HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemistry Print Report · For research reference only
Styrene Oxide
2-PHENYLOXIRANE · PHENYLETHYLENE OXIDE · PHENYLOXIRANE · Styrene-7,8-oxide · STO · EPOXYSTYRENE · STYRENE EPOXIDE · (±)-Styrene oxide
Identifiers & Physical Properties
| CAS No. | 96-09-3 |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C8H8O |
| Average molar mass | 120.15 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic mass | 120.05751488 g/mol |
| SMILES | c1ccc(C2CO2)cc1 |
| InChIKey | AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 7276 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1605493 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:17907 |
| EC No. | 202-476-7 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID2021286 |
Chemical & Physical Properties
| XLogP | 1.6 |
|---|---|
| Topological polar surface area | 12.5 |
| Hydrogen bond donors | 0 |
| Hydrogen bond acceptors | 1 |
| Rotatable bonds | 1 |
| Heavy atoms | 9 |
| Formal charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 94.7 |
| Chemical classes | Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)Carcinogens |
| Polymers | Plastics & Rubber -> Epoxides |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | log Kow = 1.611.84 |
| Odor | Sweet, pleasant |
| Density | 1.0523 at 61 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than waterwill sink1.0490 g/ cu cm at 25 °CStyrene oxide (98 mole % pure) is available in USA with following specifications: density, 1.0490-1.0515 (25/25 °C)distillation range at 760 mm: fraction between 5 and 95% by vol shall boil within 3.0 °C range, which includes temp 194.1 °Cwater, 0.25% by wt.Relative density (water = 1): 1.051.046 @25 °C1.054 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Viscosity | 1.99 cP at 20 °C |
| Color/Form | Colorless to pale straw-colored liquid |
| Solubility | less than 1 mg/mL at 67.1 °F (NTP, 1992)Completely soluble in acetone, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl ether, heptane, methanol0.3% wt in waterSolubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 0.3 (poor)3g/l3 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Flash point | 175 °F (NTP, 1992)76 °C165 °F (74 °C) (Open cup)76 °C c.c. |
| Boiling point | 381 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)194.1 °C194 °C194.2 °C @760 [mm Hg]194 °C (lit.) |
| Melting point | -35 °F (NTP, 1992)-35.6 °C-36.7 °C-37 °C (lit.) |
| Vapor density | 4.14 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than airwill sink (Relative to Air)4.30 (Air = 1)Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.304.14 (vs air) |
| Vapor pressure | <1 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Refractive index | n20/D 1.535(lit.) |
| Storage conditions | Store below +30°C. |
| Physical state | Liquid |
| Color | Clear colorless to slightly yellow |
| Biological source | synthetic |
| Explosive limits | 1.1-22%(V) |
| BRN | 108582 |
| Henry's law constant | 6.2×10-1 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, HSDB (2015) |
| Stability | Stability Unstable - polymerises readily with compounds possessing a labile hydrogen (such as acids and alcohols) in the presence of acids, bases or some salts. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, acids, bases. Moisture sensitive. |
| Major applications | flavors and fragrances |
| InChI | 1S/C8H8O/c1-2-4-7(5-3-1)8-6-9-8/h1-5,8H,6H2 |
| InChIKey | AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | C1OC1c2ccccc2 |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | 1.61 |
| Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances | STYRENE OXIDE |
| FDA 21 CFR | 175.300 |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 96-09-3(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| EWG's Food Scores | 5 |
| FDA UNII | 9QH06NGT6O |
| Proposition 65 List | Styrene Oxide |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Oxirane, phenyl-(96-09-3) |
| IARC | 2A (Vol. Sup 7, 60, 121) 2019 |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Styrene oxide (96-09-3) |
| UNSPSC Code | 12352202 |
| NACRES | NA.32 |
| GHS pictogram | GHS06,GHS08 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS hazard statements | H311-H302-H315-H319-H361-H373-H317-H341-H350-H336-H401-H227 |
| GHS precautionary statements | P501-P273-P272-P260-P270-P202-P210-P201-P271-P264-P280-P370+P378-P308+P313-P337+P313-P305+P351+P338-P361+P364-P333+P313-P301+P312+P330-P302+P352+P312-P304+P340+P312-P403+P233-P403+P235-P405 |
| Personal protective equipment (PPE) | Eyeshields, Faceshields, Gloves, type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter |
| Hazard symbols | T |
| Risk statements (R) | 45-21-36-43-36/38-20/21-46 |
| Safety statements (S) | 53-45-36/37-26 |
| UN transport number | UN 2810 6.1/PG 3 |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 3 |
| RTECS number | CZ9625000 |
| Autoignition temperature | 928 °F |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| Hazard class | 6.1Acute Tox. 3 InhalationAcute Tox. 4 DermalCarc. 1BEye Irrit. 2Muta. 1BSkin Irrit. 2Skin Sens. 1 |
| Packing group | III |
| Customs code | 29109000 |
| Storage class | 6.1C - Combustible acute toxic Cat.3toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects |
| Hazardous substances data | 96-09-3(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| Limited quantities | 5.0 L (1.3 gallons) (liquid) or 5.0 kg (11 lbs) (solid) |
| Excepted quantities | Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (1Kg or 1L) |
Safety & Regulations
| GHS classification | DangerH312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]P203, P264+P265, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P317, P318, P321, P337+P317, P362+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 4.3% (16 of 374) of reports.H311 (15%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal] |
|---|---|
| Regulatory information | Chemical: Oxirane, phenyl-Hazard Traits - CarcinogenicityDermatotoxicityHepatotoxicity and Digestive System ToxicityNeurotoxicityOcular ToxicityReproductive ToxicityRespiratory ToxicityStatus: Active Update: 10-06-2020 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14585Phenylethylene oxide: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standardThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| Other safety information | IMAP assessments - Oxirane, phenyl-: Environment tier I assessment |
| DOT label | Poison |
| Fire hazards | This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992)Combustible. Above 76 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed. |
| Fire potential | On ... basis /of flash point/, it presents hazard of flammability similar to that encountered with ... o-cresol, o-dichlorobenzene, naphthalene, phenol, and dimethylaniline. Definite hazard exists whenever ... /it/ is heated to temperatures at and above the flash point. |
| Health hazards | SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include severe irritation of the skin and eyes, and skin sensitization. It can cause corrosion of tissues. Other symptoms may include burns, irritation of mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract, nausea, vomiting and headaches. Exposure may also cause central nervous system depression, hepatic lesions and pain to the eyes. Symptoms of exposure to a related compound include drying and cracking of the skin on contact, primary irritation to mucosal surfaces, fatigue, weakness, depression, unsteadiness, feeling of drunkenness, abnormal electroencephalograms and one case of toxic retrobulbar neuritis. Chronic exposure to a related compound has caused peripheral neuropathies (distal hypesthesia and decreased nerve conduction velocities). |
| Hazards summary | Styrene oxide is used as a reactive plasticizer or diluent for epoxy resins and in the production of phenethyl alcohol and styrene glycol and its derivatives. Acute (short-term) exposure to styrene oxide causes skin and eye irritation in humans. Corneal injury, liver, and neurological effects have been reported in acutely exposed animals. No information is available on the chronic (long-term), reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of styrene oxide in humans. Maternal toxicity and increased fetal mortality have been observed in rats and rabbits exposed to styrene oxide by inhalation. Several studies have reported an increased incidence of forestomach tumors in rats and mice exposed via gavage (experimentally placing the chemical in the stomach). The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified styrene oxide as a Group 2A, a probable human carcinogen.There are no data linking styrene oxide exposure to effects in humans, so the TLV-TWA is based on animal studies. TLV Basis = upper respiratory tract irritation and blood changes. [ACGIH, 2020] A skin and eye irritantInhalation of high concentrations may cause CNS depression[ICSC] Toxic by ingestion and inhalation[Hawley] Repeated exposure may lead to skin sensitization[HSDB] May cause skin burns, sensitization, liver injury, and CNS depression[CAMEO] An eye irritant and lachrymatorMay cause CNS depressionTargets the CNS and liver[MSDSonline]The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of styrene-7,8-oxide stem from its toxicologic properties. Exposure to this sweet-smelling, colorless-to-pale straw-colored liquid may occur from its use in the manufacture of styrene glycol, beta-phenylethyl alcohol, surface coatings, and epoxy resins, and in the treatment of fibers and textiles. Effects from exposure may include skin, eye, and respiratory irritation, pulmonary edema, nausea, and central nervous system depression. Also, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified styrene-7,8-oxide as a Group 2A carcinogen (defined as an agent that is probably carcinogenic to humans). Mechanical exhaust ventilation should be used to minimize exposure. In activities and situations where over-exposure may occur, wear chemical protective clothing and a self-contained breathing apparatus. Smoking, drinking, and eating should be prohibited in styrene-7,8-oxide work areas. Styrene-7,8-oxide must be moderately heated before ignition will occur. For fires involving styrene-7,8-oxide, extinguish with water spray, which acts by lowering the substance to below its flash point. Styrene-7,8-oxide should be stored in unbreakable, watertight containers, away from heat and sources of ignition. Before implementing land disposal of styrene-7,8-oxide waste, consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance. |
| Reactive group | Hydrocarbons, Aromatic |
| EC classification | Symbol: TR: 45-21-36S: 53-45Note: E |
| Special Reports | Barale RMutat Res 257 (2): 107-26 (1991). The genetic toxicology of styrene and styrene oxide is reviewed.National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Styrene-7,8-oxide (96-09-3) is listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.[Available from, as of July 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s165styr.pdf] |
| Reactivity Alerts | Polymerizable |
| Reactivity Profile | STYRENE OXIDE is incompatible with oxidizing agents. Also incompatible with acids and bases. Reacts with 4-(4'-nitrobenzyl)pyridine. Polymerizes exothermally and reacts vigorously with compounds possessing a labile hydrogen (e.g. alcohols and amines) in the presence of catalysts such as acids, bases and certain salts (NTP, 1992). |
| Fire fighting | Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)Use powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water. |
| First aid measures | Fresh air, rest.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention . |
| First aid | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. |
| Safe storage | Separated from acids, bases and food and feedstuffs. Ventilation along the floor. |
| Firefighting Hazards | ... /Styrene oxide/ is a corrosive chemical that reacts vigorously with water ... . |
| Storage conditions | ... PRECAUTIONS SHOULD BE TAKEN TO PREVENT EXCESSIVE PRESSURE UNDER STORAGE OR REACTION CONDITIONS & TO RELIEVE SUCH PRESSURE SHOULD IT OCCUR.PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practicable to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/ |
| Cleanup methods | PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/ |
| Nonfire spill response | SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. |
| Disposal methods | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic, and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.Incineration: Liquids should be atomized into an incinerator and combustion may be improved by mixing with a more flammable solvent (acetone or benzene). Solids should be combined with paper or other flammable material. An alternate procedure is to dissolve the solid in a flammable solvent and spray the soln into the fire chamber.PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for STYRENE-7,8-OXIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Spillage disposal | Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking liquid in covered containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
| Preventive Measures | PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for STYRENE-7,8-OXIDE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: |
| Body burden | Styrene oxide has been detected in the venous blood of 4 workers exposed to styrene of unspecified purity(1). |
| Interactions | Doses of 0.8 umol/egg styrene oxide (purity, 97%) dissolved in vegetable oil were injected into the air space of White-Leghorn "mittari" & SK 12 chicken eggs on day 3 of incubation. In addnl groups, 0.1 umol trichloropropylene oxide, an inhibitor of epoxide hydrolyase, was injected simultaneously with styrene oxide as a check on the effects of metabolism on embryotoxicity. Embryos were examined on day 14 of incubation. Styrene oxide treatment alone resulted in embryolethality & malformationsaddition of trichloropropylene oxide to the styrene oxide treatment augmented these effects. |
| Ecotoxicity values | EC50Species: Scenedesmus abundans (Green algae, 10+4 cells/mL)Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °CConcentration: 32000 ug/L for 96 hrEffect: growth, general /97.0% purity/LC50Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age <24 hr neonate)Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 23.7 (23-24.5) °C, pH 8.34 (7.67-8.63), hardness 287.2 mgL CaCO3 (168-437 mg/L), alkalinity 174.2 mg/L CaCO3 (104-261 mg/L), dissolved oxygen 82.6% (75.9-95.3%)Concentration: 11600 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 10200-13100 ug/L) /97% purity/Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow, age 30 days, length 17 mm, weight 0.082 g)Conditions: freshwater, flow through, 23.3 (22.5-24.8) °C, pH 6.9 (6.75-7.04), hardness 53.4 mgL CaCO3 (51.9-53.9 mg/L), alkalinity 40.5 mg/L CaCO3 (40-42 mg/L), dissolved oxygen 85.5% (72.9-92.3%)Concentration: 4540 ug/L for 96 hr /97% purity/Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow, age 30 days, length 17 mm, weight 0.074 g)Conditions: freshwater, static, 22.3 (22-22.6) °C, pH 6.82 (6.53-7.12), hardness 53.2 mgL CaCO3 (49.9-57.9 mg/L), alkalinity 38 mg/L CaCO3 (31-42 mg/L), conductivity 120 (118-120) umhos/cm, dissolved oxygen 59.4% (25.6-73%)Concentration: 10700 ug/L for 96 hr /97% purity/ |
| Environmental fate | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 53(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 3,000 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that styrene-7,8-oxide is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of styrene-7,8-oxide from moist soil surfaces is expected(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.3 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 3,000 mg/L(2). Styrene-7,8-oxide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.3 mm Hg(2). Hydrolytic half-lives of 0.17, 28 and 40.9 hours have been reported for styrene-7,8-oxide at pH 3, 7, and 9, respectively(4). Hydrolysis is likely to be a more important fate than volatilization from moist soil or transport through soils, particularly in acidic soils(SRC). Styrene-7,8-oxide (100 mg/L) reached 80-82% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum (30 mg/L) in the Japanese MITI test(5), suggesting that biodegradation is likely to be an important fate process for styrene-7,8-oxidehowever, the test results might be for the hydrolysis product, styrene glycol(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 53(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 3,000 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that styrene-7,8-oxide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected for styrene-7,8-oxide(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.3 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 3,000 mg/L(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 64 hours and 23 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 3.5(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.61(5) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Hydrolytic half-lives of 0.17, 28 and 40.9 hours have been reported for styrene-7,8-oxide at pH 3, 7, and 9, respectively(7). Hydrolysis is likely to be a more important fate than volatilization from water or bioconcentration in aquatic organisms, particularly in acidic water(SRC). Styrene-7,8-oxide (100 mg/L) reached 80-82% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum (30 mg/L) in the Japanese MITI test(8), suggesting that biodegradation is likely to be an important fate process for styrene-7,8-oxideATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), styrene-7,8-oxide, which has a vapor pressure of 0.3 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase styrene-7,8-oxide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3.2 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Styrene-7,8-oxide does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). |
| Adverse effects | Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin |
| Exposure routes | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Dizziness. Drowsiness. Unconsciousness. Vomiting.Redness. Pain.Abdominal pain. Further see Inhalation. |
| Ongoing Test Status | The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=96-09-3] |
| Effluent Concentrations | In a comprehensive survey of wastewater from 4000 industrial and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) sponsored by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the US EPA, styrene-7,8-oxide was identified in one discharge of the rubber processing industry at a level of 46.2 ppb(1). Styrene-7,8-oxide was also identified in effluent from a latex manufacturing plant in Louisville, KY and chemical manufacturing plants in Louisville and Memphis, TN(2). |
| Medical Surveillance | PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning ... /cytogenetic and/or other/ tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/ |
| Soil Adsorption/Mobility | The Koc of styrene-7,8-oxide is estimated as 53(SRC), using a water solubility of 3,000 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that styrene-7,8-oxide is expected to have very high mobility in soil. Hydrolytic half-lives of 0.17, 28 and 40.9 hours have been reported for styrene-7,8-oxide at pH 3, 7, and 9, respectively(4). Hydrolysis is likely to be a more important fate than transport through soils, particularly in acidic soils(SRC). |
| Atmospheric Concentrations | Styrene-7,8-oxide has been tentatively detected, but not quantified, in air samples in the Los Angeles Basin as well as other, unspecified areas of the USA(1).SOURCE DOMINATED: Concentrations of styrene-7,8-oxide ranging from <0.2 to 190 ppb were reported in air from various polymerization facilities(1). |
| Atmospheric standards | Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Styrene-7,8-oxide is included on this list. |
| CERCLA reportable quantities | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). |
| Personal protective equipment (PPE) | Eyeshields, Faceshields, Gloves, type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 3 |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| RTECS number | CZ9625000 |
| UN transport number | UN 2810 6.1/PG 3 |
| Customs code | 29109000 |
| Risk statements (R) | 45-21-36-43-36/38-20/21-46 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS pictogram | GHS06,GHS08 |
| Hazard symbols | T |
| Safety statements (S) | 53-45-36/37-26 |
| Hazard class | 6.1Acute Tox. 3 InhalationAcute Tox. 4 DermalCarc. 1BEye Irrit. 2Muta. 1BSkin Irrit. 2Skin Sens. 1 |
| Storage class | 6.1C - Combustible acute toxic Cat.3toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects |
| Packing group | III |
| GHS hazard statements | H311-H302-H315-H319-H361-H373-H317-H341-H350-H336-H401-H227 |
| Limited quantities | 5.0 L (1.3 gallons) (liquid) or 5.0 kg (11 lbs) (solid) |
| Excepted quantities | Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (1Kg or 1L) |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| Autoignition temperature | 928 °F |
| GHS precautionary statements | P501-P273-P272-P260-P270-P202-P210-P201-P271-P264-P280-P370+P378-P308+P313-P337+P313-P305+P351+P338-P361+P364-P333+P313-P301+P312+P330-P302+P352+P312-P304+P340+P312-P403+P233-P403+P235-P405 |
| Hazardous substances data | 96-09-3(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Applications & Uses
Uses
Styrene oxide is is an important intermediate for organic synthesis and is widely used in organic synthesis, pharmaceutical preparation, and perfume production. For example, styrene oxide is added to hydrogen to produce monophenylethanol under the action of a catalyst. Styrene oxide has a wide range of uses, and can be used in floral fragrances for daily use, as well as in food. Styrene oxide is also an important intermediate for the synthesis of levamisole hydrochloride. L-imidazole hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum intestinal repellent that can be used by humans and animals.
Uses
Used as an intermediate in the production of styrene glycol and its derivatives; as a reactive dilutent in the epoxy resin industry; as a chemical intermediate for making bphenethyl alcohol, a fragrance material.
Uses
A major (toxic) metabolite of Styrene (S687790), catalyzed by epoxide hydrolase.
General Description
Styrene oxide is a clear colorless straw-colored liquid with a sweet pleasant odor. (NTP, 1992)