Lutein A

196

196 °C

Dark, yellowish brown liquid

Solid

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 95.6% (151 of 158) of all reports.

Not Classified；Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria by 151 of 158 companies (only 4.4% companies provided GHS information). For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Aggregated GHS information provided per 158 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.；Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 151 of 158 reports by companies.；There are 2 notifications provided by 7 of 158 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).；Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Chemical: .beta.,.epsilon.-Carotene-3,3'-diol, (3R,3'R,6'R)-

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 (amended)

.beta.,.epsilon.-Carotene-3,3'-diol, (3R,3'R,6'R)-: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

Chemical: .beta.,.epsilon.-Carotene-3,3'-diol, (3R,3'R,6'R)-

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 (amended)

.beta.,.epsilon.-Carotene-3,3'-diol, (3R,3'R,6'R)-: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

Lutein was found to be present in a concentrated area of the macula, a small area of the retina responsible for central vision. The hypothesis for the natural concentration is that lutein helps protect from oxidative stress and high-energy light. Several studies show that an increase in macula pigmentation decreases the risk for eye diseases such as Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD).

Xanthophylls have antioxidant activity and react with active oxygen species, producing biologically active degradation products. They also can inhibit peroxidation of membrane phospholipids and reduce lipofuscin formation, both of which contribute to their antioxidant properties. Lutein is naturally present in the macula of the human retina. It filters out potentially phototoxic blue light and near-ultraviolet radiation from the macula. The protective effect is due in part, to the reactive oxygen species quenching ability of these carotenoids. Lutein is more stable to decomposition by pro-oxidants than are other carotenoids such as beta-carotene and lycopene. Lutein is abundant in the region surrounding the fovea, and lutein is the predominant pigment at the outermost periphery of the macula. Zeaxanthin, which is fully conjugated (lutein is not), may offer somewhat better protection than lutein against phototoxic damage caused by blue and near-ultraviolet light radiation. Lutein is one of only two carotenoids that have been identified in the human lens, may be protective against age-related increases in lens density and cataract formation. Again, the possible protection afforded by lutein may be accounted for, in part, by its reactive oxygen species scavenging abilities. Carotenoids also provide protection from cancer. One of the mechanisms of this is by increasing the expression of the protein connexin-43, thereby stimulating gap junctional communication and preventing unrestrained cell proliferation.