trans-Stilbene

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then dampen the solid spill material with toluene, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with toluene to pick up any remaining material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent-wash all contaminated surfaces with toluene followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 9,850(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 4.81(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that trans-1,2-diphenylethylene is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of trans-1,2-diphenylethylene from moist soil surfaces is expected given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 0.29 mg/l(4) and a vapor pressure of 8.8X10-4 at 25 °C(5), however, adsorption to soil may attenuate this process(SRC). trans-1,2-Diphenylethylene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 9,850(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 4.81(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that trans-1,2-diphenylethylene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). trans-1,2-Diphenylethylene is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 0.29 mg/l(4) and a vapor pressure of 8.8X10-4 at 25 °C(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 and 140 hours, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment. The estimated volatilation half-life from a model pond is 90 days if adsorption is considered(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 1,000(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), trans-1,2-diphenylethylene, which has a vapor pressure of 8.81X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase trans-1,2-diphenylethylene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone molecules(SRC). The half-life for the reaction in air with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be 6 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). The half-life for the reaction in air with ozone is estimated to be 1 hour(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.5X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec(SRC), estimated with a structure estimation method(3).

The Koc of trans-1,2-diphenylethylene is estimated as 9,850(SRC), using a log Kow of 4.81(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that trans-1,2-diphenylethylene is expected to be immobile in soil.

An estimated BCF of 1,000 was calculated for trans-1,2-diphenylethylene(SRC), using a log Kow of 4.81(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for trans-1,2-diphenylethylene is estimated as 7.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure, 8.81X10-4 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 0.29 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that trans-1,2-diphenylethylene is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 2 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 140 hours(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 90 days if adsorption is considered(4). trans-1,2-Diphenylethylene's estimated Henry's Law constant(1,2) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC), however, adsorption to soil may attenuate this process(SRC). trans-1,2-Diphenylethylene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

trans-Stilbene oxide (TSO, 2 mmol/kg ip.) induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) to 60-fold and 5-fold of the controls, respectively, in the liver of rats. Parallel to ODC induction, there was a marked increase in putrescine content to 50-fold of the control levels. cis-Stilbene oxide (CSO), a stereoisomer of TSO, also produced the induction of ODC and SAMDC and the increase in putrescine content. There was no difference in the ability to induce ODC and SAMDC between TSO and CSO with respect to the extents of induction and the time needed to reach maximal levels. trans-Stilbene (TS), a mother compound of TSO, did not show such an effect on ODC, while cis-stilbene (CS) induced both ODC and SAMDC. Treatment with glutathione inhibited TSO- and CSO-mediated induction of ODC and SAMDC. These findings add new information concerning the abilities of TSO, CSO and CS on hepatic polyamine metabolism.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of trans-1,2-diphenylethylene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 6.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 6 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of trans-1,2-diphenylethylene with ozone molecules has been estimated as 2.5X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of 1 hour at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(1). trans-1,2-Diphenylethylene was converted to trans-1,2-diphenylethylene oxide (ratio of conversion was 44%) after 1 hour of irradiation with a xenon lamp (operating through a Pyrex filter) in the presence of nitrogen dioxide in air(2). trans-1,2-Diphenylethylene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis(SRC) due to the lack of functional groups to hydrolyze(3).

Occupational exposure to trans-1,2-diphenylethylene may occur through inhalation of dust particles and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where it is produced or used. Limited monitoring data indicate that non-occupational exposure can occur from the ingestion of contaminated drinking water. (SRC)

DRINKING WATER: Trans-1,2-diphenylethylene was detected in drinking water samples from Ottawa in January and February, 1978(1). Trans-1,2-diphenylethylene was quantitatively detected in drinking water in Poplarville, Mississippi in March 1989; Philadelphia, PA in February 1976; and in Ottumwa, Iowa in September 1976(2).

trans-1,2-Diphenylethylene's production and use in the manufacture of dyes and optical bleaches, and as phosphors and scintillators may result in its release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 8.81X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates trans-1,2-diphenylethylene will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase trans-1,2-diphenylethylene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone molecules. The half-life for the reaction in air with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be 6 hours. The half-life for the reaction in air with ozone is estimated to be 1 hour. If released to soil, trans-1,2-diphenylethylene is expected to have no mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 9,850. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces may be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole; however, adsorption to soil may attenuate this process. trans-1,2-Diphenylethylene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, trans-1,2-diphenylethylene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon its estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces may be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 and 140 hours, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment. The estimated volatilation half-life from a model pond is 90 days if adsorption is considered. An estimated BCF of 1,000 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high. Occupational exposure to trans-1,2-diphenylethylene may occur through inhalation of dust particles and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where it is produced or used. Limited monitoring data indicate that non-occupational exposure can occur from the ingestion of contaminated drinking water. (SRC)

LD50 Mouse oral 920 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse ip 6050 mg/kg