1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene

Log Kow= 4.60

4.9

4.6

1.858 at 70 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.833 kg/l

Heat of fusion: 112.2 J/g; heat capacity for liquid: 1.142 J/g; critical density: 0.475 kg/l

1.83 g/cm³

1.858 @ 22°C

less than 1 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)

Slightly soluble in ethanol; soluble in ether and benzene

In water, 0.595 mg/l at 25 °C.

Solubility in water, mg/l at 25 °C: 2.16

311 °F (NTP, 1992)

311 °F (155 °C) (closed cup)

155 °C c.c.

464 to 475 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

244.5 °C

243-246 °C

244.5 °C @760 [mm Hg]

280 to 284 °F (NTP, 1992)

139.5 °C

139-140 °C

139.5 °C

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 1.1% (1 of 94) of reports.

Warning

H302 (98.9%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 94 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Danger

Hazard Traits - Bioaccumulation; Environmental Persistence

S - indicates a substance that is identified in a final Significant New Use Rule.

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992)

Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with oxidizing agents.

If burned, toxic fumes include hydrogen chloride and phosgene; Chronic feeding studies of animals show evidence of damage to liver, kidneys, lungs, and thyroid gland; LD50 (oral, rat, male) = 3105 mg/kg; At lethal doses, animals have CNS depression, diarrhea, and coma; [CHEMINFO]

USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Chlorinated Benzenes (1980) EPA 440/5-80-028

USEPA; Health Assessment Document: Chlorinated Benzenes (1985) EPA 600/8-84-015

51 FR 24657-67 (1986) Chlorinated benzenes; final test rule

DHHS/NTP; NTP Report on the Toxicity Studies of 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies) NTP TOX 7 (1991) NIH Pub No. 91-3126

U207; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene is included on this list.

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)

Use powder, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. Apply universal gelling agent to immobilize spill. Apply appropriate foam to diminish vapor and fire hazard. /Chlorobenzene/

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concn, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Chlorobenzene/

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Combustion products include corrosive or toxic vapors. /Chlorobenzene/

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If a spill of this chemical occurs, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with acetone and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U207, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene: Biological treatment.

If material /is/ not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock down vapors. /Chlorobenzene/

Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. /Chlorobenzene/

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Unidentified tetrachlorobenzene isomer(s) were found in human blood samples taken from a resident in the area of the Love Canal at a concentration of 2.6 ng/ml(1). Concentrations of 0.008 to 0.039 ug/g 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene were detected in human adipose tissue in Japan(2). Mean concentrations of 0.016 ug/g were detected in Yugoslavian human adipose tissue and 2 ug/kg in human milk, respectively(3).

Combined trichlorobenzene and tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected in human adipose tissue in Slovenia at a concn of 60 ng/g and in human hair samples at 40 ng/g(1). 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was identified, not quantified, in the adipose tissue of non-occupationally exposed individuals in Germany(2).

LC50 Bluegill (sunfish) 5.69 mg/l/24 hr; 4.35 mg/l/48 hr; 1.55 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Sheepshead minnow > 1.80 mg/l/24 hr; 0.90 mg/l/48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) 0.30 ppm/14 days /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), and log Koc values in the range of 3.2-3.9(2-4), 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene is expected from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given its Henry's Law constant of 1.0X10-3 atm-cu m/mole at 20 °C(5), but adsorption may attenuate this process(SRC). Volatilization of 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene from dry soil surfaces is not expected(SRC) based on a vapor pressure of 0.005 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Biodegradation is expected to occur slowly based on a half-life of 47 days in a sewage sludge ammended soil(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), and log Koc values in the range of 3.2-3.9(2-4), 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediments in water(SRC). 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(5,SRC) given its Henry's Law constant of 1.0X10-3 atm-cu m/mole at 20 °C(6), but adsorption may attenuate this process(SRC). Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6 and 150 hours, respectively when neglecting adsorption(5,SRC). The volatilization half-life in a model pond is approximately 34 days when adsorption is considered(7). According to a classification scheme(8), BCF values in the range of 1,600 to 4,800, measured in carp(9) and log BCF values of 3.7-4.1 measured in trout(10), suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Biodegradation is expected to occur slowly based on a half-life of 29 days measured in anaerobic river sediment(11). When irradiated with light greater than 285 nm, this compound was degraded 61 percent in a water solution in 16 hrs(12), suggesting that photolysis in surface waters may be important(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene, which has a vapor pressure of 0.005 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 200 days(SRC) from its estimated rate constant of 8.2X10-14 cu cm/mole-sec(3).

1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected in potatoes (0.486 and 2.19 mg/kg) and lettuce (0.012 mg/kg)(1). Combined 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene were detected in the following oils: corn (0.04 mg/kg), rape (0.005 mg/kg), sunflower (0.001 mg/kg), peanut (0.001 mg/kg), sesame (0.005 mg/kg) walnut (0.005 mg/kg), hazelnut (0.01 mg/kg) and poppy (0.005 mg/kg)(2). 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene was detected in meat from Yugoslavia at a concn of 1.8 ng/g(3).

Combined 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene isomers were reported in herring gull eggs from the Detroit River at mean concns of 0.01-0.45 ppm(1). Combined 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene isomers were reported in herring gull eggs near Lake Huron at median concns of 0.5-201 ng/g(2) and near Lake Superior at concns of 0.004-0.01 ug/g(3). Combined 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene isomers were detected in eggs of terns (0.002 and 0.005 mg/kg), double-crested cormorant (0.003 mg/kg) and black-crowned night herons (0.005 and 0.002 mg/kg)(4).

U207; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene is included on this list.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

(AZ) ARIZONA 2 ug/l

(FL) FLORIDA 4 ug/l

... /IN URINE FROM RATS DOSED/ WITH TOTAL OF 300 MG/KG OF HEXACHLOROBENZENE FOR 10 MONTHS ... 1,2,4,5-TETRACHLOROBENZENE & CERTAIN OTHER CHLOROBENZENES WERE DETECTED, BUT NOT COMPLETELY IDENTIFIED.

ORAL ADMIN OF 100 MG/KG HEXACHLOROBENZENE TO RATS TWICE/WK PRODUCED 1,2,3,4-TETRACHLOROBENZENE IN URINE & 1,2,4,5-TETRACHLOROBENZENE IN FECES.

1,2,4,5-TETRACHLOROBENZENE IS METABOLIZED TO 2,3,5,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL IN RABBITS. /FROM TABLE/

Lindane administered to hen pheasants resulted in tetrachlorobenzene being identified ... as part of the array of metabolites found in eggs and chicks as well as in the body tissues of hens. /Tetrachlorobenzenes/

For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for 1,2,4,5-TETRACHLOROBENZENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1,2,4,5-TETRACHLOROBENZENE ACCUM IN ADIPOSE TISSUE FOLLOWING CONTINUOUS ADMIN WITH FOOD TO RATS.

AT END OF 2 YR EXPOSURE AT 5 MG/KG/DAY IN DIET OF DOGS, 1,2,4,5-TETRACHLOROBENZENE REACHED 98 & 97% OF CALCULATED STEADY STATE CONCN IN FAT & PLASMA. IT WAS ELIMINATED FROM FAT & PLASMA WITH HALF-LIFE OF 111 & 104 DAYS. RATE OF ELIMINATION RESULTED IN DRAMATIC CHANGES IN FAT/PLASMA RATIO.

Three tetrachlorobenzene (TCB) congeners (1,2,3,4-, 1,2,3,5-, and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene) were administered daily by gavage to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at levels of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg from day 6-15 of gestation. Residues of all three congeners were found in maternal and fetal tissues but generally the amounts of the 1,2,4,5- isomer were about 100 times higher than the other two.

... This study was designed to determine the subchronic toxicity of the tetrachlorobenzenes. Results indicated that 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene accumulated in fat and liver in a dose dependent manner.

THE MEAN LEVELS OF CHLOROBENZENES (INCLUDING 1,2,4,5-TETRACHLOROBENZENE) IN HUMAN MILK AND ADIPOSE TISSUE WERE DETERMINED AND RANGED FROM TRACES TO 25 UG/KG FOR HUMAN MILK AND FROM NOT DETECTED TO 146 UG/KG FOR ADIPOSE TISSUE. THE DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT CHLOROBENZENE ISOMERS IN ADIPOSE TISSUE AND MILK WAS DIFFERENT.

Used in the synthesis of other organic compounds; [HSDB]

IN SYNTH OF 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENATE SODIUM

Int for herbicides & defoliants /former use/; insecticide /former use/; impregnant for moisture resistance; electrical insulation

USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOL /FORMER USE/

... MANUFACTURED ... /BY/ THE CHLORINATION OF BENZENE WITH 4 MOLES OF CHLORINE ...

Iodine plus antimony trichloride is effective in selectively chlorinating 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene to 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene.

Benzene, 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-: ACTIVE

Distillation range: 240-246 °C