Naltrexone Hydrochloride

Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Alcohol Deterrents; Narcotic Antagonists

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

Danger

H302 (97.6%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P203, P233, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P317, P318, P321, P330, P333+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P403, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 83 reports by companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Tolerance can develop, in which the person needs larger doses to achieve the desired effect; this can lead to overdose and death. Accidents or injury can also occur due to the side effects of loss of coordination, slowed reaction time, sleepiness and impaired judgment. Drugs in this category have a high potential for physical and psychological dependence.

Naltrexone is a pure opiate antagonist and has little or no agonist activity. The mechanism of action of naltrexone in alcoholism is not understood; however, involvement of the endogenous opioid system is suggested by preclinical data. Naltrexone is thought to act as a competitive antagonist at mc, kappa, and delta receptors in the CNS, with the highest affintiy for the mu receptor. Naltrexone competitively binds to such receptors and may block the effects of endogenous opioids. This leads to the antagonization of most of the subjective and objective effects of opiates, including respiratory depression, miosis, euphoria, and drug craving. The major metabolite of naltrexone, 6-beta-naltrexol, is also an opiate antagonist and may contribute to the antagonistic activity of the drug.

Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank 2.0)

Naltrexone hydrochloride

Ambiguous-DILI-concern

3

Warnings & precautions

DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015

Hepatic. When administered orally, naltrexone undergoes extensive biotransformation and is metabolized to 6 beta-naltrexol (which may contribute to the therapeutic effect) and other minor metabolites. Route of Elimination: Both parent drug and metabolites are excreted primarily by the kidney (53% to 79% of the dose), however, urinary excretion of unchanged naltrexone accounts for less than 2% of an oral dose and fecal excretion is a minor elimination pathway. The renal clearance for naltrexone ranges from 30 to 127 mL/min and suggests that renal elimination is primarily by glomerular filtration. Half Life: 4 hours for naltrexone and 13 hours for the active metabolite 6 beta-naltrexol.

NALTREXONE HYDROCHLORIDE

Opioid Antagonists [MoA]; Opioid Antagonist [EPC]

Substances interfering with the metabolism of ethyl alcohol, causing unpleasant side effects thought to discourage the drinking of alcoholic beverages. Alcohol deterrents are used in the treatment of alcoholism.

Agents inhibiting the effect of narcotics on the central nervous system.

Used as an adjunct to a medically supervised behaviour modification program in the maintenance of opiate cessation in individuals who were formerly physically dependent on opiates and who have successfully undergone detoxification. Also used for the management of alcohol dependence in conjunction with a behavioural modification program.