Gamma-Butyrolactone

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Alcohol foam.

To fight fire, use foam, ... carbon dioxide, dry chemical.

Butyrolactone can be stored indefinitely. The pure product is noncorrosive and therefore can be stored and transported in carbon steel containers. Butyrolactone becomes slightly yellow on prolonged storage in carbon steel vessels without nitrogen padding. In this case stainless steel containers are recommended. The hygroscopicity of the product requires some precautions. Butyrolactone attacks concrete vigorously.

Separated from acids, alcohols, amines and bases. Dry.

/Lab quantity/. Absorb on paper. Evaporate on a glass or an iron dish in hood. Burn the paper.

Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place. (Extra personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapors).

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Seal the absorbent paper, as well as any of your clothing which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash any surfaces you may have contaminated with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 11(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.64(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that butyrolactone is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of butyrolactone from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.45 mm Hg(4), and assigned value for water solubility of 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(5). Butyrolactone is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.45 mm Hg(4). Butyrolactone, present at 100 mg/L, reached 77% of its theoretical biological oxygen demand in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test(6), suggesting that biodegradation in soil is an important environmental fate process(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 11(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.64(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that butyrolactone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mol(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.45 mm Hg(4), and assigned value for water solubility of 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(5). Hydrolysis in neutral aqueous solutions proceeds slowly at room temperature and more rapidly at acidic conditions and elevated temperatures; under alkaline conditions hydrolysis is rapid and irreversible(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 3.2(SRC), from its log Kow of -0.64(2) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Butyrolactone reached 77% of its theoretical biological oxygen demand in 2 weeks using the Japanese MITI test(9), suggesting that biodegradation in water is an important environmental fate process(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), butyrolactone, which has a vapor pressure of 0.45 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase butyrolactone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6.9 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.3X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Butyrolactone does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Using high-flow dynamic headspace isolation and capillary GC/MS analysis, butyrolactone was found in rice cakes at concns ranging from 750 to 1000 ppb(1). Butyrolactone has been identified as a constituent of coffee aroma(2), an odor compound in frankfurters(3), a volatile flavor component of roasted filberts(4), and a volatile component of chickpeas(5). Using a dry method, popcorn contained 22,000 ug/kg of butyrolactone(6). Butyrolactone was detected at a concn of 50 ppb in pureed mango(7) and was qualitatively detected in the tropical fruit rambutan(8). Raw earth almonds have been found to contain 0.4% butyrolactone(9).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, by ingestion and through the skin.

Inhalation (A626) ; oral (A626) ; injection (A626) ; dermal (A626).

Gamma-butyrolactone is rapidly converted to gamma-hydroxybutyrate. This may account for the subsequent central nervous system depressant. Gamma-butyrolactone is an anesthetic that causes a selective increase in brain dopamine by antagonizing transmitter release from nerve terminal. It is also an endogenous brain metabolite that may be derived from glutamate through gamma-aminobutyrate. GBL binds to the picrotoxin receptor (A566, A318).

Cough. Sore throat. Drowsiness.

MAY BE ABSORBED!

Redness. Pain.

Vomiting. Drowsiness. Laboured breathing. Unconsciousness.

Headache, confusion, ataxia, urinary incontinence or urgency, difficulty breathing, bradycardia, uncontrollable shaking, hallucinations, seizure-like activity (uncontrollable or unusual movements), and acidosis. Hypothermia has been reported in adults and children following exposure (T36).

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=96-48-0]

The Koc of butyrolactone is estimated as 11(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.64(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that butyrolactone is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The following chemicals have been specifically designated by the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration as the listed chemicals subject to the provisions of this part and parts 1309 and 1313 of this chapter. Each chemical has been assigned the DEA Chemical Code Number set forth opposite it. gamma-Butyrolactone (DEA Code Number: 2011) is included on List 1 chemicals.

Residues of gamma-butyrolactone are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a solvent in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only.

Used as a chemical intermediate, nematicide, and paint and nail polish remover; Also used as a solvent for polymers, inks, cosmetics, and drugs; [HSDB]

Plastic Composites Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

Intermediate in the synthesis of polyvinylpyrrolidone, DL-methionine, piperidine, phenylbutyric acid, thiobutyric acids. Solvent for polyacrylonitrile, cellulose acetate, methyl methacrylate polymers, polystyrene. Constituent of paint removers, textile aids, drilling oils.

Intermediate in the synthesis of herbicides, growth regulators, alpha-acetobutyrolactone, the rubber additive thiodibutyric acid, as a polymerization catalyst, in hairwave compositions, sun lotions, pharmaceuticals, printing inks, as an extractant in the petroleum industry, as a stabilizer for chlorohydrocarbons and phosphorus-based pesticides, as a nematocide, and as a cosolvent for capacitor electrolytes and photoresists.

In recent years, gamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) has emerged as a significant drug of abuse throughout the United States. Abusers of this drug fall into three major groups: (1) users take GHB for its intoxicant or euphoriant effects; (2) bodybuilders who abuse GHB for its alleged utility as an anabolic agent or as a sleep aid; and (3) individuals who use GHB as a weapon for sexual assault. These categories are not mutually exclusive and an abuser may use the drug illicitly to produce several effects. GHB is frequently taken with alcohol or other drugs that heighten its effects and is often found at bars, nightclubs, rave parties, and gyms. ... Gamma butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol are GHB analogues that can be used as substitutes for GHB. When ingested, these analogues are converted to GHB and produce identical effects. GBL is also used in the clandestine production of GHB as an immediate precursor. Both GBL and 1,4-butanediol have been sold at health food stores and on various internet sites. ... Gamma butyrolactone (GBL) was made a /DEA/ List I Chemical in February 2000.

Gamma-butyrolactone is a chemical solvent used in nail polish removers.

2023: 100,000,000 - <250,000,000 lb

2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro- is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#4904]

High-pressure synthesis from acetylene and formaldehyde.

Prepd from acetylene and formaldehyde; ... from ethylene chlorohydrin, glutaric acid, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid soln, tetrahydrofuran, or vinylacetic acid ... .

Hydrogenation of maleic anhydride

The Reppe process for manufacturing butyrolactone involves the endothermic dehydrogenation of 1,4-butanediol in the gas phase. ... Preheated 1,4-butanediol vapor is introduced into a hot stream of circulating hydrogen and passed at atmospheric pressure through a bed of copper catalyst at temperatures between 180 and 240 °C. The yield of butyrolactone is approximately 95%. The reaction takes place via gamma-hydroxybutyraldehyde.

For more Methods of Manufacturing (Complete) data for BUTYROLACTONE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Electronic-grade butyrolactone is about 99% pure ... .

Grade: technical

Fragrance Ingredients

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Cosmetics -> Solvent

Gamma-Butyrolactone (Other names include: GBL; Dihydro-2 (3H)-furanone; 1,2-Butanolide; 1,4-Butanolide; 4-Hydroxybutanoic acid lactone; gamma-hydroxybutyric acid lactone)

A chemical specified by regulation that, in addition to legitimate uses, is used in manufacturing a controlled substance in violation of the Act and is important to the manufacture of a controlled substance. (21 eCFR 1310.02)

Adhesive Manufacturing

2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-: ACTIVE