Tinopal DMS

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended regression classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1800 (SRC), determined from a measured water solubility of 5 mg/l(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that C.I. Fluorescent Brightener will have low mobility in soil(SRC). In one experiment, clean water was percolated through sludge containing fluorescent whitening agents. After 68 days the total amount leached from the original 216 mg C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 260 in 20 kg sludge was only 0.02%(6). As C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 3 is an ionic compound at environmental pHs, volatilization of this compound will not be important from moist soil surfaces(4,SRC). Based on limited data, C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 260 is expected to be resistant to aerobic biodegradation(SRC); C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 260 was not biodegraded in a standard 5 day BOD test(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1800(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility(3) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2), indicates that C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 260 may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). However, due to the ionic nature of C.I. Fluorescent Brightener, the retention of the brightener by ion-exchange processes(4,SRC), particularly on clay surfaces, and adsorption at mineral surfaces such as geothite(5,SRC), may lead to increased adsorption on some sediment and particulate surfaces(SRC). As C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 260 is an ionic compound, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4,SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), a BCF range of 1.4 to 28 in carp(3) suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Based on limited data, C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 260 is expected to be resistant to aerobic biodegradation in water(SRC); C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 260 was not biodegraded in a standard 5 day BOD test(7). In a river die-away test at which carbon dioxide production was measured in solutions of maximum 1000 ppb over a period of 35 days, no biodegradability was found(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: The ionic state of C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 260 makes this compound essentially non-volatile(1,SRC), therefore this compound will only exist in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 260 may be physically removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

The Koc of C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 260 is estimated as approximately 1800(SRC), using a water solubility of 5 mg/l(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 260 is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Due to the ionic nature of the brightener, the retention of C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 260 by ion-exchange processes(4,SRC), particularly on clay surfaces and adsorption at mineral surfaces such as geothite(5,SRC), may slow down or prevent leaching(SRC). In one experiment, clean water was percolated through sludge containing fluorescent whitening agents. After 68 days the total amount leached from the original 216 mg C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 260 in 20 kg sludge was only 0.02%(6).

Laboratory experiments showed that fluorescent whitening agents used in detergents are not readily biodegradable. Tests which used the oxygen consumption over 5 days as a measure of the ability of fluorescent agents to serve a substrate for bacterial growth gave no evidence of biodegradation; C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 260 had a BOD5 of zero. In a river die-away test at which carbon dioxide production was measured in solutions of maximum 1000 ppb over a period of 35 days, no biodegradability was found(1).

Fluorescent whitening agents are strongly adsorbed to soil. In one experiment, clean water was percolated through sludge containing fluorescent whitening agents. After 68 days the total amount leached from the original 216 mg C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 260 in 20 kg sludge was only 0.02%. The sludge had been exposed to natural weather and non-agricultural conditions(1).

FBA-260 GIVEN @ 40-1000 PPM IN DIET, HAD NO EFFECT ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF RATS THROUGH 3 SUCCESSIVE 2-LITTER GENERATIONS.

NO SIGNIFICANT ADVERSE EFFECTS WHEN TINOPAL AMS WAS FED FOR 2 YR TO RATS @ LEVELS OF 40, 200 OR 1000 PPM & FED TO DOGS @ LEVELS OF 2000 PPM FOR 2 YR.

FBA-260 SHOWED NO MUTAGENICITY IN DOMINANT LETHAL TESTS WHEN GIVEN @ 5000 MG/KG, ORALLY, TO MICE.

SKIN TUMORS WERE PRODUCED IN HAIRLESS MICE AFTER SEVERAL MONTHS DAILY EXPOSURE TO UV, VISIBLE & IR IRRADIATION. PRETREATMENT WITH TINOPAL AMS DID NOT PRODUCE PHOTOTOXICITY OR ENHANCE PHOTOCARCINOGENESIS.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for C.I. FLUORESCENT BRIGHTENER 260 (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 260 is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(1). Fluorescent whitening agents, which includes C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 260, have an UV absorption maximum between 340 to 360 nm in water and transform UV energy almost quantitatively into blue fluorescent light(2).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 231 workers (76 of these are female) are potentially exposed to C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 260 in the US(1). Occupational exposure to C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 260 may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 260 is produced or used(SRC). The general population may be exposed to C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 260 via dermal contact with consumer products (i.e. detergents) containing C.I. Fluorescent Brightener 260(SRC).