Potassium Fluoride

2.48 (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

2.48 g/cu cm

2.48 @25 °C

White cubic crystals

White crystalline, deliquescent powder

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)

Soluble in water, hydrogen fluoride; insoluble in alcohol

102 g/100 g water at 25 °C

2741 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

1502 °C

1502 °C @760 [mm Hg]

1576 °F (NTP, 1992)

858 °C

Crystals; melting point: 19.3 °C /Tetrahydrate/

858 °C

100 Pa (0.75 mm Hg) at 869 °C; 1 kPa (7.5 mm Hg) at 1017 °C; 10 kPa (75 mm Hg) at 1216 °C; 100 kPa (750 mm Hg) at 1499 °C

0.75 [mm Hg] @869 °C

Danger

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H301+H311+H331 (33.9%): Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Potassium fluoride (KF)

Potassium fluoride (KF) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Potassium fluoride (KF) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 01-08-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13156

Potassium fluoride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.

· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.

1812 154

3422 154

POTASSIUM FLUORIDE reacts with acids to evolve corrosive and toxic hydrogen fluoride. Aqueous solutions corrode glass and consequently are prepared and stored in polyethylene containers. The pure solid may be stored in glass containers. Reacts violently with (Pt + BrF3). [NTP 1992].

/GUIDE 154 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. For UN3171, if Lithium ion batteries are involved, also consult GUIDE 147. /Potassium fluoride; Potassium fluoride, solid; Potassium fluoride, solution/

/GUIDE 154 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Potassium fluoride; Potassium fluoride, solid; Potassium fluoride, solution/

/GUIDE 154 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Potassium fluoride; Potassium fluoride, solid; Potassium fluoride, solution/

/GUIDE 154 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Potassium fluoride; Potassium fluoride, solid; Potassium fluoride, solution/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for POTASSIUM FLUORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Potassium fluoride, solid

UN1812

Div 6.1 Poisonous materials (49 eCFR § 173.132)

PG III: the degree of danger presented by the material is minor

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Fluorides in urine = 2 mg/L prior to shift or 3 mg/L at end of shift; (Repeated measurements recommended.)

1.0 [mg/m3], as F, inhalable fraction[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

Immediate precautionary measure

0.74 [mg/m3]

8.1 [mg/m3]

49 [mg/m3]

Small Fire

Small Fire

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... A group of 11 healthy young adults volunteered to participate after verbal and written information and consent. After a 1-week fluoride depletion period, the subjects consumed popcorn prepared with either fluoridated (250 mg/kg) or non-fluoridated salt during 30 minutes. Unstimulated whole saliva and samples of supragingival plaque were collected before consumption (baseline) and at 30, 60 and 120 minutes after the intake. Fluoride concentration was determined with a fluoride-specific electrode and the post-ingestion levels were compared with baseline by ANOVA. ... In saliva, the mean fluoride concentrations at baseline ranged from 0.021 to 0.027 mg/L and after the 30 minutes consumption of fluoride prepared snacks a 15-fold increase (p<0.001) was found. The same pattern was disclosed in the plaque samples. In both saliva and plaque, the fluoride levels remained significantly elevated after 2 hours (p<0.001 and p<0.05, respectively). /The authors concluded that/ consumption of snacks prepared with fluoridated table salt resulted in significantly increased fluoride levels in saliva and supragingival plaque for a period of at least two hours. /Fluoride/

/SURVEILLANCE/ Acute fluoride poisoning produces a clinical syndrome characterized by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and paresthesias. In May 1992, excess fluoride in one of two public water systems serving a village in Alaska caused an outbreak of acute fluoride poisoning. /The authors/ surveyed residents, measured their urinary fluoride concentrations, and analyzed their serum-chemistry profiles. A case of fluoride poisoning was defined as an illness consisting of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, or numbness or tingling of the face or extremities that began between May 21 and 23. ... Among 47 residents studied who drank water obtained on May 21, 22, or 23 from the implicated well, 43 (91 percent) had an illness that met the case definition, as compared with only 6 of 21 residents (29 percent) who drank water obtained from the implicated well at other times and 2 of 94 residents (2 percent) served by the other water system. /The authors/ estimated that 296 people were poisoned; 1 person died. Four to five days after the outbreak, 10 of the 25 case patients who were tested, but none of the 15 control subjects, had elevated urinary fluoride concentrations. The case patients had elevated serum fluoride concentrations and other abnormalities consistent with fluoride poisoning, such as elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations. The fluoride concentration of a water sample from the implicated well was 150 mg/L, and that of a sample from the other system was 1.1 mg/L.../Fluoride/

/GENOTOXICITY/The effects of sodium and potassium fluoride (NaF and KF) at concentrations ranging from 10-7 to 10-2 M for 12, 24, or 36 hr on cultured rat bone marrow cells have been studied with respect to cytotoxicity and induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE). At the three exposure times, cell survival progressively decreased with increasing concentrations. Treatment with 10-2 M fluoride resulted in a statistically significant death (62 to 65%) of cells. Similarly, no dividing cells were encountered at concentrations of 10-3 M and 10-2 M, and significant reductions in mitotic index (MI) were calculated at 10-4 M. In contrast, cell kinetics, expressed as cell proliferation index (CPI), revealed no significant inhibitory effect of fluoride on cell proliferation. Furthermore, the mean SCE score reached a maximum (7.64 SCE/cell) in the 24-hr-treated cultures. This value was not significantly different from that observed in sodium chloride (NaCl) at 10-2 M (5.42 SCE/cell) and distilled water (4.86 SCE/cell) controls. In comparison, mitomycin-C (MMC, positive control) at 5x10-8 M caused an average of 22.13 SCE/cell. These results indicated an inhibition of cell division and death of cells with high doses of fluoride with no effect on SCE frequencies.

/GENOTOXICITY/ The genotoxic effects of inorganic fluorides were investigated by treating cultured rat bone marrow cells with varying concentrations (0.1 to 100 uM) of potassium fluoride (KF) and sodium fluoride (NaF) for different durations (12, 24 and 36 hr) and measuring the incidence of cells with aberrations and number of breaks per cell. Both forms of fluoride were found to be weak mutagens relative to the positive control N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). A specificity of fluoride ion in inducing chromosome aberrations (CA) was indicated by the observation that both NaF and KF behaved almost equivalently in this study and at significantly higher variations from the results with potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl).

/GENOTOXICITY/ The L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell forward-mutation assay was used to test for the mutagenic activity of sodium and potassium fluoride at the thymidine kinase locus. Mutants were detected by colony formation in soft agar in the presence of trifluorothymidine. Mutagenic and toxic responses were observed in the concentration range of 300-600 ug/mL with both sodium and potassium fluoride. Approximately 3-fold increases in mutant frequency were observed for concentrations in the 500-700 ug/mL range that reduced the relative total growth to approximately 10% in the absence or presence of a rat-liver S9 activation system. A sample of 30% sodium fluoride-70% sodium bifluoride (NaHF2) induced a similar mutagenic response but was more toxic with respect to the fluoride concentration. A specificity for fluoride ions in causing mutagenesis was indicated by the fast that much higher concentrations of sodium or potassium chloride were necessary to cause toxicity and increases in the mutant frequency. The possible involvement of chromosomal changes was signaled by the predominant increase in the small colony class of mutants.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary for edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Early intubation at the first sign of upper airway obstruction may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary. Development of QT interval prolongation may signal hypocalcemia and need for IV calcium gluconate administration ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use 2.5% calcium gluconate gel for skin burns over painful areas after thorough decontamination ... . Iced 0.13% benzalkonium chloride (Zephiran chloride) solution soak or compresses may be used with careful monitoring of body temperature. Compresses should be changed every 2 min. Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) and Related Compounds/

LD50 Mouse 40.03 mg/kg

LD50 Rat ip 64 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 245 mg/kg

KALI FLUORATUM

Potassium Salt [EPC]; Increased Large Intestinal Motility [PE]; Osmotic Laxative [EPC]; Potassium Compounds [CS]; Osmotic Activity [MoA]; Inhibition Large Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Absorption [PE]

This study was designed to quantitate and compare the major features of the short-term pharmacokinetics of fluoride--i.e., the plasma (Cp), renal (Cr), and extra-renal (Cer) clearances--in young adult dogs, cats, rabbits, rats, and hamsters. Plasma and urine samples were collected for seven h after the iv administration of fluoride (0.5 mg F/kg). Cp ranged from 3.5 to 8.6 mL/min/kg in the dog and hamster, respectively. Cr ranged from less than 1.5 mL/min/kg in the dog and rabbit to about 3.5 mL/min/kg in the rat and hamster. Cer ranged from 2.1 mL/min/kg in the dog to over 4.5 mL/min/kg in the cat, rabbit, and hamster. It was concluded that (1) there are major quantitative differences in the metabolic handling of fluoride among the five species, and that (2) Cp, Cr, and Cer values of the young adult dog, when factored for body weight, resemble those of the young adult human most closely. /Fluoride/

The purpose of this review is to present the general characteristics of the metabolism of fluoride particularly as it occurs when ingested with fluoridated salt. Following the absorption of salt-borne fluoride from the stomach and intestines, its metabolism is identical to that of water-borne fluoride or other vehicles containing ionized fluoride. Because fluoridated salt is almost always ingested with food, however, absorption from the gastrointestinal tract may be delayed or reduced. Reports dealing with this subject have shown that fluoride absorption is delayed and, therefore, peak plasma concentrations are lower than when fluoride is ingested with water. The amount of ingested fluoride that is finally absorbed, however, is not appreciably affected unless the meal is composed mainly of components with high calcium concentrations. In this case, the extent of absorption can be reduced by as much as 50%. Fluoridated salt is also ingested less frequently than fluoridated water. Data are presented to show that the dose size and frequency of ingestion have only minor effects on fluoride retention in the body and on the concentrations in plasma, bone and enamel. Finally, calculations are presented to show that the risk of acute toxicity from fluoridated salt is virtually non-existent. /Fluoride/

Used in silver soldering fluxes, glass etching, water fluoridation, and as a preservative and insecticide; [HSDB]

Soldering [Category: Heat or Machine]

Since 1991, fluoridated salt has been on sale in household-size packages in Germany. Potassium or sodium fluoride is added to iodized salt until the fluoride concentration reaches 250 mg/kg.

Salt fluoridation is recognised world-wide as a proven and viable alternative means of consumer choice-related, community-based fluoridation where water fluoridation is either technically or politically impossible. ...Most salt consumed is contained within cooked food products, rather than sprinkled over prepared food at the table.../Fluoride salts/

... Used in preparing silver soldering fluxes. ... In organic synthesis as a catalyst for various reactions or to introduce fluorine into organic molecules. ... In France, potassium fluoride may be added to table salt to increase resistance to dental caries.

Unscheduled precursor to sarin.

2023: 8,500,000 - <10,000,000 lb

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#7134]

Prepared by thermal decomposition of KHF2 or by neutralizing HF with K2CO3.

Potassium fluoride is prepared by reacting potassium carbonate (or KOH) with aqueous hydrofluoric acid.

Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing

Potassium fluoride (KF): ACTIVE

Potassium fluoride is an unscheduled precursor to Sarin.

Sodium and potassium fluoride are used for the fluoridation of household salt. Addition of fluoride is carried out either by the wet or the dry process. Qualitatively good fluoridated salt can be produced by using either method. In the wet process, a solution of potassium fluoride is mixed homogeneously with the salt. For the dry mixture, only sodium fluoride with a small granule size is suitable. Apart from the mixing methods used by the larger salt manufacturers, there are low-cost solutions for very small producers.

In seven European countries there are national legal regulations, or salt producers have obtained individual authorizations, for the production and marketing of fluoridated edible salt. On the basis of EU mutual recognition rules, there are other countries which import fluoridated edible salt. All European countries practise salt fluoridation on a voluntary basis. In the near future, a European regulation is expected to supersede the national conditions. /Fluoridated salts/