Lithium iodide
LiI · LITHIUM IODIDE · Lithium iodide (LiI) · Lithiumiodid · Tenephrol · Lithiumjodid · ithium iodide · Iodide lithiuM
Identifiers & Physical Properties
| CAS No. | 10377-51-2 |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | ILi |
| Average molar mass | 133.9 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic mass | 133.92048 g/mol |
| SMILES | [I-].[Li+] |
| InChIKey | HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| PubChem CID | 66321 |
| EC No. | 233-822-5 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID30908580 |
Chemical & Physical Properties
| Topological polar surface area | 0 |
|---|---|
| Hydrogen bond donors | 0 |
| Hydrogen bond acceptors | 1 |
| Rotatable bonds | 0 |
| Heavy atoms | 2 |
| Formal charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 2 |
| Density | 4.06 @25 °C3.49 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
| Boiling point | 1171 °C @760 [mm Hg] |
| Physical Description | Trihydrate: White, extremely hygroscopic solidSoluble in water[Hawley] White, light yellow, or pink odorless powder[MSDSonline] |
| Melting point | 446 °C(lit.) |
| Bulk density | 1000kg/m3 |
| Refractive index | 1.955 |
| Flash point | 1170-1190°C |
| Storage conditions | Store below +30°C. |
| Solubility | 1640g/l solubleSoluble in water, ethanol and acetone. |
| Physical state | powder |
| Color | White to yellow to beige |
| Specific gravity | 4.076 |
| Specific heat capacity | Cp(crystal): 0.38 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Sensitivity | Hygroscopic |
| Merck | 14,5535 |
| Stability | hygroscopic |
| Major applications | battery precursorscatalystsmaterial synthesis precursor |
| InChI | 1S/HI.Li/h1H/q+1/p-1 |
| InChIKey | HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| SMILES | [Li+].[I-] |
| Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances | LITHIUM IODIDE |
| FDA 21 CFR | 178.2010 |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 10377-51-2(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| FDA UNII | S6K2XET783 |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Lithium iodide (10377-51-2) |
| UNSPSC Code | 12352302 |
| NACRES | NA.23 |
| GHS pictogram | GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| GHS hazard statements | H315-H319 |
| GHS precautionary statements | P264-P280a-P305+P351+P338-P321-P332+P313-P337+P313 |
| Personal protective equipment (PPE) | dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves |
| Hazard symbols | Xi |
| Risk statements (R) | 36/38-36/37/38-22 |
| Safety statements (S) | 26-37/39 |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 1 |
| F | 3-8-10-23 |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| Customs code | 2827 60 00 |
| Storage class | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| REACH registrations | Active |
Safety & Regulations
| GHS classification | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 17.2% (43 of 250) of reports.WarningH302 (14%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]H315 (67.2%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]H319 (72.4%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]H335 (47.6%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposureRespiratory tract irritation]H400 (44%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 250 reports by companies from 13 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 43 of 250 reports by companies.There are 11 notifications provided by 207 of 250 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website. |
|---|---|
| Regulatory information | Chemical: Lithium iodide (LiI)Status: Active Update: 25-08-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/34023Lithium iodide (LiI): Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard |
| Other safety information | IMAP assessments - Lithium iodide (LiI): Human health tier I assessment |
| Hazards summary | An irritant[MSDSonline] See Iodine for the TLV of Iodides. |
| Hazard Classes and Categories | Skin Irrit. 2 (100%)Eye Irrit. 2 (100%)Acute Tox. 4 (14%)Skin Irrit. 2 (67.2%)Eye Irrit. 2 (72.4%)STOT SE 3 (47.6%)Aquatic Acute 1 (44%) |
| Threshold Limit Values (TLV) | 0.01 [ppm], inhalable fraction and vapor (iodides) |
| Protective Action Criteria (PAC) | 12 [mg/m3]130 [mg/m3]790 [mg/m3] |
| Adverse effects | Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxinNephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting. |
| F | 3-8-10-23 |
| Personal protective equipment (PPE) | dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 1 |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| Customs code | 2827 60 00 |
| Risk statements (R) | 36/38-36/37/38-22 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| GHS pictogram | GHS07 |
| Hazard symbols | Xi |
| Safety statements (S) | 26-37/39 |
| Storage class | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| GHS hazard statements | H315-H319 |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| GHS precautionary statements | P264-P280a-P305+P351+P338-P321-P332+P313-P337+P313 |
Applications & Uses
Description
Lithium iodide (chemical formula: LiI) is the compound of lithium and iodine. It can be used as an electrolyte in high-temperature batteries, long-life batteries which is required, e.g. by artificial pacemaker as well as in the electrolyte of dye-sensitized solar cells. In organic synthesis, it can be used for C-O bonds cleavage such as converting methyl esters to carboxylic acids. In addition, it can be used as a radio contrast agent for X-ray computed tomography imaging studies.
Uses
Lithium iodide can be used for the catalytic dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons. Oxidation of lithium iodide yields iodine which reacts with the hydrocarbon to form an organic iodide. The intermediate is dehydroiodinated to yield an olefin.For example, butane may be converted to butadiene.
Uses
Controls regioselectivity in palladium catalyzed allylic alkylation reactions.1
Uses
It is used as a absorbent in refrigeration process, as a catalyst, and in photography. It is also useful for organic synthesis, pessat iodination, cleavage of esters, ethers, epoxides, decarboethoxylation, carbonylation, and aldol condensation. It is used for manufacturing medicines and mineral waters. It is used in electochemicstry and redox reactions. Lithium iodide is also a catalyzed conjugate addition reaction of β-dicarbonyl compounds. It is also useful for tetrathioquinodimethane.
Uses
Controls regioselectivity in palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation reactions.
Preparation & Synthesis
Preparation
The laboratory preparation of lithium iodide is carried out in much the same way as the industrial preparation. Lithium iodide is prepared by the reaction of lithium hydroxide monohydrate or lithium carbonate with hydriodic acid, which may be prepared in situ by the reduction of iodine. The iodide is usually not isolated as the anhydrous material but is used as a solution or as the solid lithium iodide trihydrate. Hydriodic acid may be prepared by the reaction of hydrogen sulfide and iodine. The hydriodic acid solution must be kept under an inert atmosphere to prevent air oxidation to iodine. After combination of the acid with the lithium compounds, the solution may be evaporated to yield lithium iodide trihydrate, LiI· 3H20. The anhydrous material may be made by extremely careful dehydration of the trihydrate under vacuum and with slow heating. The lithium iodide or its trihydrate must be handled under an inert atmosphere to avoid oxidation of the iodide ion to iodine.
Preparation
The trihydrate salt is obtained by neutralization of lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate solution with pure hydriodic acid followed by concentration of the solution for crystallization: LiOH + HI → LiI + H2O When heated in a vacuum, the trihydrate dehydrates to anhydrous salt.