1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Do not use water on material itself. Use water spray to known-down vapors. /Heptafluoropropane/

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. /Heptafluoropropane/

Fire-fighters should wear appropriate protective equipment and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full face-piece operated in positive pressure mode. For incidents involving large quantities, thermally insulated undergarments and thick textile or leather gloves should be worn.

Store in accordance with local regulations. Store in a segregated and approved area. Store away from direct sunlight in a dry, cool and well-ventilated area, away from incompatible materials ... . Keep container tightly closed and sealed until ready for use. Cylinders should be stored upright, with valve protection cap in place, and firmly secured to prevent falling or being knocked over. Cylinder temperatures should not exceed 52 °C (125 °F).

Stmerin D, a pressurized metered dose inhaler (MDI) for treatment of asthma, contains CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) as a propellant. For the CFC replacement study, two formulations were prepared using hydrofluoroalkanes (HFA-134a and HFA-227) and the effect of storage on the spray performance was investigated under accelerated stress conditions. Drug stability, moisture content and spray performances such as the emitted dose uniformity and aerodynamic particle size distribution were evaluated. Drug content did not change after 3 months storage at 40 degrees C/75% RH. However, the emitted dose uniformity varied and the respirable fraction (RF) was reduced remarkably. While stored at 40 degrees C/ambient for 3 months, no change was observed in either drug content or spray performances. This study clarified that the moisture content in the canister played an important role on the spray performance, and it changed not only the emitted dose uniformity but also the particle size distribution. Consequently, in order to improve the stability of the spray performance of aerosol prepared with HFAs, moisture permeation into the canister must be controlled.

For non-emergency personnel: No action shall be taken involving any personal risk or without suitable training. Evacuate surrounding areas. Keep unnecessary and unprotected personnel from entering. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Avoid breathing gas. Provide adequate ventilation. Wear appropriate respirator when ventilation is inadequate. Put on appropriate personal protective equipment. ... Environmental precautions: Ensure emergency procedures to deal with accidental gas releases are in place to avoid contamination of the environment. Avoid dispersal of spilled material and runoff and contact with soil, waterways, drains and sewers. Inform the relevant authorities if the product has caused environmental pollution (sewers, waterways, soil or air).

Small spill: Immediately contact emergency personnel. Stop leak if without risk. Large spill: Immediately contact emergency personnel. Stop leak if without risk.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

The generation of waste should be avoided or minimized wherever possible. Disposal of this product, solutions and any by-products should at all times comply with the requirements of environmental protection and waste disposal legislation and any regional local authority requirements. Dispose of surplus and non-recyclable products via a licensed waste disposal contractor. Waste should not be disposed of untreated to the sewer unless fully compliant with the requirements of all authorities with jurisdiction. Empty Airgas-owned pressure vessels should be returned to Airgas. Waste packaging should be recycled. Incineration or landfill should only be considered when recycling is not feasible. This material and its container must be disposed of in a safe way. Empty containers or liners may retain some product residues. Do not puncture or incinerate container.

Precautions for safe handling: Put on appropriate personal protective equipment ... . Contains gas under pressure. Do not get in eyes or on skin or clothing. Avoid breathing gas. Empty containers retain product residue and can be hazardous. Do not puncture or incinerate container. Use equipment rated for cylinder pressure. Close valve after each use and when empty. Protect cylinders from physical damage; do not drag, roll, slide, or drop. Use a suitable hand truck for cylinder movement. ... Eating, drinking and smoking should be prohibited in areas where this material is handled, stored and processed. Workers should wash hands and face before eating, drinking and smoking. Remove contaminated clothing and protective equipment before entering eating areas.

Appropriate engineering controls: Good general ventilation should be sufficient to control worker exposure to airborne contaminants.

Environmental exposure controls: Emissions from ventilation or work process equipment should be checked to ensure they comply with the requirements of environmental protection legislation. In some cases, fume scrubbers, filters or engineering modifications to the process equipment will be necessary to reduce emissions to acceptable levels.

Hygiene measures: Wash hands, forearms and face thoroughly after handling chemical products, before eating, smoking and using the lavatory and at the end of the working period. Appropriate techniques should be used to remove potentially contaminated clothing. Wash contaminated clothing before reusing. Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are close to the workstation location.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Eye/face protection: Safety eyewear complying with an approved standard should be used when a risk assessment indicates this is necessary to avoid exposure to liquid splashes, mists, gases or dusts. If contact is possible, the following protection should be worn, unless the assessment indicates a higher degree of protection: safety glasses with sideshields.

Hand protection: Chemical-resistant, impervious gloves complying with an approved standard should be worn at all times when handling chemical products if a risk assessment indicates this is necessary. If contact with the liquid is possible, insulated gloves suitable for low temperatures should be worn. Considering the parameters specified by the glove manufacturer, check during use that the gloves are still retaining their protective properties. It should be noted that the time to breakthrough for any glove material may be different for different glove manufacturers. In the case of mixtures, consisting of several substances, the protection time of the gloves cannot be accurately estimated.

Body protection: Personal protective equipment for the body should be selected based on the task being performed and the risks involved and should be approved by a specialist before handling this product.

Other skin protection: Appropriate footwear and any additional skin protection measures should be selected based on the task being performed and the risks involved and should be approved by a specialist before handling this product.

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 580(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). However, based on its physical properties, when released into the environment 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane is expected to partition almost exclusively into the air(3). Volatilization of 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 16 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 3410 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2016).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 580(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). However, based on its physical properties, when released into the environment 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane is expected to partition almost exclusively into the air(3). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 16 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 5 days, respectively(SRC). 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 21(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 2.51(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2016).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, which has a vapor pressure of 3410 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 24 to 30 years(SRC), calculated from its rate constants of 1.4X10-15 to 1.8X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec(3-5). 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(6) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Atmospheric life-times for 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane have been reported as 33-41 years(7-11). 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane has estimated 20, 100 and 500 year Global Warming Potentials of 4500-5395, 3200-3800 and 1100-1172, respectively(7-11).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (HFC 227) is a colorless gas. It is used in refrigerants, high temperature heat pumps, air-conditioning systems; as a fire suppressant; and for pharmaceutical aerosols and metered-dose inhalers. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Exposure of healthy volunteers to exposure levels up to 8000 ppm HFC 227 did not result in any adverse effects on pulse, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, or lung function. ANIMAL STUDIES: HFC 227 released into the eyes of rabbits did not induce any sign of irritation. Exposure to HFC 227 can induce cardiac sensitization in dogs at concentrations from 100,000 ppm (10% v/v) and higher after an exogenous epinephrine challenge. No deaths occurred when rats and mice were exposed by inhalation once to 300,000 and 500,000 ppm respectively. Signs of CNS depression were observed from 100,000 ppm. When rats and mice were exposed by inhalation to concentrations of 0, 60,000, 120,000 and 240,000 ppm for 2 years at a regimen of 1 hour per day, no increased incidence of benign or malignant neoplasms were observed when compared to controls. In several fertility studies in male and female rats in which animals were exposed for 1 to 6 hours per day to HFC 227 concentrations up to 150,000 ppm, no effects of toxicological significance were observed when measured on the fertility and pregnancy index. Concentrations of up to 150,000 ppm HFC 227 had no embryotoxic nor fetotoxic effects in rats or rabbits. Similar concentrations had no significant effect on the development and behavior of the offspring of exposed rats. HFC 227 was negative in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. HFC 227 was toxic at the highest concentrations tested but not mutagenic in S. typhimurium. Neither toxicity nor mutagenicity was observed in the mouse lymphoma assay.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane can be estimated to be 580(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane is expected to have low mobility in soil. However, when released into the environment, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane is expected to partition almost exclusively into the air(3).

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ HFC 134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) and HFC 227 (1,1,1,2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane) are used to replace chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in refrigerant and aerosol applications, including medical use in metered-dose inhalers. Production and consumption of CFCs are being phased out under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. The safety and pharmacokinetics of HFC 134a and HFC 227 were assessed in two separate double-blind studies. Each HFC (hydrofluorocarbon) was administered via whole-body exposure as a vapor to eight (four male and four female) healthy volunteers. Volunteers were exposed, once weekly for 1 hr, first to air and then to ascending concentrations of HFC (1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 parts per million (ppm)), interspersed with a second air exposure and two CFC 12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) exposures (1000 and 4000 ppm). Comparison of either HFC 134a or HFC 227 to CFC 12 or air gave no clinically significant results for any of the measured laboratory parameters. There were no notable adverse events, there was no evidence of effects on the central nervous system, and there were no symptoms of upper respiratory tract irritation. HFC 134a, HFC 227, and CFC 12 blood concentrations increased rapidly and in an exposure-concentration-dependent manner, although not strictly proportionally, and approached steady state. Maximum blood concentrations (C(max)) tended to be higher in males than females; in the HFC 227 study, these were statistically significantly (P < 0. 05) higher in males for each HFC 227 and CFC 12 exposure level. In the HFC 134a study, the gender difference in C(max) was only statistically significant (P < 0.05) for CFC 12 at 4000 ppm and HFC 134a at 8000 ppm. Following the end of exposure, blood concentrations declined rapidly, predominantly biphasically and independent of exposure concentration. For the HFC 134a study, the t(1/2)alpha (alpha elimination half-life) was short for both CFC 12 and HFC 134a (<11 min). The t(1/2)beta (beta elimination half-life) across all exposure concentrations was a mean of 36 and 42 min for CFC 12 and HFC 134a, respectively. Mean residence time (MRT) was an overall mean of 42 and 44 min for CFC 12 and HFC 134a, respectively. In the HFC 227 study, t(1/2)alpha for both CFC 12 and HFC 227, at each exposure level, was short (<9 min) and tended to be lower in males than females. For CFC 12 mean t(1/2)beta ranged from 23 to 43 min and for HFC 227 the mean range was 19-92 min. The values tended to be lower for females than males for HFC 227. For both CFC 12 and HFC 227, MRT was statistically significantly lower (P < 0.05) in males than females and independent of exposure concentration. For CFC 12, MRT was a mean of 37 and 45 min for males and females, respectively, and for HFC 227 MRT was a mean of 36 and 42 min, respectively. Exposure of healthy volunteers to exposure levels up to 8000 ppm HFC 134a, 8000 ppm HFC 227, and 4000 ppm CFC 12 did not result in any adverse effects on pulse, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, or lung function.

1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane's production and use in refrigerants, high temperature heat pumps, air-conditioning systems, as a fire suppressant, and for pharmaceutical aerosols and metered-dose inhalers(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 21 was calculated in fish for 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.51(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane is estimated as 16 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces will occur(SRC). 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 3410 mm Hg(3).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ HFA 227 released into the eyes of rabbits did not induce any sign of irritation.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ HFA 227 can induce cardiac sensitization in dogs at concentrations from 100,000 ppm (10% v/v) and higher after an exogenous epinephrine challenge.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ No deaths occurred when rats and mice were exposed by inhalation once to 300,000 and 500,000 ppm respectively. Signs of /CNS depression/ were observed from 100,000 ppm.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ When rats and mice were exposed by inhalation to concentrations of 0, 60,000, 120,000 and 240,000 ppm for 2 years at a regimen of 1 hour per day, no increased incidence of benign or malignant neoplasms were observed when compared to controls. Some alveolar histiocytosis was observed in the lungs of rats exposed to high doses of HFA 227. In view of its normal incidence in this strain of animals and its only very slightly increased severity compared to controls, this effect was considered of no biological significance.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 1.4X10-15 to 1.8X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec(1-3). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 24 to 30 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(4). Degradation products of this reaction include; carbonyl difluoride and 2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl fluoride(5). 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(6) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(6).

Global Warming Potentials (GWP) and atmospheric life-times (ALT) have been calculated and reported for 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane by different authors.[Table#7533]

... HFC 227ea can be used as ... /a propellant/ in medicinal aerosols instead of CFC 114.

HFC 227ea is being developed as a CFC replacement in refrigerants, high temperature heat pumps, air-conditioning systems; as a fire suppressant; and for pharmaceutical aerosols and metered-dose inhalers.

Propellants for medical sprays including: MDIs (Metered Dose Inhalers) also known as pharmaceutical aerosols or asthma sprays for the treatment of asthma, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder) and respiratory infections; nasal sprays for the treatment of allergic rhinitis; foam sprays; oral and topical sprays (e.g. nerve sensitization, tooth vitality, pain relaxation).

2023: 2,500,000 - <4,000,000 lb

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule.[Table#7535]

Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: Propane, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-. Aggregated National Production Volume: 1 to < 10 million pounds.

Non-confidential 2012 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or imported into the United States. Chemical: Propane, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-. National Production Volume: Withheld.

The method for the manufacture of HFC-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane involves the addition of HF to hexafluoropropene in the gas phase. The best gas-phase catalyst is Cr2O3, derived from the pyrolysis of ammonium dichromate. This catalyst is known to have a very high surface area (>200 sq m/g) and large pore volume (0.25 cm3/g). ... Under these conditions, the product obtained contains < 10 ppm of the highly toxic perfluoroisobutylene. Activated carbon, which has a very high surface area (500-1500 sq m/g), was found to be very selective in adsorbing perfluoroisobutylene in the presence of heptafluoropropane. The fluorination of hexafluoropropylene can also be carried out in the liquid phase, using SbF5 or tributylamine as the catalysts, to produce very high purity heptafluoropropane (>99.95% and 99.999%, respectively) without the formation of perfluoroisobutylene.

Monohydroperfluoroalkanes can be obtained by adding hydrogen fluoride to perfluoroalkenes (e.g., CF3-CHF-CF3, HFC 227ea) or by decarboxylation of perfluorocarboxylates in the presence of proton donors.

Machinery Manufacturing

Propane, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-: ACTIVE

The phase-out of production of Halons on December 31, 1993, resulted from the regulation of Halon 1301 under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete Stratospheric Ozone [6]. As a result, research and development across the world lead to the development of over 12 commercialized clean agent alternatives to Halon 1301. ... Clean fire suppression agents are defined as those agents that vaporize readily and leave no residue. Hydrocarbon clean agents, based on the characteristics of the agents, extinguish fires by interrupting the chemical chain reaction of fire, and through extracting heat from the flame of a fire, reducing flame temperature leading to extinguishment of the flame. Heptafluoropropane (Trade Name: FM 200; Designation: HFC227ea) /is a Halon replacement/.

There is only one other isomer, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptfluoropropane (HFC 227 ca).

Great Lakes Chemical Company, in a joint venture with INEOS Fluor, has agreed to produce a pharmaceutical grade 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea) as aerosol propellant for an asthma inhalation drug.