4-Chloro-1,2-diaminobenzene

Nitrogen Compounds -> Amines, Aromatic

Carcinogens

log Kow = 1.28

1.28

less than 1 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)

Soluble in benzene, very soluble in ethanol, ether.

Slightly soluble in water

153 to 158 °F (NTP, 1992)

76 °C

4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine appears as brown crystalline solid or powder. (NTP, 1992)

Brown solid; May be sensitive to prolonged exposure to air and light; [CAMEO] Deep brown powder; [MSDSonline]

Warning

H302 (10%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P203, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 50 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Warning

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

Chemical: 1,2-Benzenediamine, 4-chloro-

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. 4-Chloro-o-phenylenediamine (95-83-0) is listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.[Available from, as of July 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s0414cop.pdf]

DHEW/NCI; Bioassay of 4-Chloro-o-phenylenediamine for Possible Carcinogenicity (1978) Technical Rpt Series No. 63 DHEW Pub No. (NIH) 78-1313

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, use, and exposure to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 4-chloro-1,2-benzenediamine is included on this list.

Acute Tox. 4 (10%)

Germ cell mutagenicity - Category 2

Skin corrosion/irritation - Category 2

Carcinogens

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 4-CHLORO-1,2-BENZENEDIAMINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... Clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Vertical laminar-flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures ... provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak-tight. Horizontal laminar-flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used ... Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used ... should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test & avg air-flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 4-CHLORO-1,2-BENZENEDIAMINE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... Gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=95-83-0]

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning ... /cytogenetic and/or other/ tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

4-Chloro-ortho-phenylenediamine

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 27: (1982) Some Aromatic Amines, Anthraquinones and Nitroso Compounds, and Inorganic Fluorides Used in Drinking-water and Dental Preparations

1987

1987

4-Chloro-o-phenylenediamine

4-CHLORO-O-PHENYLENEDIAMINE ADMIN TO RATS @ 1.0 & 0.5% TIME-WEIGHTED AVG DIETARY CONCN FOR 78 WK. INCR INCIDENCE OF NEOPLASMS OF BLADDER OCCURRED. COMPD IS BLADDER CARCINOGEN IN MALE & FEMALE FISCHER 344 RATS.

4-CHLORO-O-PHENYLENDIAMINE ADMIN TO MICE @ 1.4 & 0.7% TIME-WEIGHTED AVG DIETARY CONCN FOR 78 WK. INCR INCIDENCE OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMAS OCCURRED. COMPD IS HEPATOCARCINOGEN IN MALE & FEMALE B6C3F1 MICE.

IN BOTH MALE & FEMALE FISCHER RATS, FEEDING 4-CHLORO-O-PHENYLENEDIAMINE @ 0.5 OR 1% IN DIET LED TO SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN HYPERPLASIA, PAPILLOMA & CARCINOMA OF URINARY BLADDER.

When administered in the diet, technical-grade 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine induced carcinomas of the urinary bladder in rats of both sexes and hepatocellular carcinomas of the liver in mice of both sexes.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 4-CHLORO-1,2-BENZENEDIAMINE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No data are available in humans. Sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 2B: The agent is possibly carcinogenic to humans.

4-Chloro-o-phenylenediamine: reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

The primary routes of potential human exposure to 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine are ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact during its production. Exposure could occur if accidental releases of the cmpd into the work environ took place. Potential exposure is limited to the single production site.

Consumer exposure could potentially occur from residues in hair dyes or in products made from 5-chlorobenzotriazole.

4.6e-06

CALEPA

0.016

CALEPA

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, use, and exposure to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 4-chloro-1,2-benzenediamine is included on this list.

Used as an ingredient in hair dyes, a curing agent for epoxy resins, a reagent in gas chromatographic analyses, and a chemical intermediate for dyes; [HSDB]

Plastic Composites Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

OXIDATION BASE; CHEM INT FOR CI VAT BROWN 22 & 5-CHLOROBENZOTRIAZOLE; INGREDIENT IN HAIR DYES; CURING AGENT FOR EPOXY RESINS; REAGENT IN GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSES

4-Chloro-ortho-phenylenediamine has been used as a dye intermediate ... However, no evidence was found that it is presently employed commercially in the US as a dye or as a dye intermediate. 4-Chloro-ortho-phenylenediamine is believed to be used to produce 5-chlorobenzotriazole ... ortho-Phenylenediamines (including 4-chloro-ortho-phenylenediamine) and their salts are permitted for use in cosmetics in the European Communities as oxidizing coloring agents in hair dyes, only if the concn in the finished product is below 6% (calculated as the free base) ... .

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD WAS DEVELOPED FOR DETERMINATION OF SELENIUM IN VARIOUS SAMPLES. SE WAS EXTRACTED WITH HOT HCL & REACTED WITH 4-CHLORO-O-PHENYLENEDIAMINE.

The 1979 TSCA Inventory identified one US firm producing 6,000 lb in 1977 ... It has been produced commercially in the US since 1941 ... .

... Production in 1977 was 0.45-4.5 thousand kg ... .

1977: 450-4500 kg

4-Chloro-ortho-phenylenediamine is available in the US as a crystalline powder containing maxima of 2% ash and 2% moisture and with a melting-range of 70-73 deg /unit unspecified/ ... .

Available in the US as a crystalline powder containing maxima of 2% ash and 2% moisture and with a melting-range of 70-73 °C.

1,2-Benzenediamine, 4-chloro-: ACTIVE

It is available in the US containing maxima of 2% ash and 2% moisture.

Produced commercially in US since 1941-1943. One US producer in 1977.