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Alhydrogel

HCID 6328211
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Basic information

CAS
14762-49-3
Standard SMILES
O.O.O.[Al]
InChIKey
MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular formula
AlH6O3
Average molar mass
81.028 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass
81.0132325

Overview

Aluminium hydroxide is a member of aluminium hydroxides. It has a role as an antacid and a flame retardant.

Names & identifiers

Preferred name
Alhydrogel
English name
Gibbsite (Al(OH)3)
Molecular formula
AlH3O3
Molecular weight
78

Names & synonyms

RefChem:556672TricreamalateAscriptinCalcitrelTrisogelKudroxMaaloxMaalox PlusSimeco SuspensionDi-Gel LiquidAKP-DA14762-49-3
Show more names
hydrargiliteGibbsite (AI(OH)3)alpha-aluminum hydroxide
Gibbsite (Al(OH)3)C 4dHSDB 575Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3)EINECS 244-492-7UNII-5QB0T2IUN0Arthritis Pain Formula Maximum StrengthC 31

Database identifiers

CAS
14762-49-3、21645-51-2
PubChem CID
6328211
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1200706
ChEBI
CHEBI:33130

Properties

Computed structural properties

Topological polar surface area
3 Ų
Hydrogen bond donors
3
Hydrogen bond acceptors
3
Rotatable bonds
0
Heavy atoms
4
Formal charge
0
Complexity
3.2

Experimental & physicochemical properties

Polymers · 3 items

Plastics -> Flame retardants

Plastics -> Other functions -> Pigment

Plastics -> Polyolefin-I; PUR; PA

Flame RetardantsFlame retardants

Physicochemical properties

Density
2.441 · monocl: 2.441; tricl: 2.42 [KIR78] [ROB78]
Melting point
165 °C · 165 °C (decomp)
InChI
InChI=1S/Al.3H2O/h;3*1H2/q+3;;;/p-3
InChIKey
WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K
SMILES
[Al](O)(O)O

Safety & regulation

Safety information is for reference only and does not replace the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS), applicable regulations, or professional assessment.

Hazard information

Regulatory Information · 2 items

Chemical: Gibbsite (Al(OH)3)

Gibbsite (Al(OH)3): Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

Other Safety InformationIMAP assessments - Gibbsite (Al(OH)3): Human health tier I assessment

Safety & protection

Minimum Risk LevelIntermediate Oral: 1.0 mg/kg/day (L134) Chronic Oral: 1.0 mg/kg/day (L134)

Toxicology

Treatment · 1 item

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

Health Effects · 1 item

Aluminum targets the nervous system and causes decreased nervous system performance and is associated with altered function of the blood-brain barrier. The accumulation of aluminum in the body may cause bone or brain diseases. High levels of aluminum have been linked to Alzheimer's disease. A small percentage of people are allergic to aluminium and experience contact dermatitis, digestive disorders, vomiting or other symptoms upon contact or ingestion of products containing aluminium. (L739, L740)

Chemistry & industry

Pharmacology

Metabolism/Metabolites · 1 item

Aluminum is poorly absorbed following either oral or inhalation exposure and is essentially not absorbed dermally. The bioavailability of aluminum is strongly influenced by the aluminum compound and the presence of dietary constituents which can complex with aluminum and enhance or inhibit its absorption. Aluminum binds to various ligands in the blood and distributes to every organ, with highest concentrations found in bone and lung tissues. In living organisms, aluminum is believed to exist in four different forms: as free ions, as low-molecular-weight complexes, as physically bound macromolecular complexes, and as covalently bound macromolecular complexes. Absorbed aluminum is excreted principally in the urine and, to a lesser extent, in the bile, while unabsorbed aluminum is excreted in the faeces. (L739)

MeSH Pharmacological Classification · 2 items

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

Substances that counteract or neutralize acidity of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.

Uses & manufacturing

Uses · 2 items

Plastics -> Typical concentration range in plastic materials -> 0.25 - 50.0%

Aluminium hydroxide is used as an antacid and included as an adjuvant in some vaccines. (L756)

Use Classification · 3 items

Plastics -> Other functions -> Pigment

Plastics -> Polymer Type -> Polyolefin-I; PUR; PA

Plastics -> Flame retardants

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Compound notes

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Exposure Routes
Oral (L739) ; inhalation (L739)
Toxicity Summary · 1 item

The main target organs of aluminum are the central nervous system and bone. Aluminum binds with dietary phosphorus and impairs gastrointestinal absorption of phosphorus. The decreased phosphate body burden results in osteomalacia (softening of the bones due to defective bone mineralization) and rickets. Aluminum's neurotoxicity is believed to involve several mechanisms. Changes in cytoskeletal protein functions as a results of altered phosphorylation, proteolysis, transport, and synthesis are believed to be one cause. Aluminum may induce neurobehavioral effects by affecting permeability of the blood-brain barrier, cholinergic activity, signal transduction pathways, lipid peroxidation, and impair neuronal glutamate nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway, as well as interfere with metabolism of essential trace elements because of similar coordination chemistries and consequent competitive interactions. It has been suggested that aluminum's interaction with estrogen receptors increases the expression of estrogen-related genes and thereby contributes to the progression of breast cancer (A235), but studies have not been able to establish a clear link between aluminum and increased risk of breast cancer (A15468). Certain aluminum salts induce immune responses by activating inflammasomes. (L739, A235, A236)

Signs and Symptoms · 1 item

Inhalating aluminum dust causes coughing and abnormal chest X-rays. A small percentage of people are allergic to aluminium and experience contact dermatitis, digestive disorders, vomiting or other symptoms upon contact or ingestion of products containing aluminium. (L739, L740)

Carcinogen Classification · 1 item

Not listed by IARC. IARC classified aluminum production as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), but did not implicate aluminum itself as a human carcinogen. (L135) A link between use of aluminum-containing antiperspirants and increased risk of breast cancer has been proposed (A235), but studies have not been able to establish a clear link (A15468).

Toxicity DataLD50: 1100 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (L757) LD50: >5000 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (A554)

Applications

UsesGibbsite (Al(OH)3) is a major mineral raw material used for aluminum refining and is also a raw material for manufacturing refractory materials and high-alumina cement.

Additional notes

DefinitionChEBI: Aluminium hydroxide is a member of aluminium hydroxides. It has a role as an antacid and a flame retardant.