sinkSP GR: 1.17 AT 20 °C/4 °C1.073 @25 °C
Color/Form	CRYSTALS OR CRYSTALLINE MASSESWHITE CRYSTALS
Solubility	SOL IN LESS THAN 1 PART WATERFREELY SOL IN ALCOHOLSLIGHTLY SOL IN ACETONE.148 G/100 CC WATER AT 4 °C7.89 G/100 CC METHANOL AT 15 °C
Melting point	237.2 °F (USCG, 1999)114 °C
Vapor pressure	0.00014 [mmHg]
Physical Description	Ammonium acetate appears as a white crystalline solid. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. It is used in chemical analysis, in pharmaceuticals, in preserving foods, and for other uses.CBIDry PowderLiquidOther SolidWhite deliquescent solid[Hawley] White crystalline solid[MSDSonline]
Stability/Shelf Life	DELIQUESCENTTENDS TO LOSE AMMONIA.

Safety & Regulations

GHS classification	This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 96.3% (2441 of 2536) of all reports.Not ClassifiedReported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria by 2441 of 2536 companies (only 3.7% companies provided GHS information). For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.Aggregated GHS information provided per 2536 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 2441 of 2536 reports by companies.There are 7 notifications provided by 95 of 2536 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.
Regulatory information	Chemical: Acetic acid, ammonium saltCommission Regulation (EC) No 2229/2004Acetic acid, ammonium salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Acetic acid, ammonium salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)2008/127, Reg. (EU) 2022/801, Reg. (EU) No 540/2011Status: Active Update: 21-04-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/16046Ammonium acetate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard
Other safety information	IMAP assessments - Acetic acid, ammonium salt: Human health tier I assessment
Fire hazards	Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating vapors of ammonia acetic acid, and nitrogen oxides may form in fires. (USCG, 1999)
Health hazards	Inhalation of dust irritates nose and mouth. Ingestion irritates mouth and stomach. Contact with dust causes irritation of eyes and mild irritation of skin. (USCG, 1999)
Hazards summary	An eye, nose, and mouth irritantA mild skin irritantEmergency treatment: Ammonia[HSDB] Intraperitoneal LD50 (rat) = 632 mg/kgEffects on rats at lethal doses include convulsions[RTECS] May cause irritation[MSDSonline] See Ammonia.
Reactive group	Salts, Acidic
Reactivity Profile	AMMONIUM ACETATE causes the decomposition of sodium hypochlorite within a few seconds [Mellor 2 Supp. 1:550 1956].
Air and Water Reactions	Water soluble.
CERCLA reportable quantities	Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).
Clean Water Act requirements	Designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance.
Hazard Classes and Categories	Not Classified
Standard Transportation Number	49 667 08Ammonium acetate
First aid	INHALATION: remove victim to fresh airrinse nose and mouth with water. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.INGESTION: induce vomiting immediately. Give large amounts of water.EYES: flush with water for at least 15 min.SKIN: flush with soap and water. (USCG, 1999)
Storage conditions	KEEP COOL & TIGHTLY CLOSED.
Preventive Measures	SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
Protective Action Criteria (PAC)	3.8 [mg/m3]42 [mg/m3]250 [mg/m3]
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)	Dust maskgoggles or face shield (do not wear contact lenses)rubber glovesimpervious protectiveclothing. (USCG, 1999)GOGGLES OR FACE SHIELDRUBBER GLOVES.
Interactions	AN EQUIMOLAR MIXTURE OF ORNITHINE & ASPARTIC ACID (1 MMOLE/KG) WAS EFFECTIVE IN PREVENTING TOXIC BLOOD LEVELS OF AMMONIA FROM OCCURRING IN ECK FISTULA DOGS WHEN ADMINISTERED 1 HR PRIOR TO AMMONIUM ACETATE ADMINISTRATION.ADDITION OF OTHER AMINO ACIDS IN DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS WITH ARGININE HYDROCHLORIDE GREATLY ENHANCED THE PROTECTIVE ACTION OF ARGININE HYDROCHLORIDE AGAINST AMMONIUM ACETATE POISONING IN RATS.CARBAMYLASPARTATE PROTECTED RATS AGAINST INTOXICATING EFFECTS BY DECR BLOOD AMMONIA LEVEL & INCR BLOOD UREA LEVEL SEEN AFTER THE INJECTION OF AMMONIUM ACETATE ALONE.THE INJECTION OF A COMBINATION OF 1 MMOLE N-CARBAMOYL-L-GLUTAMATE/KG & 1 MMOLE L-ARGININE/KG GAVE 100% PROTECTION AGAINST HYPERAMMONEMIA TO RATS WHICH WERE SUBSEQUENTLY GIVEN LD99.9 DOSE (10.8 MMOLE/KG) AMMONIUM ACETATE.For more Interactions (Complete) data for AMMONIUM ACETATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Ecotoxicity values	TLm Mosquito fish 238 ppm/24 hr fresh water. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/
EPA IRIS Information	Ammonium acetate
Medical Surveillance	PROTECT FROM EXPOSURE INDIVIDUALS WITH LIVER DAMAGE. /AMMONIUM SALTS/
Human Toxicity Excerpts	NORMAL HUMAN SUBJECTS INFUSED WITH AMMONIUM ACETATE EXHIBIT FLACCIDITY OF FACIAL MUSCLES, TREMOR, GENERALIZED DISCOMFORT, ANXIETY, & IMPAIRMENT OF MOTOR PERFORMANCE, OF RECOGNITION & OF CRITICAL FLICKER FUSION.... WITH LARGE DOSES OF AMMONIUM ... ACETATE ... THERE ARISES POSSIBILITY OF SUFFICIENT ABSORPTION TO PRODUCE DIURESIS & SYSTEMIC AMMONIA POISONING, PARTICULARLY IF ... ADMIN PARENTERALLY.
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts	... RATS INJECTED INTRAPERITONEALLY ... DEVELOPED SPASTICITY & CONVULSIONS COINCIDENT WITH HIGH CONCN OF AMMONIA IN BLOOD & BRAIN.WHEN AMMONIUM ACETATE WAS INFUSED INTRARUMINALLY (300 AND 400 MG AMMONIA/KG BODY WT), ACUTE TOXICITY WAS OBSERVED IN 3 HOLSTEIN STEERS.AN IV GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST WAS PERFORMED IN 3 GROUPS OF 15 RATS 60 MIN AFTER THE BEGINNING OF A 95 MIN INFUSION OF EITHER 2 ML ISOTONIC SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLN (CONTROL GROUP) OR AMMONIUM ACETATE SOLN AT LOW (0.50 UMOL AMMONIUM ION/KG/MIN) OR HIGH DOSES (1.70 UMOL AMMONIUM ION/KG/MIN). HIGH AMMONIUM ION INFUSION PRODUCED INCR OF BLOOD AMMONIUM LEVELS NEAR 1000 UG/100 ML, SIGNIFICANT DECR IN POTASSIUM COEFFICIENT FOR GLUCOSE DISAPPEARANCE (2.53X10-2 COMPARED TO 4.92X10-2 IN CONTROL), & A SUPPRESSION OF RADIOIMMUNOL PLASMA, INSULIN (IRI) RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE. GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE INDUCED BY AMMONIUM ACETATE INFUSIONS MAY BE DUE TO DIRECT EFFECT OF AMMONIUM ION ON PANCREAS. THESE ABNORMALITIES IN GLUCOSE METABOLISM DEPEND OF INFUSED AMMONIUM.Ammonia toxicity was induced by ip admin of ammonium acetate to frogs (Rana hexadactyla). The liver & brain ornithine transcarbamylase, argininosuccinate synthetase, & arginase showed different responses to ammonia. Brain had an elevated arginase activity after 5 min of ammonium acetate admin, while liver restored to urogenesis 120 min after admin.For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for AMMONIUM ACETATE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Populations at Special Risk	... A DISTINCT SYNDROME OF SYSTEMIC AMMONIA INTOXICATION IS RECOGNIZED IN ... MAN ... IN AN EXPERIMENTAL CONTEXT. ONLY A REMOTE POSSIBILITY EXISTS ... THAT IT MIGHT OCCUR IN MAN AS RESULT OF INGESTING ... AMMONIUM SALTS, EXCEPT IN THE PERSON WITH PREEXISTING LIVER DISEASE. /AMMONIUM SALTS/
Evidence for Carcinogenicity	CLASSIFICATION: Dnot classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: No human data and no animal data. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None.