Sulfur fluoride (S2F10)

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Sulfur pentafluoride:

(General first aid procedures)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

0.001 [ppm]

Ceiling Limit: 0.01 ppm

0.001 ppm (0.1 mg/m3) [2020]

0.02 [ppm]

0.025 ppm (0.25 mg/m³)

TWA 0.025 ppm (0.25 mg/m3) See Appendix G

0.000091 [ppm]

0.0010 [ppm]

1.0 [ppm]

0.01 ppm (0.1 mg/m³)

C 0.01 ppm (0.1 mg/m3)

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Sulfur pentafluoride:

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.

Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.]

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for Disulfur decafluoride (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The effects of disulfur decafluoride on the lungs following acute inhalation exposure have been investigated. When one rat was exposed to 18,868 mg/cu m (1780 ppm), the animal died within 1 hour, showing pulmonary hemorrhages and considerably fluid-filled chest cavity. Exposure to 106 and 10.6 mg/cu m (10, 1 ppm), for 1 hour, caused diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage and severe pulmonary congestion, respectively, in the rats (n=1/group) killed immediately after ending exposure while no lung lesions were seen in the animals (n=2/group) killed 24 hours later. No effects were observed after 1-hour exposure to 1.1 mg/cu m (0.1 ppm). Using longer exposure periods, all 6 rats died within 16 hours when exposed to 10.6 mg/cu m (1 ppm), the lungs being extensively hemorrhaged and the chest cavities filled with fluid. No mortality was observed in rats (n=6) exposed to 5.3 mg/cu m (0.5 ppm), for 18 hours. After exposure to 1.1 mg/cu m (0.1 ppm), for 18 hours, the lungs of the rats (n=6) only showed generalized pinkness indicative of irritation, but there were no microscopic changes. No macro- or microscopic effects were observed after an 18-hour exposure to 0.1 mg/cu m (0.01 ppm). /The authors/considered disulfur decafluoride to be more toxic than phosgene. They attributed the pulmonary lesions to products of local hydrolysis of the decafluoride, such as hydrofluoric acid.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The LD50 of sulfur pentafluoride by intravenous injection for rabbits to be 5.8 mg/kg; death was due to fulminant pulmonary edema. ... Unlike phosgene, chlorine, and similar irritant gases, inhalation of sulfur pentafluoride does not injure the columnar epithelium of the respiratory tract, and exposure is not followed by bronchopneumonia.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ After intravenous injection of single doses into dogs (1-20 mg/kg bw; n=1-3/dose), respiratory, blood pressure, and heart rate effects were found within 40 seconds after injection. Hematocrit values always immediately increased, reaching high levels at death. The cause of death - occurring after 1 to 170 minutes without showing a relationship between dose and onset of death - was fulminant pulmonary edema. Other histological findings included endothelial damage to the cardiovascular system, thought to be the major effect finally leading to pulmonary edema, and subtle exudative and proliferative changes in glomeruli resembling early acute glomerulonephritis, thought to be secondary to anoxic anoxia. Repeated intravenous injections of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg induced similar but more gradual effects on the circulatory and respiratory system, and, eventually, death. Histological findings were also similar but less severe than those found in singly dosed animals.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Fluorine and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures adn treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Fluorine and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Fluorine and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Sulfur and related compounds/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for Disulfur decafluoride (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50 Mouse inhalation 1000 mg/cu m (10 min)

LC50 Rat inhalation 2000 mg/cu m (10 min)

LC50 Dog inhalation 4000 mg/cu m (10 min)

LC50 Cat inhalation 4500 mg/cu m (10 min)

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for Disulfur decafluoride (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.