Basic information
- CAS
15091-79-9- Standard SMILES
[Ga]- InChIKey
GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N- Molecular formula
- Ga
- Average molar mass
- 69.723 g/mol
- Monoisotopic mass
- 68.9255736
Overview
Gallium is a silvery-white liquid or a soft, malleable solid at room temperature. Ingestion of this material may be toxic. It is corrosive to aluminum. If exposed to high temperatures, gallium may emit toxic fumes which may form a corrosive alkaline solution with water. It is soluble in most acids and alkalis. It is used as a semiconductor material.
Names & identifiers
- Preferred name
- Gallium
- IUPAC
- gallium
Names & synonyms
GALLIUM7440-55-3CH46OC8YV4DTXSID401029758CHEBI:49631Gallium MetallicumRefChem:55245231-163-8DTXCID5047661Gagallium atomgalio
Show more names
Gallium ingotGallium metalMFCD00134045223569-31-1Gallium pellets, 6mm diaGALLIUM69Gallium, elementalGallium(1+)
Database identifiers
- CAS
15091-79-9、7440-55-3- PubChem CID
- 5360835
- DTXSID
DTXSID401029758- ChEMBL
CHEMBL1201200- ChEBI
CHEBI:49631- UNII
- CH46OC8YV4
- EC Number
- 231-163-8
Properties
Computed structural properties
- Topological polar surface area
- 0 Ų
- Hydrogen bond donors
- 0
- Hydrogen bond acceptors
- 0
- Rotatable bonds
- 0
- Heavy atoms
- 1
- Formal charge
- 0
- Complexity
- 0
Experimental & physicochemical properties
Chemical Classes
Metals -> Elements, Metallic
Corrosives
SpringerMaterials Propertieselectron density of states
Density
6.0947 @ 29.8 °C (liquid); 5.9037 @ 29.65 °C (solid)
5.904 @25 °C
Viscosity1.819 cP @ 32 °C (dynamic)
Color/FormGrayish metal, possesses a greenish-blue reflection or silver-like when molten; has a crystalline ortho-rhombic texture
SolubilitySol in acid, alkali; slightly sol in mercury
CorrosivityAt a temperature of 500-100 °C or more, gallium is very corrosive to most metals.
Boiling Point
Approx 2400 °C
2204 °C @760 [mm Hg]
Melting Point
29.78 °C
29.78 °C
Safety & regulation
GHS classification
GHS Classification
This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 2.3% (9 of 388) of reports.
Danger
H290 (32.5%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]
P234, P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P330, P363, P390, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)
Aggregated GHS information provided per 388 reports by companies from 14 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.
Hazard information
Regulatory Information
Chemical: Gallium
Gallium is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Gallium are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)
Status: Active Update: 06-07-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/23228
Gallium: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard
The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)
DOT LabelCorrosive
Fire Hazards
Excerpt from ERG Guide 172 [Gallium and Mercury]:
· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may react upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
Health Hazards
Excerpt from ERG Guide 172 [Gallium and Mercury]:
· Inhalation of vapors or contact with substance will result in contamination and potential harmful effects.
Hazards SummaryToxic by ingestion; Corrosive to aluminum; May form corrosive alkaline solution in water; [CAMEO] Probably a skin and eye irritant; After absorption, it is stored in the bone and excreted in the urine. [HSDB]
Chemistry & industry
Pharmacology
Absorption, Distribution and ExcretionGallium goes to the bone in less than 4 hr, where it is retained for longer than 3 months. Excretion of gallium is by the urine; more than 85% of a near toxic dose is thus eliminated.
Uses & manufacturing
Uses
Used as a semiconductor; [CAMEO] Gallium is extracted during the production of aluminum oxide. GaP and GaAs are two compounds of importance to industry for the production of light emitting diodes (LEDs). GaAs is used to produce integrated circuits. [Ullmann]
Semiconductor Manufacturing [Category: Industry]
The metal has no significant commercial uses; its compounds are used as semiconductors.
High temperature thermometers, in solid-state devices such as transistors, and in dental alloys.
The metal has no significant commercial uses; its compounds are used as semiconductors.
U.S. Imports(1996) 30,000 kg; (1997) 19,100 kg; (1998) 26,300 kg; (1999) 24,100 kg; (2000) 36,000 kg
U.S. Production
2023: 1,000,000 - <2,500,000 lb
No domestic production of primary gallium was reported in 2000.
No US production in 1996-2000.
Consumer UsesOther
Industry UsesAlloys
Methods of Manufacturing
Extraction of gallium as gallium by ethyl ether or isopropyl ether and subsequent electrodeposition from an alkaline gallium oxide solution.
The metal is recovered by controlled electrolysis of the concentrated alkaline liquors that are by-products of the extraction of aluminum and zinc from their ores; purification of bauxite by Bayer process results in the concentration of gallium in the alkaline solutions of an aluminum: gallium ratio of 5000:300; electrolysis using a mercury electrode gives a further concentration and further electrolysis using a stainless-steel cathode of the resulting sodium gallate affords liquid gallium metal.
Related reactions
12 records
Compound notes
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