Crotonic Acid

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Use water spray, foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention if skin irritation occurs.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Evacuate danger area! Remove all ignition sources. Consult an expert! Personal protection: face shield. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Let solidify. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Neutralize spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

Immediate precautionary measure

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 59(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 0.72(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that crotonic acid is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of trans-crotonic acid is not expected to be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.4X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined from a vapor pressure of 0.18 mm Hg at 20 °C(4) and a measured water solubility of 8.6X10+4 mg/l at 25 °C(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 59(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 0.72(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that crotonic acid is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). trans-Crotonic acid is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.4X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined from a vapor pressure of 0.18 mm Hg at 20 °C(4) and a measured water solubility of 8.6X10+4 mg/l at 25 °C(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF value of 2.1(3,SRC), from a measured log Kow(2), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Crotonic acid was biodegraded by anaerobic bacteria to butyrate and acetate(7-9). After a lag period of 2 days, crotonic acid was metabolized, at a rate of 200 mg/l day, by anaerobic bacteria acclimated to acetate culture(9). Crotonic acid reached 44% of its theoretical BOD in 5 days using a sewage inoculum(10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), trans-crotonic acid, which has a vapor pressure of 0.18 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase trans-crotonic acid is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 17 hours(3,SRC).

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain. Burning sensation. Burns.

Sore throat.

Crotonic acid was identified as an oxygenated organic emission from bench-scale fires using individual components derived from ponderosa pine as fuel(1). Smoldering wood fires emitted crotonic acid at a mean concentration of 0.068 g/kg; smoldering needle fires emitted crotonic acid at a mean concentration of 0.037 g/kg; smoldering bark fires emitted a mean crotonic acid concentration of 0.039 g/kg; self-sustained smoldering bark fires emitted 0.03 g/kg crotonic acid; and smoldering litter (consisting primarily of loose brown needles, with lesser amounts of cones, bark, grass) fires emitted a mean concentration of 0.04 g/kg crotonic acid(1).

The Koc of crotonic acid is estimated as approximately 59(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 0.72(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that crotonic acid is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).

Crotonic acid's production and use in the synthesis of resins, polymers, plasticizers, and drugs(1) may result in its release to the environment(SRC). Only the trans form of crotonic acid and its derivatives have industrial importance as monomers in copolymerization reactions and as intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals or fungicides(2).

Crotonic acid (mixture) was identified as being amenable to anaerobic biodegradation(1). Anaerobic bacteria isolated from mesophilic digester sludge acclimatized with 4-chlorobutyrate tentatively classified in the genus Clostridium, degraded crotonate to butyrate, acetate, and hydrogen(2). Ilyobacter polytropus anaerobically degraded crotonate to butyrate and acetate(2). Crotonate was degraded by an anaerobic bacterium to butyrate and acetate(3). After a lag period of 2 days, crotonic acid (isomer not specified) was metabolized, at a rate of 200 mg/l day, by anaerobic bacteria acclimated to acetate culture(4). Crotonic acid (isomer not specifed) reached 44% of its theoretical BOD in 5 days using a sewage inoculum(5).

An estimated BCF value of 2.1 was calculated for crotonic acid(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 0.72(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).