Chloroacetamide

Cosmetic ingredients (Chloroacetamide) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

Preservative

log Kow = -0.53

-0.53

-0.53

Crystals from water

Colorless to pale yellow crystals

In water, 90,000 mg/L at 25 °C

Solubility in water: 98 g/mL at 20 °C

Soluble in alcohol; insoluble in ether

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 98

170 °C

170 °C

Decomposes on heating. This produces toxic fumes including nitrogen oxides and chlorine.

When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride and nitrogen oxides/.

225 °C

Danger

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P203, P261, P264, P270, P272, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P318, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H301 (92.5%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P203, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P272, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P318, P321, P330, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Acetamide, 2-chloro-

Status: Active Update: 15-05-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/11045

2-Chloroacetamide: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Allergic contact dermatitis reported in hairdressers and shoemakers; [Kanerva, 1769] A skin and eye irritant; May cause skin sensitization; Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development. [ICSC] Danger of skin sensitization; [MAK]

Acute Tox. 3 (92.5%)

Acute toxicity - category 3

Acute toxicity (Oral) - Category 3

Repr. 2

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Spillage Disposal. Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

Do NOT take working clothes home.

Prevent dispersion of dust! Avoid all contact! Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

EC50; Species: Eisenia andrei (Earthworm) adult; topical >25 mg/kg dry soil for 28 days; Effect: decreased growth

LC50; Species: Eisenia andrei (Earthworm) adult; topical 23.3 mg/kg dry soil for 28 days

EC50; Species: Eisenia andrei (Earthworm) adult; topical 18.5 mg/kg dry soil for 56 days; Effect: decreased progeny counts

LC50; Species: Eisenia fetida (Earthworm) topical using filter paper 2.7 ug/sq cm for 48 hr

LC50; Species: Eisenia fetida (Earthworm) topical 38.5 mg/kg artificial soil for 14 days

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4.2(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.53(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that chloroacetamide is expected to have very mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of chloroacetamide from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.9X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Chloroacetamide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.1X10-2 mm Hg mm Hg at 25 deg (SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). Utilizing the Zahn-Wellens test, 90% biodegradation was reached in 6 days(5) indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4.2(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.53(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that chloroacetamide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.9X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(3) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A hydrolysis half-life of 53 days at pH 8(7) suggests that hydrolysis may be an important environmental fate process for chloroacetamide in alkaline waters(SRC). Utilizing the Zahn-Wellens test, 90% biodegradation was reached in 6 days(8) indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), chloroacetamide, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.1X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase chloroacetamide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.3X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Chloroacetamide does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

Based on the data included in this report and the reconfirmation that Chloroacetamide is a potential human sensitizer at use concentrations, the Expert Panel concludes that Chloroacetamide is unsafe for use as a cosmetic ingredient.

The ingredient is unsafe for use in cosmetics

Cough.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

Sore throat.

The Koc of chloroacetamide is estimated as 4.2(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.53(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that chloroacetamide is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Six subjects were used in a study of the effect of elicitation concentration in contact dermatitis testing. All of the subjects had positive reactions to a 1% solution of chloroacetamide in a Draize test conducted 6 months before the study reported here. Chloroacetamide at four concentrations in petrolatum (0.5, 0.1, 0.05, and 2%) was applied to the upper back of the subjects, and the reactions were scored. Four of the six subjects had positive reactions to the 2% concentration, and 1 subject had a positive reaction to the 0.5% concentration. None of the subjects had reactions to the 0.1 and 0.05% concentrations.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Chloroacetamide was patch tested on 465 dermatological patients ranging in age from 2 to 80 years, with an average age of 37 years. Chloroacetamide, 0.1% in petrolatum, was applied using the ICDRG procedure and scored at 24, 48, and 72 hr. Seven of the 465 subjects had a positive reaction to chloroacetamide. Of the 7 subjects who had positive reactions, 5 were younger women who had mainly facial lesions.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A mixture of 70% chloroacetamide and 30% sodium benzoate was tested for ocular irritation in humans. A 5% solution of this mixture was instilled without rinse into the human eye and caused slight discomfort, lacrimation, and blurred vision lasting 15 to 30 minutes.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ From February 1989 to January 1990, the Swiss Contact Dermatitis Research Group conducted a 1-year study to examine the frequency of sensitization to a series of 13 common preservatives. A group of 2295 consecutive outpatients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis (age range 7-90 years, with a mean age of 42; 911 males, 1384 females) was tested. The %s of positive reactions to the preservatives studied are as follows, in descending order: formaldehyde 5.7%, benzalkonium chloride 5.5%, Kathon CG 5.5%, thimerosal 4.2%, chlorhexidine digluconate 2.0%, DMDM hydantoin 1.7%, paraben mix 1.7%, chloroacetamide 1.5%, Bronopol 1.2%, imidazolidinyl urea 1.0%, quaternium 15 1.0%, triclosan 0.8%, 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol 0.4%. These relatively high values suggest a heavy exposure of the Swiss population to topical preservatives.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CHLOROACETAMIDE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Chloroacetamide's production and use as a chemical intermediate for the production of herbicides and insecticides(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). The compound was formerly used as a preservative in various cosmetics(2).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for chloroacetamide(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.53(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

CIR ingredient: Chloroacetamide

Used as a preservative in paints, glues, metalworking fluids, and leather; [Kanerva, p. 1769]

Metal Machining [Category: Heat or Machine]

Intermediate

Chloroacetamide is a versatile intermediate. In addition, it has biocidal properties and, therefore, is used as an industrial preservative. Because of its good solubility in water, chloroacetamide is a particularly suitable biocide for protection of the aqueous phase, ... in water-containing paints, and as a wood preservative. Its insecticidal action on aphids and its use as a hardener for urea and melamine resins have also been described.

FORMER USE: Chloroacetamide is used as a preservative and antiseptic in cosmetics. Its function is to retard the deterioration of cosmetic products by slowing the growth of bacteria or fungi.

(1986) 10 thousand-500 thousand pounds

(1990) 10 thousand-500 thousand pounds

(1998) 10 thousand-500 thousand pounds

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule.[Table#7102]

Prepared from ethyl chloroacetate and ammonia; ... from chloroacetyl chloride and ammonium acetate ... .

... Obtained on an industrial scale by reaction of methylchloroacetate with ammonia at low temperature. Manufacture from chloroacetic acid and cyanamide at 150 to 200 °C also has been described.