Cadmium;dihydrate
Basic information
- CAS
21041-95-2- Standard SMILES
O.O.[Cd]- InChIKey
XIYPBSADJSJKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N- Molecular formula
- CdH4O2
- Average molar mass
- 148.44 g/mol
- Monoisotopic mass
- 149.924494
Overview
Cadmium hydroxide is a hydroxide of cadmium with the formula Cd(OH)2. It is used in storage battery anodes, in nickel-cadmium and silver-cadmium storage batteries, in cadmium plating, and to prepare other cadmium salts. Cadmium is a transition metal and chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. It is found naturally in the earth's crust, though rarely on it's own. (L6, L468)
Names & identifiers
- Preferred name
- Cadmium;dihydrate
- IUPAC
- cadmium;dihydrate
- English name
- Cadmium hydroxide
- Molecular formula
- CdH2O2
- Molecular weight
- 146.43
Names & synonyms
cadmium;dihydrateMFCD00015995EINECS 244-168-5AI3-09097UNII-6Y413R87BTCadmium hydroxide, Cd 75% minAKOS015903076Cadmium hydroxide, 99.98% (metals basis)Cadmium hydroxide, 99.99% trace metals basisEC 244-168-5Cadmium hydrateCadmium hydroxide
Show more names
Cadmium dihydoxidecadmiumdihydroxideCadmiumhydroxidePRSCADMIUM (II) HYDROXIDECADMIUM HYDROXIDE 98%Cadmium hydroxide, 99.98%CADMIUM HYDROXIDE, 99.99%Cadmium hydroxide, Cd 76%
Database identifiers
- CAS
21041-95-2- PubChem CID
- 62749
Properties
Computed structural properties
- Topological polar surface area
- 2 Ų
- Hydrogen bond donors
- 2
- Hydrogen bond acceptors
- 2
- Rotatable bonds
- 0
- Heavy atoms
- 3
- Formal charge
- 0
- Complexity
- 2.8
Physicochemical properties
- Melting point
- 232 °C · 232 °C(lit.)
- Density
- 4.79 g/mL · 4.79 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
- solubility
- 4 · Soluble in dilute acids, NH{4}Cl solutions
- form
- Powder
- Specific Gravity
- 4.79 · 4.79
- color
- white trigonal or hexagonal, hexane crystals, crystalline
- PH
- 9.36 · 9.36(1 mM solution);9.36(10 mM solution);9.36(100 mM solution)
- Water Solubility
- 0.026 g/100 · Soluble in dilute acids. Slightly soluble in water; 0.026 g/100 mL.
- Sensitive
- Air Sensitive
- Merck
- 14 · 14,1620
- Solubility Product Constant (Ksp)
- 14.14 · pKsp: 14.14
- Exposure limits
- 0.01 mg/m3; · ACGIH: TWA 0.01 mg/m3; TWA 0.002 mg/m3NIOSH: IDLH 9 mg/m3
- InChI
- 1S/Cd.2H2O/h;2*1H2/q+2;;/p-2
- InChIKey
- PLLZRTNVEXYBNA-UHFFFAOYSA-L
- SMILES
- O[Cd]O
Safety & regulation
Safety information is for reference only and does not replace the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS), applicable regulations, or professional assessment.
Safety & protection
Minimum Risk LevelAcute Inhalation: 0.00003 mg/m3 (L134)
Chronic Inhalation: 0.00001 mg/m3 (L134)
Intermediate Oral: 0.0005 mg/kg/day (L134)
Chronic Oral: 0.0001 mg/kg/day (L134)
Toxicology
TreatmentCadmium poisoning is treated by removal from exposure and supportive care. If ingested, induced vomiting or gastric lavage may be performed. (L139)
Health EffectsChronic exposure to cadmium fumes can cause chemical pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, and lung diseases such as bronchitis and emphysema. Cadmium also accumulates in the kidneys, causing permanent damage. Loss of bone density also occurs. (L6)
Exposure RoutesOral (L6) ; inhalation (L6) ; dermal (L6)
Toxicity Summary
Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and is transported to the kidney. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Accumulation of cadmium in the kidney results in increased excretion of vital low and high weight molecular proteins. Cadmium is a high affinity zinc analog and can interfere in its biological processes. It also binds to and activates the estrogen receptor, likely stimulating the growth of certain types of cancer cells and causing other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. Cadmium causes cell apoptosis by activating mitogen-activated protein kinases. (L8, A18, A19, A28)
Signs and SymptomsAcute inhalation of cadmium fumes results in metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Ingestion of cadmium causes vomiting and diarrhea. (L6)
Chemistry & industry
Pharmacology
Metabolism/Metabolites
Cadmium is absorbed from oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and albumin and is transported mainly to the kidney and liver. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Cadmium is not known to undergo any direct metabolic conversion and is excreted unchanged, mainly in the urine. (L6)
Uses & manufacturing
UsesCadmium hydroxide is used in storage battery anodes, in nickel-cadmium and silver-cadmium storage batteries, in cadmium plating, and to prepare other cadmium salts. (L468)
Applications
UsesCadmium hydroxide is used to prepare negative electrodes for cadmium-nickel batteries. It is a useful in biochemical for proteomics research. It may be used in cadmium plating and cadmium salt.
UsesIn storage battery electrodes.
Preparation methods
PreparationCadmium hydroxide may be precipitated by adding any cadmium salt solution to a boiling solution of caustic soda or caustic potash:CdCl2 + 2NaOH → Cd(OH)2 + 2NaCl.
Related reactions
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Compound notes
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