2,6-Dichlorophenol

log Kow = 2.75

2.92

1.653 g/cu cm at 20 °C

1.653 @ 20°C

White crystals from petroleum ether

Needles from petroleum ether

less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

Very soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether; soluble in benzene, petroleum ether

In water, 2.65X10+3 mg/l at 25 °C

In water, 1,900 mg/L at 25 °C

424 to 428 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

220 °C; 92 °C at 4 mm Hg

220 °C @760 [mm Hg]

154 to 156 °F (NTP, 1992)

68.5 °C

68.5 °C

In water 102 ug/L (mean value calculated from reported odor thresholds in other literature)

Odor Threshold: Detection: 0.003 mg/kg; 0.0075 mg/kg; 0.2 mg/kg

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 1.4% (1 of 72) of reports.

Danger

H314 (69.4%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

P260, P264, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 72 reports by companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Warning

Chemical: Phenol, 2,6-dichloro-

T - indicates a substance that is the subject of a final TSCA section 4 test rule.

2,6-Dichlorophenol: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include irritation of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. Prolonged contact can cause damage to the eyes, severe irritation and burns. Exposure to this class of compounds may cause profuse sweating, intense thirst, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cyanosis from methemoglobinemia, hyperactivity, stupor, blood pressure fall, hyperpnea, hemolysis, convulsions, collapse, coma and pulmonary edema followed by pneumonia. If death from respiratory failure is not immediate, jaundice and oliguria or anuria may occur. Other symptoms of exposure to this class of compounds includes headache, dizziness, rapid and difficult breathing and weakness. On ingestion, severe burns and internal damage may occur. Chronic exposure may result in digestive disturbances, nervous disorders, skin eruptions and liver and kidney damage. Skin contact with this type of compound may cause softening and whitening of the skin, followed by the development of painful burns. Prolonged contact may lead to dermatitis. Local contact may also result in painless blanching or erythema and corrosion of the skin. Skin sensitivity reactions occur occasionally.

A strong skin and eye irritant; Causes convulsions in high-dose animal experiments; [HSDB] Chlorophenols can cause liver and kidney injury; pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenols can inhibit oxidative phosphorylation; [Ullmann] See CHLOROPHENOLS.

The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of 2,6-dichlorophenol stem from its toxicologic properties. Exposure to this crystalline substance may occur from dermal contact or inhalation at sites where it is used as a chemical intermediate in the production of pentachlorophenol. Effects of exposure include irritation or injury to the skin, eyes, nose, and throat. Personnel handling 2,6-dichlorophenol should wear protective clothing, gloves, boots, goggles, and an approved dust respirator. In an emergency situation, a self-contained breathing apparatus is recommended. If contact with the material does occur, immdeiately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes. Contaminated clothing should be removed and isolated at the site. 2,6-Dichlorophenol does not burn easily, but heat or fire will cause this substance to produce irritating and poisonous gases. For small fires involving 2,6-dichlorophenol, extinguish with dry chemical, CO2, water spray, or foam, and for large fires, use water spray, fog, or standard foam. Fire control water should be prevented from entering water sources or sewers. 2,6-Dichlorophenol may be shipped via air, rail, road, or water in containers bearing the label, "Keep away from food." Small spills of 2,6-dichlorophenol solution may be taken up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent and placed in closed containers for later disposal. Large spills of 2,6-dichlorophenol (solution) should be contained in pits, or other holding areas that are sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner. Runoff should be controlled by diking. Solids should be covered with a plastic sheet. Spills of 2,6-dichlorophenol in water may be trapped at the bottom with sand bag barriers, activated charcoal applied, and trapped material removed with suction hoses, mechanical dredges, or lifts. 2,6-Dichlorophenol is a good candidate for rotary kiln incineration. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance.

Nat'l Research Council Canada; Chlorinated Phenols (1982) NRCC No. 18578

KOZAK VP ET AL; REVIEWS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS: XI. CHLOROPHENOLS; US EPA REP EPA-600/1-79-012: 519 PAGES (1979). THIS PAPER DISCUSSES THE HEALTH & ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, ANALYTICAL METHODS, BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS (HUMAN & NON-HUMAN), ENVIRONMENTAL DISTRIBUTION & TRANSFORMATION & ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS OF CHLOROPHENOLS & THEIR CONSEQUENCES. AVAILABLE DATA INDICATE THAT CHLOROPHENOLS DO NOT POSSESS TUMORIGENIC, MUTAGENIC OR TERATOGENIC PROPERTIES.

Environmental Protection Service. Chlorophenols and Their Impurities in the Canandian Environment Report EPS 3-EC-81-2 (1981).

USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Chlorinated Phenols (1980) EPA 440/5-80-032.

U082; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when 2,6-dichlorophenol, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2,6-DICHLOROPHENOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Land Spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner/ to contain liquid or solid material. Cover solids with plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. /Trichlorophenol/

Water Spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. If dissolved, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Trichlorophenol/

Activated carbon is a good method for removing chlorophenols from water. Competitive adsorption occurs between chlorophenols & humic substances present in nearly all municipal water supplies. This competition decr the capacity of carbon for chlorophenols. /Chlorophenols/

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U082, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Chemical Treatability of 2,6-Dichlorophenol; Concentration Process: Biological Treatment; Chemical Classification: Phenols; Scale of Study: Laboratory Scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Industrial Wastewater; Influent Concentration: 64 ppm; Results of Study: 99% reduction in 5 days (subjected to continuous aeration).

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.

Dissolve in a combustible solvent and incinerate in a furnace with afterburner and scrubber. Recommendable method: Incineration. Not recommendable method: Discharge to sewer.

Immediately wash contaminated areas of skin with concentrated soap solution. Contaminated gloves, clothing, shoes should be removed without delay and disposed by incineration.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Keep material out of water sources and sewers; Build dikes to contain flow as necessary; Keep upwind; Avoid breathing vapors or dusts; Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Trichlorophenol/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

3.5 [mg/m3]

38 [mg/m3]

230 [mg/m3]

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves.

Wear boots, protective gloves, and goggles. /Trichlorophenol/

/Wear/ approved dust respirator for toxic dusts; Protective clothing to prevent contact with skin. /Trichlorophenol/

2,6-Dichlorophenol was detected in 11 of 11 urine samples collected from adults at concentrations ranging from 21 to 99 ppb, with an average concentration of 48 ppb(1). 2,6-Dichlorophenol was detected in 6 of 197 urine samples collected from children residing in Arkansas at a maximum concentration of 6 ppb(2).

LC50; Species: Salmo trutta (trout, weight 4.5 g); Concentration: 4.0 ppm for 24 hr at 5 °C (purified material) /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50; Species: Idus idus melanotus (fish); Concentration: 4 mg/L for 48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

EC50; Species: Chlorella vulgaris (Green algae); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 9700 ug/L for 96 hr; Effect: growth, general

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 29000 ug/L for 96 hr; Effect: growth, general

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 2,6-DICHLOROPHENOL (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 410(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.75(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,6-dichlorophenol is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 2,6-dichlorophenol is 6.79(4), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the anion form and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization of 2,6-dichlorophenol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.67X10-6 atm-cu m/mole, derived from its vapor pressure, 0.033 mm Hg(6), and water solubility, 1,900 mg/L(7). 2,6-Dichlorophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(6). Biodegradation half-lives of about 59 hours in basic soils and 389 hours in acidic soils(8) suggest that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Contamination of soil in the vicinity of two Finnish sawmills using preservative (Ky-5) against blue staining fungi that contained chlorophenols was studied. The soil around the treatment basins contained up to 70 mg chlorophenols/kg and that in the storage area for treated lumber up to 6 mg/kg. Contamination extended to a depth of at least 2 m near the treatment basins. Surface water inside the sawmill area contained the same chlorophenols as those used in wood preservation, plus some additional isomers. The ground water and lake water around the sawmill areas were contaminated. 2,6-Dichlorophenol was one of several chlorinated phenols detected. The fate of different chlorophenols in soil is probably affected by many factors, such as the water solubility of each chlorophenol, pH of the soil, rainfall, soil organic matter content, type and particle size of the soil, biological and photodegradation and the evaporation of each chlorophenol(1).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 410(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.75(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,6-dichlorophenol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.67X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.033 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1,900 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 18 and 130 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), a measured BCF of 4.1 to 20(7), and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. The biodegradation half-life of 2,6-dichlorophenol was reported as 1000 hours in water(9), suggesting that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

The disappearance rate of 2,6-dichlorophenol in a small stream was studied and showed to be first order with respect to either distance or time of flow. Average half-life in the stream was about 4 hours. It is suggested that the disappearance was due to degradation within the biofilm covering the stream bed and that the rate is controlled by diffusion of 2,6-dichlorophenol across the water biofilm interface.

For more Environmental Fate (Complete) data for 2,6-DICHLOROPHENOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Contamination of cocoa powder by chlorophenols and chloroanisoles adsorbed from packaging materials was investigated. Aqueous suspensions prepared from cocoa powder were sour and had an intense moldy off odor and a strong disinfectant after taste. 2,6-Dichlorophenol was one of the 5 chlorophenols found in contaminating sack. Concn of 2,6-dichlorophenol in cocoa powder and packaging materials of contaminating sack and normal sack were: contaminating sack: 7 ug/kg cocoa powder, 100 ug/kg glued seams, & 41 ug/kg paper sacking; normal sack: less than 1 ug/kg cocoa powder, 4 ug/kg glued seams, less than 1 ug/kg paper sacking. 2,6 & 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, & 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol were present in the tainted cocoa powder in such high concn that they would be expected to taint beverages & other food items prepared from it. The packaging material was the most likely source of the contamination. However, it is possible that the 2,6-dichlorophenols in the cocoa powder were derived from the microbial metabolism of chlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides which are still used in some cocoa producing countries.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The effects of 6 chlorinated phenols on Daphnia magna were assessed with respect to acute toxicity, as well as to their abilities to induce the activity of glutathione S-transferase. Toxicities were directly related to lipophilicity, with those cmpds having higher numbers of chlorine substitutions being more toxic. All the cmpds induced the enzyme activity; however, there was no relation between cmpd structure and potency as an inducer. Apparent differences in enzyme activities are a reflection of differences in bioconcentration of the different cmpd.

/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ The lethal body residue (LBR) of a few chlorophenol congeners /including 2,6-dichlorophenol (>98%)/ were measured in the oligochaete worm Lumbriculus variegatus, and the LBR of pentachlorophenol was measured also in a midge, Chironomus riparius larvae. LBR is defined as the concentration of the compound in the organism, on molar basis, to cause death, and the LBR(50) is defined as the calculated LBR value to cause a 50% mortality in population after a given time. Groups of 30 or 40 organisms were exposed to different chlorophenol concentrations in artificial soft fresh water to achieve differential mortality. Exposure times were either 24 hr or 48 hr. In addition to exposures with individual congeners, mixtures of chlorophenols were also tested. After each exposure, the surviving organisms were collected and the body burden of chlorophenols was measured by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The measured body burden was related to the percent mortality in the group. The trichlorophenols and pentachlorophenol have a 48-hr LBR(50) of 0.45-0.66 umol/g wet weight in L. variegatus. The 48-hr LBR(50) of pentachlorophenol for C. riparius was 0.15 umol/g wet weight, indicating a slight difference in the sensitivity of these two species. The 48-hr LBR(50) of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol is 0.91 umol/g wet weight, and the value for 2,6-dichlorophenol is 1.2 umol/g wet weight in L. variegatus. The 48-hr LBR(50)s of the chlorophenol mixtures ranged from 0.50 to 0.83 umol/g wet weight, demonstrating an additive toxicity.

/PLANTS/ In a root elongation test, millet (Paniculum milacecum) seeds were exposed to aqueous phenol or a mono or dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and after 96 hr incubation the root length of each seed was measured. The toxicity generally increased with chlorination. 4-Chlorophenol was much less toxic than other chlorophenols and 2,6-dichlorophenol was more toxic than the other dichlorophenols. At low concenration, the phenolic compounds stimulated root growth.

2,6-Dichlorophenol was detected in 5 of 5 samples of pine needles collected near a waste incinerator in Finland in 1991-1993 at concentrations ranging from 10-20 ng/g dry needle weight. 2,6-Dichlorophenol was detected in 6 of 6 pine needles collected near a metal scrap plant in Finland in 1993 at concentrations ranging from 5-30 ng/g dry needle weight; 6 of 6 needle samples collected in 1995 near the same metal scrap plant had concentrations of less than 1 ng/g(1). 2,6-Dichlorophenol was detected in 1 of 1 samples of pine needles collected in Lammi, Finland in 1995 at a concentration of 25 ng/g dry needle weight(1).

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=87-65-0]

Biologically treated effluent samples from nine Canadian bleached softwood Kraft mills were analyzed for chlorinated phenolic content. Chlorinated phenolics, incl 2,6-dichlorophenol, present in effluent discharged from bleached Kraft mills are not expected to contribute an off-odor to recipient waters.

2,6-Dichlorophenol levels of 6-272 ng/L were detected in wastewaters from bleaching processes at pulp mills(1). Combustion ash from a municipal incinerator was found to contain 2,6-dichlorophenol at a concn of 39 ppb(1). 2,6-Dichlorophenol was identified, not quantified, in the effluents from a hazardous waste incinerator(2) and an electronics industrial plant(3). 2,6-Dichlorophenol was detected in the effluent of a Finnish pulp mill at concns of 0.41 and 28.8 ug/L(4) and a Canadian pulp mill at concns of 95, 96 and 98 ug/L(5). 2,6-Dichlorophenol was detected in the effluent of a metal reclamation facility at concns of 0.4 and 0.2 ug/cu m(6) and the leachate of a landfill in Germany at concns of 236-2,650 ug/L(7). 2,6-Dichlorophenol was detected in the ashes of volatilized wrapping paper composed of polyvinylidene chloride, at concns of 16.4 and 24.6 ug/g(8).

2,6-Dichlorophenol was detected in 2 of 4 water samples collected from the waste streams of pulp mills in Central Finland in 1982 to 1983 at concentrations ranging from 6 to 12 ug/L, with an average concentration of 9 ug/L(1). 2,6-Dichlorophenol was detected in 2 of 48 water samples collected at a sewage treatment plant in Karkola, Finland between September 1989 and November 1990 at an average concentration of 0.44 ppb(2). 2,6-Dichlorophenol was detected in 11 of 12 wet sewage sludge samples collected from sewage treatment plants in the northwest of England in 1991 at concentrations ranging from 0.15 to 2.88 ug/L, with an average of 0.61 ug/L(3). 2,6-Dichlorophenol was detected in two of two samples of fine particulate matter collected from industrial boilers burning no. 2 distillate fuel oil at concentrations ranging from 163-179 picograms per kilojoule of fuel burned, with an average concentration of 171 picograms per kilojoule(4).

The Koc of 2,6-dichlorophenol is estimated as 410(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.75(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,6-dichlorophenol is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. The pKa of 2,6-dichlorophenol is 6.79(4), indicating that this compound will partially exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5).

Dichlorophenols can be synthesized directly by soil fungi utilizing chloride ions and humic phenols found in soil(1); chloroperoxidase enzymes released into soil by fungi can also bring about the chlorination of humic phenols with chloride ions(1). 2,6-Dichlorophenol can be found in soil as a biotransformation product of the major fungal metabolite 3,5-dichloro-para-anisyl alcohol, the latter of which is produced by the soil fungus Hypholoma fasciculare(2). Chlorophenols may be released into the environment through burning of fresh lignocellulosic biomass during forest fires(3).

U082; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when 2,6-dichlorophenol, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Chlorinated phenols ... Are very effective (in vitro) as uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. They thus prevent incorporation of inorganic phosphate into ATP without affecting electron transport. As a result of this action, cells continue to respire but soon are depleted of ATP necessary for growth. /Chlorophenols/

Chlorine atoms on the ortho-position weakened the activity of mono- and dichlorophenols as oxidative inhibitors. /Mono and dichlorophenols/

2,6-Dichlorophenol was administered orally to male Wistar rats as a single dose of 100 mg/kg. After 7 days, 64% was excreted in the urine unchanged, 21% as hydroxylated metabolites, and 15% as chlorinated metabolites (cumulative urinary excretion). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of the methylated urine extract showed that 2,6-dichlorophenol was dechlorinated to 2-chlorophenol and then to phenol.

Concn of unchanged drug and patterns of radioactive components in human urine have been determined by high performance liquid chromatography following single oral doses of (14)C labeled lofexidine. The principal metabolite of lofexidine was 2,6-dichlorophenol, which was apparently excreted in urine as two o-glucuronic acid conjugates. The same two metabolites were also the main (14)C components circulating in plasma at peak (14)C concn. Patterns of (3)H components in the urine of rats and dogs after oral administration of (3)H lofexidine (0.1 mg/kg) were generally similar to those in human urine.

The comparative formation of chlorophenol metabolites of hexachlorocyclohexane was investigated in rats and mice. Male Swiss mice and female Wistar rats were fed a diet containing 500 ppm hexachlorocyclohexane. Chlorophenol metabolities identified were 2,6-dichlorophenol, 2,3,5-trichlorophenol, 2,3,6-trichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol. After continuous 2 mo admin of hexachlorocyclohexane only 2,6-dichlorophenol was sigificantly higher in mouse liver than that observed in rat liver: 1292.5 ng/g in mouse and 140.0 ng/g in rat. The concn of 2,6-dichlorophenol was 11.52 ug/ml in rat blood compared to 1.65 ug/ml in mouse blood.

Because of their high lipid solubility and low ionization at physiological pH, dichlorophenols would be expected to be readily absorbed following ingestion. /Dichlorophenols/

Dichlorophenol isomers are absorbed through the skin and from the gut. /Dichlorophenol isomers/

... Readily absorbed from the gastroenteric tract and from parenteral sites of injection. /Chlorophenols/

Used as a chemical intermediate for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and in the production of dehydro-l-ascorbic acid; [HSDB]

Chemical intermediate for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol

... Industrially by chlorination of phenol with chlorine gas in a melt in cast-iron reactors. The isomer distribution in the product may be adjusted to market demands by the chlorination level and by recycling various intermediates. The yield, based on chlorine and phenol, is greater than 95%. /Mono-, Di-, and Trichlorophenols with No Chlorine in a Meta Position/

TREATMENT OF 2-CHLOROPHENOL WITH LIQUID SULFUR DIOXIDE, FOLLOWED BY GASEOUS CHLORINE WITH HEAT

... Obtained by chlorinating o-chlorophenol in the presence of a catalytic quantity of an amine, with or without a solvent medium, giving a yield of 90%.

Phenol, 2,6-dichloro-: ACTIVE

... Can be formed either as intermediates in the chlorination of phenol to higher chlorophenols, or as degradation products.

The sex pheromone, 2,6-dichlorophenol, was combined with a pesticide to control populations of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say). This pheromone persisted in the fur of treated dogs for at least 18 days. The mixture of pheromone and pesticide was much more effective in reducing mating among the surviving ticks than the treatments without pheromone. The pheromone pesticide mixture also killed significantly more ticks than the treatment without pheromone. This increased effectiveness was due almost entirely to the significantly greater kill of male ticks. Combining the sex pheromone with pesticide treatments offers a means of suppressing tick populations by curtailing their mating and subsequent reproductive success.