Neopentyl alcohol

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

...USE OF BARRIER CREAMS & PERSONAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING TO PREVENT SKIN CONTACT. CANISTER-TYPE RESPIRATORS CAPABLE OF ABSORBING ORG VAPOR WILL PROTECT AGAINST PULMONARY ABSORPTION IN...LOW LEVELS OF AIR CONTAMINATION. AIRLINE RESPIRATORS OR SELF-CONTAINED AIR...WHERE THERE IS HIGH-LEVEL... /PENTYL ALCOHOL/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 123(SRC), determined from an experimental log Kow(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that neopentyl alcohol will have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of neopentyl alcohol may be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.3X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from experimental values of vapor pressure(4) and water solubility(5) and from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based on an experimental vapor pressure of 16 mm Hg(4). Insufficient data are available to determine the rate or importance of biodegradation of neopentyl alcohol in soil(SRC) but the quarternary carbon structure would suggest that biodegradation may be slow(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 123(SRC), determined from an experimental log Kow(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that neopentyl alcohol may not adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC) in the water. Neopentyl alcohol may volatilize from water surfaces based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.3X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated using an experimental vapor pressure(3) and an experimental water solubility(4). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 18.3 hours and 8.4 days, respectively(5,SRC). An estimated BCF value of 5.8(5,SRC), from an experimental log Kow(2), suggests that neopentyl alcohol will bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC) according to a recommended classification scheme(6). Insufficient data are available to determine the rate or importance of biodegradation of neopentyl alcohol in water(SRC) but the quarternary carbon structure would suggest that biodegradation may be slow(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a suggested classification scheme(1), an experimental vapor pressure of 16 mm Hg at 25 °C(2) indicates that neopentyl alcohol will exist in the vapor-phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase neopentyl alcohol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 3.4 days(3,SRC). Neopentyl alcohol may be physically removed from the air by wet deposition(SRC).

The Koc of neopentyl alcohol is estimated as approximately 123(SRC), using an experimental log Kow of 1.31(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that neopentyl alcohol has high mobility in soil(SRC).

PENTYL ALCOHOL IS IRRITATING TO THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF THE EYES, NOSE, AND THROAT... THE COMPLAINTS FROM SYSTEMIC ILLNESS INCLUDE HEADACHE, DIZZINESS, NAUSEA, VOMITING, DIARRHEA, DELIRIUM, &.../CNS DEPRESSION/. /PENTYL ALCOHOL/

NO EFFECTS UPON NERVES OF SKIN OF MEN & NO LOCAL WHEAL FORMATION, ERYTHEMA, OR HYPEREMIA WERE OBSERVED...FOLLOWING APPLICATION OF ALL ISOMERS EXCEPT 1-PENTANOL. /AMYL ALCOHOL/

ACCORDING TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS, AMYL ALCOHOLS ARE ABOUT FOUR TIMES AS TOXIC AS ETHYL ALCOHOL. HOWEVER, BECAUSE OF THEIR LOW VOLATILITY &...LOW SOLUBILITY IN BODY FLUIDS, THEY ARE ABSORBED SLOWLY & ONLY TO SMALL EXTENT. /AMYL ALCOHOL/

The exposure of 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol for 5 min induced erythema in only 17% of the 12 human subjects over the subsequent 60 min.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for NEOPENTYL ALCOHOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Amyl alcohols, such as neopentyl alcohol, are used as pharmaceutical preparations, flotation agents, and in organic synthesis(1). Therefore, neopentyl alcohol's production and use in these areas may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

An estimated BCF value of 5.8 was calculated for neopentyl alcohol(SRC), using an experimental log Kow of 1.31(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will not be an important fate process(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for neopentyl alcohol is estimated as 5.3X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 16 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 3.5X10+4 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant value indicates that neopentyl alcohol will volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 18.3 hours(3,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 8.4 days(3,SRC). Neopentyl alcohol's vapor pressure(1) and Henry's Law constant(1,2,SRC) indicate that volatilization from dry and moist soil may occur(SRC).

ALL ISOMERS OF AMYL ALCOHOL ARE.../CNS DEPRESSANTS/, & IN HIGH DOSAGE LETHAL TO ANIMALS... /PENTANOLS/

2,2-Dimethyl-1-propanol (at concn of 50 mM) stimulates in vitro the peptidase activity (by 160%) but inhibits the esterase activity (by 76%) of carboxypeptidase A.

2,2-Dimethyl-1-propanol inhibits the cytochrome p450 dependent mixed function oxidases, specificaly aniline hydroxylase, in suspensions of rat liver microsomes.

The concn (H50) which caused 50% hemolysis of rabbit erythrocytes in isotonic saline, 1 hr at 37 °C, is 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol, 128 mM. The concn (ID50) required to produce 50% inhibition of cell growth of mouse fibroblast L cells is 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol, 10.8 mM.

All /amyl alcohols/ are appreciably irritating to the eyes and capable of causing transient corneal opacity. All are somewhat irritating to the uncovered skin when exposures are repeated and severely irritating when confined to the skin. All can be absorbed through the skin of animals in toxic amts when exposures are severe. High conc of vapor are irritating to the mucous membranes and typically cause central nervous system effects and death by respiratory failure. /Amyl alcohols/

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of neopentyl alcohol with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.66X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3.4 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC).