1-Methyl-1-nitroso-3-(3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)urea

UsesIt is a compound containing N-nitroso ,it acts as a nitric oxide donor in pancreatic islets ; it can induce the death of diabetic animal model style of insulin-secreting cells . Efficient DNA methylation agent, can induce chromosome breakage.it has cell toxicity On the neuroendocrine tumor cell lines with the expression of GLUT2 glucose transporter (GLUT2 glucose transporter) . Streptozocin is used for inducing Type 1 diabetes in Medical researches .

DescriptionStreptozotocin (STZ) was originally identified in the late 1950s as an antibiotic and was discovered in a strain of the soil microbe Streptomyces achromogenes. In the mid-1960s, STZ was found to be selectively toxic to the beta cells of the pancreatic islets and thus it is used in animal model of diabetes and as a medical treatment for cancers of the beta cells. STZ’s use in cancer chemotherapy received Food and Drug Administration approval in July 1982 and the drug was subsequently marketed as Zanosar.

Usesantineoplastic, alkylating agent

UsesStreptozotocin is used in the treatment metastatic cancer of the pancreatic islet cells. Streptozotocin has a highlrisk of toxicity and is generally limited to cancers that are inoperable.

Usessomatostatin octapeptide analog

UsesStreptozotocin is an unusual aminoglycoside containing a nitrosoamino group produced by Streptomyces achromogenes and discovered in 1959 as an antibiotic. The nitrosoamino group enables the metabolite to act as a nitric oxide (NO) donor. NO is an important messenger molecule involved in many physiological and pathological processes in the body. Streptozotocin is also widely used to induce diabetes in rodent models by inhibition of β-cell O-GlcNAcase.

General DescriptionStreptozocin is available in 1-g vials for IV administrationin the treatment of metastatic islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas,colon cancer, and Hodgkin’s disease. Activation resultsin the formation of methyl carbonium ions, which alkylateDNA, but the agent is less effective in alkylating DNAand carbamylating proteins than other nitrosoureas, which isbecause in part of an intramolecular carbamoylation. The internalcarbamate group migration occurs via the hydroxylgroups of the glucose portion of the molecule. There is a reducedeffect on RNA function compared with other nitrosoureasas well. The hydrophilic agent is rapidly clearedfrom the plasma with an elimination half-life of 35 minutes.The presence of the glucose moiety allows for utilization ofglucose transporters, which concentrate the compound inthe -cells of the pancreas. The metabolism of the agent hasnot been well characterized. Renal toxicity is dose limitingand may present initially as proteinuria and azotemia butmay progress to renal failure. Nausea and vomiting may besevere with the agent, whereas myelosuppression is generallymild. Normal glucose metabolism may be altered sothat hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia may be seen. In someanimal species, streptozocin produces diabetes but muchmilder effects are seen in man.