Diphenyl cresyl phosphate

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

4.3 [mg/m3]

47 [mg/m3]

280 [mg/m3]

Respiratory protection (supplied-air respirator with full facepiece or self-contained breathing apparatus) should be available where these compounds are manufactured or used and should be worn in case of emergency and overexposure. /Phosphorus compounds/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.8X10+4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that diphenyl cresyl phosphate is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of diphenyl cresyl phosphate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.9X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its extrapolated vapor pressure, 1.0X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(3), and water solubility, 2.4 mg/L(4). Diphenyl cresyl phosphate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on its vapor pressure(SRC). Biodegradation of diphenyl cresyl phosphate in soil is expected to be an important fate process(SRC), based on rapid biodegradation in river and lake water die-away tests (half-lives on the order of several days or less and complete degradation within a week)(5,6). An observed CO2 evolution of 53.2% in 7 days using an activated sludge inoculum also suggests biodegradability(5). Based on reported aqueous hydrolysis half-lives of 47 days at pH 7 and 5.1 days at pH 9(4), hydrolysis is expected to contribute to soil degradation, especially in moist alkaline soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.8X10+4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that diphenyl cresyl phosphate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Minor volatilization from water surfaces may occur(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.90X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its extrapolated vapor pressure, 1.0X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(4), and water solubility, 2.4 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 356 and 2590 days, respectively(SRC). Strong adsorption to sediment may attenuate the rate of volatilization(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an observed BCF range of 110 to 1,420 in rainbow trout, fathead minnow, killifish and bluegill sunfish for similar triaryl phosphates(4,7) suggests bioconcentration of diphenyl cresyl phosphate in aquatic organisms is high to very high(SRC). Biodegradation of diphenyl cresyl phosphate in natural water is expected to be an important fate process(SRC), based on rapid biodegradation in river and lake water die-away tests (half-lives on the order of several days or less and complete degradation within a week)(8,9). An observed CO2 evolution of 53.2% in 7 days using an activated sludge inoculum also suggests biodegradability(8). Based on reported aqueous hydrolysis half-lives of 47 days at pH 7 and 5.1 days at pH 9 at 25 °C(5), hydrolysis is expected to contribute to degradation in water, especially in alkaline water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), diphenyl cresyl phosphate, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 1.0X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase diphenyl cresyl phosphate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.4 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase diphenyl cresyl phosphate may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Based on a reported direct photolysis half-life of 4.86 years in aqueous solution(4), direct photolysis is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC).

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from, as of October 25, 2012: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=26444-49-5]

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of diphenyl cresyl phosphate can be estimated to be 1.8X10+4(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that diphenyl cresyl phosphate is expected to be immobile in soil.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Moderately irritating (patch test); not sensitizing (patch test) /in humans/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ /CRESYLDIPHENYL PHOSPHATE/ IS A TOXIC SUBSTANCE & PRESENCE OF ORTHO-CRESOL RING IN ITS FORMULA MUST INSPIRE DISTRUST IN CONNECTION WITH ITS USE IN PLASTICS INTENDED FOR FOOD-WRAPPING INDUSTRY.

Diphenyl cresyl phosphate's production and use as an additive for plasticizers and gasoline, as a flame retardant, and use in lubricants, hydraulic fluids and food packaging(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Release of aryl phosphates, such as diphenyl cresyl phosphate, from production to the environment is dominated by land disposal of solid and semi-solid wastes with relatively small direct releases to water or air(3); releases from use are volatilization from plastic items where diphenyl cresyl phosphate is used as a plasticizer, leaking from uses in hydraulic fluids and releases of lubricants where it is used as an additive(2).

AEROBIC: Using a semi-continuous activated sludge test and a 22-week test duration, influent concentrations of 3 mg/L/day diphenyl cresyl phosphate were biodegraded (primary biodegradation) by 82%(1). In CO2 evolution tests using activated sludge, diphenyl cresyl phosphate (concentration of 23.1 mg/L) exhibited theoretical CO2 evolution of 53.2, 84.5 and 91.3% after 7, 28 and 48 days respectively(1). In a river water die-away test, diphenyl cresyl phosphate was about 50% biodegraded after 3 days and completely degraded in 4 days(1). Using OECD Test Guideline 301C (100 mg/L concentration of test substance), diphenyl cresyl phosphate had a 0% theoretical BOD after 28 days of incubation(2); it should be noted that the initial concentration in this test is more than 40 times greater than the water solubility(SRC). A die-away study using Lake Ontario water from Oswego, NY found that commercial plasticizers containing diphenyl cresyl phosphate exhibited a two-day lag period before degrading rapidly with complete degradation within 7 days(3).

An observed BCF range of 110 to 1,420 has been reported in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), killifish (Oryzeas latipes) and bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) for triphenyl phosphate and tricresyl phosphate(1,2); diphenyl cresyl phosphate is expected to have similar BCF values(SRC). According to a classification scheme(3), a BCF range of 110 to 1,420 suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high to very high(SRC). Depuration half-lives of triphenyl and tricresyl phosphates range from 4 to 6 days(6).

The Henry's Law constant for diphenyl cresyl phosphate is estimated as 1.9X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its extrapolated vapor pressure, 1.0X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), and water solubility, 2.4 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that diphenyl cresyl phosphate may volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 356 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 2590 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from an environmental pond 2 m deep is estimated to be about 9 years ignoring adsorption(4); the volatilization half-life from a model pond is greater than 100 years when adsorption is considered(4). Diphenyl cresyl phosphate's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Diphenyl cresyl phosphate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on its vapor pressure(SRC).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Monkey, ip 100 mg/kg bw, 89% reduction in plasma cholinesterase activity 24 hr after ip injection. No change in erythrocyte cholinesterase activity.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/... IP DOSES OVER 1 G/KG BODY WT ARE FATAL TO RATS ... HOWEVER, ORAL DOSES OF 4 G/KG OR LESS HAVE BEEN TOLERATED. POISONED ANIMALS BECAME LETHARGIC ON 2ND OR 3RD DAY, THERE WAS COPIOUS DIARRHEA & SYMPTOMS OF PARALYSIS. ... AUTOPSY SHOWED GENERAL CAPILLARY PARALYSIS ACCOMPANIED BY EDEMA & CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ POLYVINYL ACETATE (PVA) EMULSION IS A MIXT OF A BASE LATEX PLASTICIZED WITH SANTICIZER 140 (CRESYL DIPHENYL PHOSPHATE) & FLEXOL 4G0 (TETRAETHYLENE GLYCOL DI-(2-ETHYLHEXANOATE). SANTICIZER 140 DID NOT PRODUCE EYE OR SKIN IRRITATION BUT DID CAUSE REDUCTION IN BLOOD PLASMA CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY OF SQUIRREL MONKEYS & COTURNIX QUAIL 24 HR AFTER A SINGLE IP INJECTION.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ OECD Combined Repeated Dose and Reproductive/Developmental Screening Toxicity Test /provided the following/ results: In the 300 mg/kg group /of rats/, salivation, a suppression of body weight gain and increase of water intake were found in both sexes, and an increase of food consumption was found in male rats. In the investigation of hematology, changes of parameters indicated anemia, and an increase of leukocytes were found in the 300 mg/kg group of male rats. In the investigation of clinical chemistry, increase in total cholesterol and decreases in GOT, albumin, A/G ratio, cholinesterase activity and triglycerides were also found in the 300 mg/kg group of male rats. In urinalysis, decreases in pH and specific gravity, an increase of urine volume were found in the 300 mg/kg of male rats. In the pathological examination, enlargement and cortical vacuolation of the adrenals, enlargement of the liver, and fatty change of the proximal tubular epithelium were found in both sexes. In addition, reduction of fatty change of the hepatocytes, increase in hyaline droplets and basophilic changes in the proximal tubular epithelium, erosion or focal necrosis in mucosa of stomach and atrophy of seminiferous tubular were found in male rats, and clear cell change of hepatocytes, atrophy of thymus, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the interstitial cells in the ovaries were found in female rats. In the 60 mg/kg group, suppression of body weight gains was found in female rats. Enlargement and cortical vacuolation of the adrenals were found in both sexes. In addition, an increase of total cholesterol, a decrease of cholinesterase activity, and enlargement of the liver were found in male rats, and histopathological changes in the liver, kidneys and the thymus were found in female rats. NOEL: 12 mg/kg/day

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for DIPHENYL CRESYL PHOSPHATE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of diphenyl cresyl phosphate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1.4 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Using OECD test guideline 111 (25 °C), the aqueous hydrolysis half-life of diphenyl cresyl phosphate was found to be 47 days at pH 7 and 5.1 days at pH 9(2); diphenyl cresyl phosphate was stable at pH 4(2). Photodegradation tests of diphenyl cresyl phosphate in aqueous solution determined a direct photolysis half-life of 4.86 years(2).

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Phosphoric acid, methylphenyl diphenyl ester is included on this list. Effective date: 10/4/82; Sunset date: 10/4/92.