Propyne

Other Classes -> Aliphatics, Unsaturated

Flammable agents - 4th degree

0.607 at 25 °C/4 °C

Density (liquid) at 250 deg K = 0.671 g/ cu m

Relative density (water = 1): 0.70

.607 (p> 1 atm)

1.41(relative gas density)

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)

In water, 3,640 mg/L at 25 °C

Very sol in alcohol; sol in chloroform, benzene

Solubility in water, g/100ml: 0.36

Insoluble

Flammable gas

NA (Gas)

-10 °F at 760 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

-23.2 °C

-23.2 °C

-10 °F

-23.3 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-10 °F

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

... Can decompose explosively at 4.5 to 5.6 atmospheres of pressure.

-153 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

-102.7 °C

-102.7 °C

-153 °F

-102.7 °C

-153 °F

Danger

H220 (98.8%): Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]

P203, P210, P222, P261, P271, P280, P304+P340, P319, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 346 reports by companies from 13 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Danger

H220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]

Chemical: 1-Propyne

1-Propyne is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 1-Propyne are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 19-05-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/24875

Methyl acetylene: HSNO Approval: HSR003018 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:

Extremely flammable. Gas/air mixtures are explosive.

Dangerous, when exposed to heat or flame

Induced decomposition of the endothermic hydrocarbon leads to flame propagation in absence of air above minimum pressures of 3.4 and 2.1 bar at 20 and 120 °C, respectively.

The gas is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible. As a result of flow, agitation, etc., electrostatic charges can be generated.

High concentrations (42,000 ppm) cause anesthesia in experimental animals; An explosion hazard--maintain concentrations below !0% of lower explosion limit (1700 ppm): [ACGIH] Possible frostbite from contact with liquid; [NIOSH] A respiratory tract irritant; Inhalation of high concentrations can cause CNS depression; [ICSC]

1-PROPYNE is highly flammable. The liquid material in cylinders contains about 30% propadiene. Detonation may occur at 95 °C [MCA Case History No. 632]. Reacts exothermically with many oxidizing agents and with some reducing agents as well. May react with silver, copper, and mercury salts in aqueous solution to give explosive acetylides. Incompatible with brass that contains more than 65% copper, with other copper-containing alloys, with Monel metal, with neoprene, polyethylene, and, to a lesser extent, with Teflon. May enflame in air in the presence of Co, Hg, Hg salts, K, Ag, Ag salts, RbH, CsH, halogens, HNO3, NaH. Can decompose explosively when compressed to 4.5 to 5.6 atmospheres. Moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame or by spontaneous chemical reaction. Has been known to decompose explosively at high pressures and moderate temperatures in the absence of air.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:

Shut off supply; if not possible and no risk to surroundings, let the fire burn itself out. In other cases extinguish with water spray. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Methyl acetylene:

(General first aid procedures)

On loss of containment this gas can cause suffocation by lowering the oxygen content of the air in confined areas.

The gas is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible. As a result of flow, agitation, etc., electrostatic charges can be generated.

Shut off supply; if not possible and no risk to surroundings, let the fire burn itself out; in other cases extinguish with water spray ... Keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

To fight fire, stop the flow of gas.

Evacuate danger area! Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. NEVER direct water jet on liquid. (Extra personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus).

IF...LEAKED, THE FOLLOWING STEPS SHOULD BE TAKEN: 1. REMOVE ALL IGNITION SOURCES. 2. VENTILATE AREA OF LEAK TO DISPERSE GAS. 3. STOP FLOW OF GAS. IF SOURCE OF LEAK IS CYLINDER & LEAK CANNOT BE STOPPED IN PLACE, REMOVE...TO SAFE PLACE IN OPEN AIR, KEEP PEOPLE AWAY, & REPAIR THE LEAK OR ALLOW THE CYLINDER TO EMPTY.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

METHYL ACETYLENE MAY BE DISPOSED OF 1. IF IN SMALL QUANTITIES, BY ALLOWING THE GAS TO ESCAPE INTO OPEN AIR AT A PLACE WHERE THERE ARE NO IGNITION SOURCES. 2. IF IN LARGE QUANTITIES, BY ALLOWING THE GAS TO BURN UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard (i.e., for liquids with a flash point <100 °F).

NO open flames, NO sparks, and NO smoking ... Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (eg, by grounding) if in liquid state. Use non-sparking handtools. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (eg, by grounding). Local exhaust or breathing protection ... Local exhaust or breathing protection.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1-PROPYNE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 77(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.94(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-propyne is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-propyne from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.011 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 4.31X10+3 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 3,640 mg/L(5). 1-Propyne is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). 1-Propyne readily volatilizes from dry and moist soil surfaces. 1-Propyne volatilizes readily from water and moist soil surfaces; therefore, biodegradation studies in these environments are difficult(SRC). Biodegradation studies in soil were not located(SRC, 2006).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 77(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.94(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-propyne is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.011 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 4.31X10+3 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 3,640 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 41 min and 2.5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 1-Propyne volatilizes readily from water and moist soil surfaces; therefore, biodegradation studies in these environments are difficult(SRC). Biodegradation studies in water were not located(SRC, 2006).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-propyne, which has a vapor pressure of 4.31X10+3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase 1-propyne is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.7 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 1-Propyne does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

inhalation, skin and/or eye contact (liquid)

Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Unconsciousness.

ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.

irritation respiratory system; tremor, hyperexcitability, anesthesia; liquid: frostbite

In a study conducted by the Ford Motor Co, 1-propyne was identified as constituting 1.07-1.34% of the total hydrocarbon exhaust from a engine burning an isooctane fuel(1). In a Sydney, Australia study using 67 gasoline-fueled cars, the 1-propyne composition of hydrocarbon exhaust (excluding methane gas) was 0.4 to 0.5%(2). 1-Propyne was detected in the exhaust of spark-ignited engines burning gasoline and various olefinic fuels(3). 1-Propyne concns of <0.01 to 21.2 ppm were detected in the exhaust of turbojet engines operated at simulated supersonic flight conditions(4).

The Koc of 1-propyne is estimated as 77(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.94(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-propyne is expected to have high mobility in soil.

SOURCE DOMINATED: Ambient air monitoring conducted at 1000 ft heights at 5 locations over and downwind from a petroleum refinery (Benicia,CA) in Sept 1975 found 1-propyne at levels below 0.5 ug/cu m(1). 1-Propyne was released at levels below the quantification limit from emissions of two different ships, MS Aurora and Stena Danica that traveled from Denmark to Sweden during 1995(2). 1-Propyne in the air near roadways, lead smelter plants, and cast iron factories in Egypt comprised of 0.56, 0.06 and 0.17% of the non-methane organic contaminants respectively(3). 1-Propyne in the air at bus garages and from motorcycle emissions in Egypt comprised of 0.0.-0.2 and 0.2% of the non-methane organic contaminants in these areas respectively(3). 1-Propyne has been estimated to be about 3.87% of total emissions released in the exhaust of small engines(4).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Sampling of air in Los Angeles, CA central business district on 9 days during Aug-Nov 1960 found 1-propyne concns ranging from <0.5 ppb (detection limit) to 6 ppb(1). Air monitoring of heavy afternoon haze in Riverside, CA during Aug-Nov 1965 found 1-propyne levels of 0-1.4 ppb(2). Ambient air monitoring conducted in Sydney, Australia during May 1979 to June 1980 (140 total air samples) found an avg 1-propyne concn of 0.5 ppb(3). 1-Propyne was detected in the air of Taipei with an average concentration of 0.4 ppbv and not detected in Hamburg, Germany; Chicago, Il; Athens, Greece or Osaka, Japan(4).

RURAL/REMOTE: An atmospheric concn of 0.054 ppb was detected at a rural site in Egbert, Ontario in Apr 1990(1). 1-Propyne was detected not quantified in the air above the Boden Forest, Canada from April 29-June 3 1993(2).

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ACUTE ... SYMPTOMS: Inhalation--dizziness, headache, nausea, unconsciousness. Skin--ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.

/CASE REPORTS/ A 33-year-old man died after intentionally inhaling a gaseous mix of methyl acetylene (propyne) and propadiene (allene) ... A comprehensive toxicological analysis revealed only a trace of diphenhydramine in the liver and 0.02 mg/L of morphine in the urine. Analysis of blood by headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) detected two unknown peaks. ... MAPP was quantitated in femoral blood (59.6 mg/L) and brain (43.6 mg/kg) using a HS-GC method.

/BIOMONITORING/ Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry has been used to measure propyne in exhaled air.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Propyne is 18 times as potent as acetylene in causing CNS depression.

1-Propyne's production and use as a synthetic intermediate, specialty and welding torch fuel(1,2) as well as its emission as a byproduct of automobile and turbine engine combustion(3) result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

A Rhodococcus species isolated from soil was able to use 1-propyne(1).

AEROBIC: 1-Propyne volatilizes readily from water and moist soil surfaces; therefore, biodegradation studies in these environments are difficult. (SRC)

Propyne

1

10000

Flammable chemical that can be released at a facility.

Propyne has been detected in exhaled air at 0.81 mg/hr in nonsmokers, and at 1.1 and 2.3 mg/hr in smokers.

... /Propyne/ can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

Used as a welding fuel and chemical intermediate; [ACGIH]

Gas Welding and Cutting [Category: Weld]

... Propyne is used as a welding torch fuel, as a specialty fuel, and chemical intermediate.

2023: 1,000,000 - <8,500,000 lb

This chemical is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#3932]

Thermal or catalytic pyrolysis of propene

Propyne and propadiene can be recovered from cracked gas by solvent extraction.

In ethylene plants ... removed by selective hydrogenation of the C3 stream after it has been separated from heavier hydrocarbons.

Petrochemical Manufacturing

1-Propyne: ACTIVE