Phenothiazine

Fires involving this compound should be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use powder, water spray, foam, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention if skin irritation occurs.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

(General first aid procedures)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If a spill of this chemical occurs, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with acetone and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

MAIN PRECAUTIONS MUST BE DIRECTED @ PREVENTING ACCIDENTAL INGESTION OF MATERIAL DURING MFR & USE. ... PROCESSES SHOULD BE ENCLOSED & LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION SHOULD BE APPLIED WHERE DUST WOULD OTHERWISE ESCAPE... FIRE PRECAUTIONS SHOULD BE PROVIDED...

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PHENOTHIAZINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PREVIOUS DRENCHING WITH CARBON TETRACHLORIDE MAY ALSO SERVE TO INCR ITS TOXICITY.

ANTIOXIDANTS, EG PHENOTHIAZINE, INHIBITED THE MUTAGENICITY OF BENZO(A)PYRENE & SOME OF ITS DERIVATIVES TOWARDS SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM STRAIN TA98; THIS INHIBITION WAS CONCN DEPENDENT.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4300(SRC), determined from an experimental log Kow(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that phenothiazine will have slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of phenothiazine will not be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.8X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(4,SRC), or from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based on an estimated vapor pressure of 8.9X10-7 mm Hg(5,SRC). The adsorptivity of phenothiazine is expected to be sensitive to pH since phenothiazine is a base with a pKa of 2.52(6). According to a MITI biodegradation study(7), biodegradation of phenothiazine will not be an important fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4300(SRC), determined from an experimental log Kow(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that phenothiazine would adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Phenothiazine would be essentially non-volatile from water surfaces based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.8X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4,SRC). Experimental BCF values of 127-660 and 180-528(6) suggest that phenothiazine will bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC) according to a recommended classification scheme(5). According to a MITI biodegradation study(6), biodegradation of phenothiazine will not be an important fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), phenothiazine, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 8.9X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2,SRC) will exist as both vapor and particulate in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase phenothiazine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 2 hours(3,SRC). Particulate-phase phenothiazine may be physically removed from the air by dry deposition(SRC).

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

The most common adverse reactions include:

The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

A review of 48 hospital-admitted phenothiazine toxicities with concentrations of 200 mg to 500 mg per patient has listed common reactions such as hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, and decreased diastolic blood pressure. A tendency towards obtundation can present in cases where other drugs were also involved. Furthermore, a pupil size of less than 3 mm was present in the most severe poisoning cases. Prolonged QTc interval was noted, and patients were treated with diphenylhydantoin. An echocardiogram is a suggested approach for all cases of phenothiazine overdoses.

Severe itching. Redness.

Abdominal cramps.

Itching, irritation, reddening skin; hepatitis, hemolytic anemia, abdominal cramps, tachycardia; kidney damage; skin photophobia (abnormal visual intolerance to light) sensitization

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur in fish. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal.

The Koc of phenothiazine is estimated as approximately 4300(SRC), using an experimental log Kow of 4.15(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that phenothiazine has slight mobility in soil(SRC). The adsorptivity of phenothiazine is expected to be sensitive to pH since phenothiazine is a base with a pKa of 2.52(4).

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Phenothiazine is included on this list.

While petitions for tolerances for negligible residues are pending and until action is completed on the petitions, an interim tolerance of 2 ppm is established for residues of phenothiazine in or on the following raw agricultural commodity(ies): meat, fat, and meat byproducts of cattle.