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HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemistry Print Report · For research reference only
HCID 5284430Generated: November 2, 2026

Nicotine hydrochloride

Nicotine hydrochloride · Hydrochloric acid nicotine

https://huagongshe.com/en/chemical/5284430

Nicotine hydrochloride molecular structure

Identifiers & Physical Properties

CAS No.21361-93-3
Molecular formulaC10H15ClN2
Average molar mass198.69 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass198.0923762 g/mol
SMILESCN1CCC[C@H]1c1cccnc1.Cl
InChIKeyHDJBTCAJIMNXEW-PPHPATTJSA-N
PubChem CID5284430
ChEMBLCHEMBL225057
DTXSIDDTXSID40943922

Chemical & Physical Properties

Topological polar surface area16.1
Hydrogen bond donors1
Hydrogen bond acceptors2
Rotatable bonds1
Heavy atoms13
Formal charge0
Complexity147
DensityDENSITY 1.0337 /D-FORM/
Color/FormColorless oil
SolubilityAll salts are soluble in water, alcohol, and ether /Nicotine salts/
DecompositionWhen heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide./
Optical RotationCrystals. Delliquescent. Specific optical rotation = +104 deg at 20 °C/D ( p = 10) /l-Form/
Physical DescriptionNicotine hydrochloride appears as a white crystalline solid. Combustible, although ignition may be difficult. Toxic by inhalation (dust, etc.) and skin absorption. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.
FDA UNIIELZ2L53YNE
EPA Substance Registry SystemPyridine, 3-[(2S)-1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl]-, hydrochloride (2820-51-1)
UN transport numberUN 1656 6.1/PG II/III (NICOTINE HYDROCHLORIDE, LIQUID or SOLUTION)
Hazard class6.1(a)
Packing groupII
Hazardous substances data2820-51-1(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicityguinea pig,LDLo,intraperitoneal,32mg/kg (32mg/kg),BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLDLUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION,Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science. Vol. 25, Pg. 83, 1947.

Safety & Regulations

DOT labelPoison
Fire hazardsExcerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
Health hazardsExcerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:· Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.
DOT ID and guide1656 1513444 151
Reactive groupAmines, Phosphines, and Pyridines
RCRA requirementsP075As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when nicotine and salts, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)). /Nicotine and salts/
Reactivity ProfileThe chloride salt of nicotine-An alkaloid produced from tobacco. Colorless, oily liquid, combustible, highly toxic. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 919].
DOT Emergency Guidelines/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Nicotine hydrochlorideNicotine hydrochloride, liquidNicotine hydrochloride, solidNicotine hydrochloride, solution//GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. /Nicotine hydrochloride

Applications & Uses

General Description

A white crystalline solid. Combustible, although ignition may be difficult. Toxic by inhalation (dust, etc.) and skin absorption. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at lease 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Nicotine hydrochloride
/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY
it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Nicotine hydrochloride
For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for NICOTINE HYDROCHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
DOT Hazard ClassificationNicotine hydrochloride, solidUN3444Div 6.1 Poisonous materials (49 eCFR § 173.132)PG II: the degree of danger presented by the material is medium
Air and Water ReactionsSoluble in water.
EPA Hazardous Waste NumberP075An acute hazardous waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate.
Toxic Combustion ProductsToxic oxides of nitrogen are produced during combustion of this material.
Fire fightingExcerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:
Accidental release measures· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
First aidExcerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:General First Aid:
Exposure control and personal protection· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Fire fighting proceduresWear positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.If material is on fire or involved in a fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty. Use water in flooding quantities of fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.
Nonfire spill responseExcerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:
Disposal methodsGenerators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P075, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.
Preventive MeasuresAvoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ... If contact with the material is anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.If material is not on fire and not involved in a fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers.
Isolation and EvacuationExcerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:Immediate precautionary measure
Threshold Limit Values (TLV)8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.5 mg/cu m, skin. /Nicotine/Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles.SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.
Emergency Response Planning GuidelinesSmall Fire
Human Toxicity Excerpts/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ An iv dose of 1.0 mg nicotine hydrochloride ... given to 4 volunteers produced vasoconstriction of the skin and slight to moderate increase of respirations, heart rate, and blood pressure without any serious toxic effect.
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Systemic administration of nicotine HCl (0.5 mg/kg) /to cats/ prior to arecoline injection resulted in significant reduction in elicited attack and threat behaviors. Nicotine (0.075-0.500 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent suppression of natural predatory behavior as well./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Male mice treated with nicotine hydrochloride either acutely (5 mg/kg ip) or subchronically (5 mg/kg ip daily for 3 weeks25 mg/liter in drinking water for 2-3 months) showed no evidence of hepatic dysfunction, as measured by serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase or serum alkaline phosphatase activities. Neither acute nor subchronic administration modified the hepatotoxic response to a potent hepatotoxin (carbon tetrachloride), nor that of less potent hepatotoxins chloroform or 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane, nor was the cholestatic effect of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate modified./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Sc injection of nicotine hydrochloride 2.5 mg/kg every 12 hr for 3-4 weeks into mice increased food consumption, increased wt gain, and increased the cerebral noradrenaline content from 0.630 to 0.841 gamma/g, without significantly altering body lipids or amine content of peripheral tissues./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Solution of 0.09375 and 0.0625% nicotine-HCl and 1% nicotinic acid were administered continuously in drinking water to 7-, 5-, and 6-wk-old Swiss albino mice for the remainder of their lifetime. The consumption of the chemical resulted in no apparent carcinogenic action in the treated animals./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ In chick embryos treated with nicotine hydrochloride on the 2nd, 3rd, & 4th day of incubation, hearts were smaller than normal, with an irregular beat, & blood circulation was slow and erratic. In most embryos hematomas were present in heart. Several cardiac malformations were also found.
Antidote and Emergency TreatmentImmediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Nicotine and Related Compounds/Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Aggressive airway management may be needed. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nicotine and Related Compounds/Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nicotine and Related Compounds/Emergency and supportive measures: Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen. Treat seizures, coma, hypotension, hypertension, and arrhythmias if they occur. observe for at least 4-6 hours to rule out delayed toxicity, especially after skin exposure. For ingestion of intact gum tablets or transdermal patches, observe for a longer period (up to 12-24 hours). /Nicotine/For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for NICOTINE HYDROCHLORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Non-Human Toxicity ValuesLD50 Mouse ip 13,500 mg/kgLD50 Mouse sc 31,900 ug/kg
CERCLA reportable quantitiesPersons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). /Nicotine and salts/
UN transport numberUN 3444 6.1/PG II (NICOTINE HYDROCHLORIDE, SOLID)
Toxicityguinea pig,LDLo,intraperitoneal,32mg/kg (32mg/kg),BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLDLUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION,Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science. Vol. 25, Pg. 83, 1947.
Hazard class6.1(a)
Packing groupII
Hazardous substances data2820-51-1(Hazardous Substances Data)