Cyclosporine (USP)

DescriptionCyclosporine A is a powerful immunosuppressive drug intended for preventing rejection of kidney, heart, and lung transplants. A new era in the development of immunopharmacology began with the discovery of cyclosporines. Cyclosporines are produced by mycelial mushrooms Tolypocladium inflatum, Tricoderma polysporum, and Cylindrocarpon lucidum, which are found in the ground.Cyclosporine A is the first drug to affect a specific line of protecting cells of the body. Unlike usual cytotoxics, it suppresses T-cells and acts on all cell lines simultaneously. Cyclosporine A significantly eases the ‘reception’ of transplants, and increases the possibility of treating autoimmune system diseases.

UsesAn immunosuppressant that has revolutionized organ transplantation through its use in the prevention of graft rejection. A group of nonpolar cyclic oligopeptides with immunosupppressant activity.

Usesprothrombogenic agent

UsesCyclosporin A is a hydrophobic cyclic peptide isolated from several fungal species including Cylindrocarpon, Fusarium, Trichoderma and Tolypocladium. Cyclosporin A inhibits T-cell activation and has been marketed since 1983 as an immunosuppressant in post-allogeneic organ transplant. Cyclosporin A acts by binding to the protein, cyclophilin (immunophilin), in T-lymphocytes causing inhibition of calcineurin (protein phosphatase 2B). Cyclosporin A reduces transcription of interleukin 2, and inhibits lymphokine production, interleukin release and NO synthesis induced by interleukin 1α, lipopolysaccharides and TNFα.

General DescriptionWhite prismatic needles (from acetone) or white powder.

DescriptionCyclosporin is a cyclic polypeptide immunosuppressant agent consisting of 11 amino acids and having a molecular weight of 1202.64. It is produced as a metabolite by the fungus species Beauveria nlyea. Chemically, cyclosporin is designated as [R-[R*,R*-(E)]]-cyclic(L-alanyl-D- alanyl-N-methyl-L-leucyl-N-methyl-L-leucyl-N-methyl-L-valyl-3-hydroxy-N, 4-dimethyl-L-2-amino-6-octenoyl-L-a-amino-butyryl- N-methylglycyl-N- methyl-L-leucyl-L-valyl-N-methyl-L-leucyl). Molecular Formula: C62H111N11O12.

DefinitionChEBI: A cyclic nonribosomal peptide of eleven amino acids; an immunosuppressant drug widely used in post-allogeneic organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patient's immune system, and therefore the risk of organ rejection. Also causes reversible inhibiti n of immunocompetent lymphocytes in the G0- and G1-phase of the cell cycle.