Acenaphthene

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:

Use water spray, dry powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or alcohol foam extinguishers. ... If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. ... The only respirators recommended for firefighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full face-pieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.

Foam, dry chemical, and carbon dioxide. /Coal tar pitch volatiles/

/During firefighting wear/ self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. /Coal tar pitch volatiles/

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Storage class (TRGS 510): Non Combustible Solids.

Store in a secure poison location. ... Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where this chemical is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential for fire or explosion hazard.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area after cleanup is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. ... May be isolated using bentonite lined dam.

IARC describes laboratory decontamination and destruction methods for some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in this publication. When dealing with compounds other than those listed, the efficiency of the methods should first be verified. Acenaphthene is not listed, but the methods may be applicable for the decontamination of its residues on glassware and petri dishes, for the clean-up of spills of liquid wastes, and for the clean-up of spills of the pure cmpd in solid state. /Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons/

... In surface waters, one-third of the total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is bound to larger suspended particles, another one-third is bound to finely dispersed particles, and the remaining one-third is present in dissolved form. The particle-bound portion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be removed by sedimentation, flocculation, and filtration processes. The remaining /material/ dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons usually requires oxidation for partial removal and/or transformation. /Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons/

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incineration or permanganate oxidation.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ACENAPHTHENE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts. The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ACENAPHTHENE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Human milk samples collected from 39 women in Beijing, China in 2005-2006 contained a mean acenaphthene concentration of 0.845 ng/g fresh weight(1); placenta collected from 27 women contained a mean acenaphthene concentration of 0.824 ng/g fresh weight(1); umbilical cord blood collected from 30 women contained a mean acenaphthene concentration of 0.229 ng/g fresh weight(1). Adipose tissue collected from Korean women in 2007-2008 contained a mean acenaphthene concentration of 6.4 ng/g lipid weight(2). Blood plasma collected from 111 human donors in Hong Kong in 2008 contained mean acenaphthene levels of 54.6 and 54.4 ng/g lipid in females and males respectively(3).

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill); Conditions: static bioassay; Concentration: 1,700 ug/L for 96 hr

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) weight 0.32-1.2 g; Conditions: freshwater, static, 21-23 °C, pH 6.5-7.9, hardness 32-48 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 28-34 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 0.3-9.7 mg/L; Concentration: 7200 ug/L for 24 hr />/= 80% purity/

LC50; Species: Mysidopsis bahia (mysid shrimp); Conditions: static bioassay; Concentration: 970 ug/L for 96 hr

LC50; Species: Cyprinodon variegatus (sheepshead minnow); Conditions: static bioassay; Concentration: 2,230 ug/L for 96 hr

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for ACENAPHTHENE (27 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc range of 2510 to 2.14X10+5 in soil(2,3), indicates that acenaphthene is expected to have slight to no mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of acenaphthene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.84X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Acenaphthene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.0022 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). The biodegradation half-life of acenaphthene in soil has been reported to range from less than 10 days(6) to over 100 days(7). The presence of acclimated microbes appears to be an important factor in the degradation rate(8). In addition, acenaphthene has been shown to biodegrade readily in acclimated soil at low concentrations (5 mg/kg), but not at high concentrations (500 mg/kg), perhaps due to toxicity to the microbes(9). Acenaphthene absorbs strongly at wavelengths >290 nm(10) and is expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis on soil surfaces exposed to sunlight(11). The photolysis of acenaphthene, sorbed on surfaces of needles of a spruce tree, had a half-life of 45 hours under sunlight irradiation(12).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc range of 2510 to 2.14X10+5(2,3) indicates that acenaphthene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.84X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 9.6 hours and 6.7 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is on the order of 1 to 10 months if adsorption is considered(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an observed BCF range of 254-1270(8) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high to very high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including acenaphthene, may not bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms which contain microsomal oxidase, such as some fish, as this enzyme enables the rapid metabolism of certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(9). The presence of acclimated microbes appears to be an important factor in the degradation rate in water(10). Acenaphthene was shown to biodegrade readily using acclimated groundwater aquifer inoculum, but very slowly using unacclimated or sterilized materials(10). The biotransformation half-lives for 2 mg/L of acenaphthene in pond and lake water with decreasing amounts of suspended solids range from 20 hours to 24.8 days for zero suspended solids(11). Acenaphthene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). Acenaphthene absorbs strongly at wavelengths >290 nm(12) and is expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis at water surfaces exposed to sunlight(13).

Acenaphthene was identified as a volatile component of cassava(1), roasted filberts(2) and nectarines(3). Assorted types of lima, pinto, red kidney, black, navy and mung beans, soybeans, split peas and lentils were found to contain acenaphthene at concentrations ranging from 2.8 to 49.2 ppb(4). Seven of 25 samples of margarines, butter and vegetable oils contained acenaphthene at concentrations of 2.9, 0.29, 1.43, 0.22, 1.1, 45 and 0.50 ug/kg(5). Foods collected from markets in Huelva, Spain in 2001 contained acenaphthene levels of 0.353-0.700 ng/g fresh wt in several fish products(6). Levels of acenaphthene detected in olive pomace oil in Spain ranged from 0.45-1.10 ug/kg(7). The following concentrations of acenaphthene (in ug/kg fresh wt) were detected in samples collected in the Czech Republic in 2003): cucumber, 0.07-0.45; parsley, 0.66-3.64; tomato, <0.07-0.16; apple, 0.17-0.31(8). Maximum acenaphthene levels (in ng/g wet wt) were detected in the following food items collected in Hong Kong in 2007: coconut milk (1.57), chicken breast (1.99), white wine (1.13), red wine (1.17), edible oils (1.34-3.07), pistachio (2.89), various seeds and nuts (1.57-3.09)(9). Acenaphthene was detected in the smoke from frying canola oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil and in fumes from fried chicken legs(10). Acenaphthene was detected in emissions from the charbroiling and grilling of beef and chicken(11).

Acenaphthene was detected in the following Finish cereal products, sampled in 1985(1):[Table#4133]

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

Oral (L10) ; inhalation (L10)

ENVIRONMENTAL: Milk samples collected from farms in France near potential contamination sources in March 2000 contained mean acenaphthene concentrations of 0.3-1.0 ng/g milk fat(1). In a nationwide study of milk samples collected from 45 dairy farms in the US in 2000-2001, acenaphthene was not detected at a detection limit of 180 ng/L(2). Human milk samples collected from 39 women in Beijing, China in 2005-2006 contained a mean acenaphthene concentration of 0.845 ng/g fresh weight(3).

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV.D.3.b).

Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations.

For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcinogenic effects of exposure to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons through ingestion of contaminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concentration should be zero, based on the nonthreshold assumption for this chemical. However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are estimated at 1X10-5, 1X10-6, and 1X10-7. The corresponding recommended criteria are 28.0 ng/L, 2.8 ng/L, and 0.28 ng/L, respectively. If these estimates are made for consumption of aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 311.0 ng/L, 31.1 ng/L, and 3.11 ng/L, respectively. /Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons/.

Derived from coal tar and used as a chemical intermediate in the production of dyes, plastics, insecticides, fungicides, and pharmaceuticals; [CAMEO]

For acenaphthene (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 442200) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Dye intermediate; manufacturing plastics; insecticide; fungicide.

Pharmaceuticals

PAHs are released into the environment via the combustion of fossil fuels, coke oven emissions and vehicle exhausts, as well as naturally from forest fires and volcanic eruptions. PAHs from these sources may contaminate nearly water systems. They are also found in coal tar and charbroiled food. (L10)

(1984) 6.49X10+7 g

(1986) 8.82X10+3 lb

High-temperature coal tars contain on average 0.3% of acenaphthene. It is also formed during coal tar distillation through hydrogenation of acenaphthalene. Acenaphthene is concentrated to ca. 25% in the coal tar fraction boiling between 230 and 290 °C (wash oil) with about 7% recovery rate from continuous tar distillation. The crystallizable acenaphthene fraction (bp ca. 270-275 °C) is obtained from the wash oil by redistillation. Alternatively, it can be removed directly during primary tar distillation. Technical acenaphthene (95-99%) is produced by crystallization in agitated coolers and centrifuges or by continuous countercurrent crystallization. The pure compound is obtained by further distillation and recrystallization.

By passing ethylene and benzene or naphthalene through a red hot tube. ... By heating tetrahydroacenaphthene with sulfur to 180 °C. ... From acenaphthenone or acenaphthenequinone by high pressure hydrogenation in decalin with nickel at 180-240 °C. ... From acenaphthenone oxime.

Component of dry tar. The avg percent weight for coke-oven tars and CVR (continuous vertical retort) tars is 0.96 in the United Kingdom, 0.3 in Federal Republic of Germany, and 1.05 in the USA (range 0.42-1.28). For low temp tars in the United Kingdom the avg percent weight is 0.19 and for lurgi tars the avg percent weight is 0.57. /From table/

Grade: Technical, 98%

Acenaphthylene, 1,2-dihydro-: ACTIVE

PAHs are a group of chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning of coal, oil, gas, wood, garbage, or other organic substances, such as tobacco and charbroiled meat. There are more than 100 different PAHs. PAHs generally occur as complex mixtures (for example, as part of combustion products such as soot), not as single compounds. PAHs usually occur naturally, but they can be manufactured as individual compounds for research purposes; however, not as the mixtures found in combustion products. ... Others are contained in asphalt used in road construction. They can also be found in substances such as crude oil, coal, coal tar pitch, creosote, and roofing tar. They are found throughout the environment in the air, water, and soil. They can occur in the air, either attached to dust particles or as solids in soil or sediment. /Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons/