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Nicosulfuron

HCID 73281
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Basic informationOverviewNames & identifiersPropertiesSafety & regulationChemistry & industryRelated reactionsCompound notes
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Basic information

CAS
111991-09-4
Standard SMILES
COc1cc(OC)nc(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)c2ncccc2C(=O)N(C)C)n1
InChIKey
RTCOGUMHFFWOJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular formula
C15H18N6O6S
Average molar mass
410.4 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass
410.10085349

Overview

Nicosulfuron is a N-sulfonylurea that is 2-(carbamoylsulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl group at the amino nitrogen. It has a role as a herbicide, a xenobiotic and an environmental contaminant. It is a member of pyridines, a member of pyrimidines and a N-sulfonylurea.

Names & identifiers

Preferred name
Nicosulfuron
IUPAC
2-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)carbamoylsulfamoyl]-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide
English name
Nicosulfuron
Molecular formula
C15H18N6O6S
Molecular weight
410.4

Names & synonyms

Nicosulfuron111991-09-4DTXSID6034764SL-950CG297D9264CHEBI:75543-Pyridinecarboxamide, 2-(((((4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino)carbonyl)amino)sulfonyl)-N,N-dimethyl-DTXCID4014764DPX-V9360MU-4952-((4,6-DIMETHOXYPYRIMIDIN-2-YLCARBAMOYL)SULFAMOYL)-N,N-DIMETHYLNICOTINAMIDERefChem:854094
Show more names
1-(4,6-Dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)-3-[3-(dimethylcarbamoyl)-2-pyridylsulfonyl]urea, 2-[(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl]-N,N-dimethylnicotinamideACCENT1-(4,6-Dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)-3-[3-(dimethylcarbamoyl)-2-pyridylsulfonyl]ureaDASULhu195sl950furonMU 495AccetnNisshin
2-((((4,6-Dimethoxy-(2-pyrimidinyl)amino)carbonyl)amino)sulfonyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide686-897-5691-662-5MilagroMotivellAccent (herbicide)Accent (pesticide)SL 950

Properties

Computed structural properties

XLogP
0.6
Topological polar surface area
161 Ų
Hydrogen bond donors
2
Hydrogen bond acceptors
9
Rotatable bonds
6
Heavy atoms
28
Formal charge
0
Complexity
642

Experimental & physicochemical properties

Pesticides · 6 items

Herbicides

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Approved

Environmental transformation -> Pesticides (parent, predecessor)

Herbicides

Pesticide (Nicosulfuron) -> USDA PDB

Pesticide

LogP · 2 items

log Kow: 0.35 at pH 5; 1.8 at pH 7; -2 at pH 9

-0.36

OdorPhenolic
Density · 2 items

9.53 g/mL

Density: 0.313 (bulk)

Color/Form · 3 items

Colorless white solid

Colorless crystals

Tan-colored

Solubility · 4 items

Solubilities (all in g/kg, 25 °C): acetone 18, ethanol 4.5, chloroform, DMF 64, acetonitrile 23, toluene 0.370, hexane <0.02, dichloromethane 160

In water (ppm), 44 at pH 3.5: 22000 (pH 7)

In water, 7.4X10+3 mg/L at pH 7, 25 °C

In water, 1.2X10+4 mg/L at 25 °C

Melting Point · 2 items

172 °C

MP: 169-172 °C; 140-161 °C (technical)

Safety & regulation

Safety information is for reference only and does not replace the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS), applicable regulations, or professional assessment.

GHS classification

GHS Classification · 6 items

Warning

H315 (28.1%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P264, P264+P265, P273, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 160 reports by companies from 16 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 50% (1 of 2) of reports.

Warning

Hazard information

Regulatory Information · 4 items

Commission Regulation (EC) No 1490/2002

Nicosulfuron is listed in the dataset of EPA Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides under the Safe Drinking Water Act (40 eCFR 141)

2008/40, Reg. (EU) 2018/1796, Reg. (EU) 2019/1589, Reg. (EU) 2020/1511, Reg. (EU) 2021/1449, Reg. (EU) 2022/1480, Reg. (EU) 2023/2592, Reg. (EU) No 540/2011

Nicosulfuron: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

FIFRA Requirements · 5 items

Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide nicosulfuron, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities in the following table [below]. Compliance with the tolerance levels specified in the following table [below] is to be determined by measuring only nicosulfuron, 3-Pyridinecarboxamide, 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino] carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-N,N-dimethyl-. [Table#7853]

Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Scheduled for 2012

Time-limited tolerances specified in the following table [below] are established for residues of the herbicide nicosulfuron, 3-Pyridinecarboxamide, 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino] carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-N,N-dimethyl-, in or on the specified agricultural commodities, resulting from use of the pesticide pursuant to FFIFRA section 18 emergency exemptions. The tolerances expire and are revoked on the date specified in the table. [Table#7854]

Chemistry & industry

Pharmacology

Biological Half-Life · 1 item

The ... /absorption and elimination/ of /nicosulfuron/ (2-(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl) aminocarbonylaminosulfonyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide) was studied in male and female Sprague-Dawley Crl:CDBR rats. Pyridine-2-(14)C nicosulfuron was administered orally at 10 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg, at 10 mg/kg following oral administration of unlabeled nicosulfuron at 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days, and intravenously at 10 mg/kg. Pyrimidine-2-(14)C labeled nicosulfuron was also administered orally at 1000 mg/kg. ... The average total cumulative excretion indicated half-lives between 12 and 24 hours.

Metabolism/Metabolites · 2 items

Two female goats weighing 43 kg (#1) and 34 kg (#2) (1.4 and 1.8 mg/kg bodyweight respectively), were dosed daily for 3 consecutive days in feed rations treated with (pyrimidine2-(14)C)nicosulfuron, sp. act., 62.2 uCi/mg, radiochemical purity, >95%, isotopic purity, 97%, and (pyridine-2-(14)C)nicosulfuron, sp. act., 62.9 uCi/mg, radiochemical purity, >95%, isotopic purity, >99%, respectively. Dosing capsules were prepared with the (14)C-labeled materials, 13C-enriched isomers (C2 position of each respective ring), and nonradioactive nicosulfuron. The capsules were analyzed prior to dosing by LSC for total (14)C-activity and by HPLC for chemical analysis. These capsules were imbedded in a larger gelatin capsule containing 6 g of goat chow. Goat #1 was housed for a 9-day acclimation period, while goat #2 was kept for 11 days. Both goats showed good health and milk production before and during dosing. The dosage represents a daily feeding level of approximately 60 ppm based on the average feed and hay consumption of 1 kg/day. Samples of milk, bile, urine, and feces were collected daily and analyzed by combustion/liquid scintillation counting. A control goat was not used in the study. Milk, bile, urine, and feces were collected at least one day prior to dosing for use as control samples. ... The proposed metabolic pathway for nicosulfuron in the goat showed primarily three mechanisms: 1) hydrolysis of the sulfonylurea bridge to yield pyridine sulfonamide and pyrimidine amine (both of which undergo additional metabolism); 2) N-demethylation and subsequent loss of sulfur dioxide leading to the cyclized compound N2; and 3) oxidation and conjugation at the 5-position of the pyrimidine ring.

The metabolism of /nicosulfuron/ (2-(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl) aminocarbonylaminosulfonyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide (Accent)) was studied in male and female Sprague-Dawley Crl:CDBR rats. Pyridine-2-(14)C Accent was administered orally at 10 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg, at 10 mg/kg following oral administration of unlabeled Accent at 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days, and intravenously at 10 mg/kg. Pyrimidine-2-(14)C labeled Accent was also administered orally at 1000 mg/kg. ... Metabolites; / pyridinesulfonamide (N,N-dimethyl-2-sulfonamide pyridine-3-carboxamide) and Pyridine acid sulfonamide (2-sulfonamidepyridine-3-carboxylic acid)/ represent hydrolytic cleavage/oxidation of the parent molecule.

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Compound notes

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On this pageBasic informationOverviewNames & identifiersPropertiesSafety & regulationChemistry & industryRelated reactionsCompound notes

Database identifiers

CAS
111991-09-4
PubChem CID
73281
DTXSID
DTXSID6034764
ChEMBL
CHEMBL2251450
ChEBI
CHEBI:7554
UNII
CG297D9264
EC Number
601-148-4、686-897-5、691-662-5
Nikkaji
J429.827F
Vapor Pressure · 2 items

VP: 1.2X10-16 mm Hg at 25 °C

<8X10-7 mPa /<6.0X10-12 mm Hg/ at 25 °C

Henry's Law ConstantHenry's Law constant = 4.13X10-18 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C
Dissociation ConstantspKa = 4.60
Collision Cross Section196.2 Ų [M+Na]+ [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: ESI+; Dataset: TOXCAST; Source Identifier: DTXSID6034764]

Physicochemical properties

Melting point
141 · 141-144°C
Density
1.4126 · 1.4126 (rough estimate)
refractive index
1.7 · 1.7000 (estimate)
storage temp.
Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility
50 mg/mL · DMSO: 50 mg/mL (121.83 mM)
pka
pKa (25°): 4.6
form
Solid
color
White to off-white
Henry's Law Constant
6.8 · 6.8×1010 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Maniere et al. (2011)
Stability
Hygroscopic, Unstable in DMSO
Major Application
agricultureenvironmental
InChI
1S/C15H18N6O6S/c1-21(2)13(22)9-6-5-7-16-12(9)28(24,25)20-15(23)19-14-17-10(26-3)8-11(18-14)27-4/h5-8H,1-4H3,(H2,17,18,19,20,23)
InChIKey
RTCOGUMHFFWOJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES
COc1cc(OC)nc(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)c2ncccc2C(=O)N(C)C)n1
CAS DataBase Reference
111991 · 111991-09-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII
297 D9264 · CG297D9264
Pesticides Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
Accent
EPA Substance Registry System
Nicosulfuron (111991-09-4)
UNSPSC Code
41116107 · 41116107
NACRES
24 · NA.24
Symbol(GHS)
7 · GHS07,GHS09
Signal word
Warning
Hazard statements
315 · H315-H319-H410
Precautionary statements
273 · P273-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338
PPE
95 · dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves
Hazard Codes
Xi,N
Risk Statements
36 · 36/38-50/53
Safety Statements
24 · 24/25-26-61
RIDADR
3077 · UN 3077 9 / PGIII
WGK Germany
1 · 1
RTECS
4615000 · US4615000
HS Code
29350090 · 29350090
Storage Class
11 · 11 - Combustible Solids
Hazard Classifications
1 Aquatic · Aquatic Acute 1Aquatic Chronic 1
Hazardous Substances Data
111991 · 111991-09-4(Hazardous Substances Data)

The Agency has evaluated all current registered uses of nicosulfuron and has determined that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm to any population subgroup will result from exposure to nicosulfuron when considering dietary exposure and all other non-occupational sources of pesticide exposure for which there is reliable information. Therefore, no mitigation measures are needed and current tolerances at 40 CFR 180.454 for nicosulfuron are now considered reassessed under section 408(q) of the FFDCA.

New Active Ingredients ... includes chemicals not previously registered as pesticides, as well as pesticide active ingredients initially registered after November 1, 1984 and that currently have active product registrations. By law, these pesticides must meet new safety standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 and, if new safety standards are met, will be reviewed again on a 15-year cycle. Nicosulfuron (Accent) is designated by EPA as a New Pesticide Active Ingredient. Active Ingredient Number: 129008; Type of Pesticide: conventional - herbicide; Use Site: food use/corn; Year: 1990.

Hazard Classes and Categories · 3 items

Skin Irrit. 2 (28.1%)

Aquatic Acute 1 (50%)

Not Classified

Safety & protection

Fire Fighting Procedures · 2 items

In the event of fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus. Use personal protective equipment. Evacuate personnel and keep upwind of fire. If area is heavily exposed to fire and if conditions permit, let fire burn itself out since water may increase the area contaminated. Burning chemicals may produce by-products more toxic than the original material. Use water spray. Runoff from fire control may be a pollution hazard. Do not allow run-off from fire fighting to enter drains or water courses. Cool containers / tanks with water spray. Control Runoff. /DuPont Accent Q Herbicide/

Extinguishing Media: Water spray, Foam, Dry chemical, Carbon dioxide (CO2). /DuPont Accent Q Herbicide/

Storage Conditions · 2 items

Do not contaminate water, other pesticides, fertilizer, food or feed in storage. Store in original container. Store in a cool, dry place. /DuPont Accent Q Herbicide/

Store product in original container only. Do not contaminate water, other pesticides, fertilizer, food or feed in storage. Store in a cool, dry place. /DuPont Accent Q Herbicide/

Cleanup Methods · 4 items

Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment rinsewater. /DuPont Accent Q Herbicide/

Safeguards (Personnel): Evacuate personnel, thoroughly ventilate area, use self-contained breathing apparatus. /DuPont Accent Q Herbicide/

Accidental Release Measures: Prevent material from entering sewers, waterways, or low areas. Follow applicable Federal, State/Provincial and Local laws/regulations. /DuPont Accent Q Herbicide/

Spill Cleanup: Sweep up and shovel into suitable containers for disposal. /DuPont Accent Q Herbicide/

Disposal Methods · 3 items

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by disposal. Waste resulting from the use of this product may be disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal facility. /DuPont Accent Q Herbicide/

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Preventive Measures · 5 items

Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. /DuPont Accent Q Herbicide/

Do not apply directly to water, to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. ... Do not apply where/when conditions could favor runoff. /DuPont Accent Q Herbicide/

Users should: Wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco or using the toilet. Remove clothing immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash thoroughly and put on clean clothing. /DuPont Accent Q Herbicide/

Follow manufacturer's instructions for cleaning/maintaining personal protective equipment (PPE). If no such instructions for washables, use detergent and hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry. /DuPont Accent Q Herbicide/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Nicosulfuron (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Allowable Tolerances · 2 items

Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide nicosulfuron, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities in the following table [below]. Compliance with the tolerance levels specified in the following table [below] is to be determined by measuring only nicosulfuron, 3-Pyridinecarboxamide, 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino] carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-N,N-dimethyl-. [Table#7851]

Time-limited tolerances specified in the following table [below] are established for residues of the herbicide nicosulfuron, 3-Pyridinecarboxamide, 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino] carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-N,N-dimethyl-, in or on the specified agricultural commodities, resulting from use of the pesticide pursuant to FFIFRA section 18 emergency exemptions. The tolerances expire and are revoked on the date specified in the table. [Table#7852]

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) · 3 items

Applicators and other handlers must wear: Long-sleeved shirt and long pants. Chemical resistant gloves Category A (such as butyl rubber, natural rubber, neoprene rubber, or nitrile rubber), all > 14 mils. Shoes plus socks. /DuPont Accent Q Herbicide/

Chemical-resistant gloves ... protective eyewear.

... Restricted-entry interval (REI) of 4 hours. Personal protective equipment (PPE) required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with anything that has been treated, such as plants, soil, or water is: Coveralls, chemical resistant gloves Category A (such as butyl rubber, natural rubber, neoprene rubber, or nitrile rubber), all > or = 14 mils. Shoes plus socks. /DuPont Accent Q Herbicide/

Toxicology

Ecotoxicity Values · 5 items

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard Duck, age 8 days) diet >5000 ppm for 8 days

LC50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern Bobwhite Quail, juvenile) diet >5000 ppm for 8 days

LD50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern Bobwhite Quail, age 38 weeks) oral via capsule >2000 mg/kg

LD50; Species: Apis mellifera (Honey Bee, adult) topical >20 ug/bee for 48 hr

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Nicosulfuron (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Environmental Fate · 5 items

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc range of 63.0 to 567.1(2) indicates that nicosulfuron is expected to have very high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Sulfonylurea herbicides, such as nicosulfuron, are more mobile in alkaline soils and in soils with lower organic matter content(3). The pKa of nicosulfuron is 4.60(4), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization of nicosulfuron from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.1X10-18 atm-cu m/mole(6). Nicosulfuron is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of <6X10-12 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Nicosulfuron was less than 1.3% mineralized following 41 days of incubation using 5 soils(7) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Average field half-life is approximately 21 days at pH 6.5. Half-lives were as follows: 0.75 mo for a soil with 1.3% organic matter and pH 5.5 at Stonevill MS; 0.25 mo for a soil with 1.4% organic matter and pH 6.0 at Newark, DE; 0.5 mo for a soil with 2.4% organic matter and pH 6.0 at Bradenton, FL; 1 mo for a soil with 4.4% organic matter and pH 6.9 at Stettler, Alberta /Canada/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: A field study was undertaken in Tennessee in a surface soil to track the dissipation of nicosulfuron. Field plots were set up in 1997 and 1998 on Sequatchie silt loam (pH 5.7, cation exchange capacity 7.0 cmol/g, 1.3% organic matter, and sand/silt/clay was 27/59/14, respectively). Nicosulfuron was applied at 46 g/ha and in combination with rimsulfuron at 46 g/ha. First order rate constants and associated half-lives observed in 1997 were: 0.13/day, half-life 5.3 days (alone); 0.17/day, half-life 4.2 days (mixture). For 1998: 0.54/day, half-life 1.3 days (alone); 0.32/day, half-life 2.2 days (mixture). Under laboratory conditions, moist Sequatchie silt loam soil at 50% field capacity was employed. Nicosulfuron was added at a concentration of 50.0 ng/g soil, both alone and in combination with rimsulfuron and samples were incubated at 30 °C. First order rate constants and associated half-lives observed were: 0.34/day, half-life 2.0 days (alone); 0.30/day, half-life 2.3 days (mixture)(1).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 63.0 to 567.1 in soils of varying clay mineralogy(2), indicates that nicosulfuron is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization of nicosulfuron from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.1X10-18 atm-cu m/mole(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of three(SRC), from its log Kow of -1.8(3) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). The main degradation pathway for nicosulfuron is hydrolysis of the sulfonylurea bridge(7). Nicosulfuron was less than 1.3% mineralized following 41 days of incubation using 5 soils(8) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), nicosulfuron, which has a vapor pressure of <6X10-12 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase nicosulfuron may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Photolysis half-lives in soil were 60-67 days and in water, 200-250 days at pH 7(2) suggesting that nicosulfuron may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Milk Concentrations · 1 item

EXPERIMENTAL: Two female goats weighing 43 kg (#1) and 34 kg (#2) (1.4 and 1.8 mg/kg body weight respectively), were dosed daily for 3 consecutive days in feed rations treated with (pyrimidine2-(14)C)nicosulfuron, sp. act., 62.2 uCi/mg, radiochemical purity, >95%, isotopic purity, 97%, and (pyridine-2-(14)C)nicosulfuron, sp. act., 62.9 uCi/mg, radiochemical purity, >95%, isotopic purity, >99%, respectively. Dosing capsules were prepared with the (14)C-labeled materials, 13C-enriched isomers (C2 position of each respective ring), and nonradioactive nicosulfuron. The capsules were analyzed prior to dosing by LSC for total (14)C-activity and by HPLC for chemical analysis. These capsules were imbedded in a larger gelatin capsule containing 6 g of goat chow. Goat #1 was housed for a 9-day acclimation period, while goat #2 was kept for 11 days. Both goats showed good health and milk production before and during dosing. The dosage represents a daily feeding level of approximately 60 ppm based on the average feed and hay consumption of 1 kg/day. Samples of milk, bile, urine, and feces were collected daily and analyzed by combustion/liquid scintillation counting. A control goat was not used in the study. Milk, bile, urine, and feces were collected at least one day prior to dosing for use as control samples. ... The total (14)C activity measured in milk (pyrimidinyl labeled) by combustion/ LSC was a maximum of 0.03 ppm (0.03% TRR). ...

Ecotoxicity Excerpts · 4 items

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The behavioral effects of short periods (2, 4, 6, 8 hr) of static exposure to prochloraz (imidazole fungicide) and nicosulfuron (sulfonylurea herbicide) were recorded in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Observations were also made in an olfactometer to assess the effects of 8-hr exposures to these two pesticides and to carbofuran (carbamate insecticide) on the behavioral responses to the flow of a solution of four L-amino acids (glycine, alanine, valine, taurine), mixed in the same relative proportions as in the urine of conspecifics. Each pesticide was tested at three sublethal concentrations (25, 50, 100 ug/L), and the behaviors recorded were related to swimming pattern, social interactions, and comfort movements. Static exposures to prochloraz affected horizontal displacements, burst swimming, grouping, and buccal movements. Static exposures to nicosulfuron affected burst swimming and grouping. In pesticide-unexposed fish (control), the flow of the amino acid solution induced attraction, decreased sheltering, and increased horizontal displacements, burst swimming, buccal movements, and antagonistic interactions. Compared to the controls, some of the behavioral responses to the solution of amino acids were significantly different after 8 hr of subacute exposure to prochloraz and carbofuran. Both pesticides decreased attraction and increased sheltering. In addition, carbofuran decreased buccal movements and antagonistic interactions. Contrastingly, exposure to nicosulfuron showed no significant effect. This study further confirms the great vulnerability of fish behavior and chemocommunication processes to exposure to waterborne pesticides.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Juvenile goldfish (Carassius auratus) were exposed to three widely used pesticides; carbofuran, diuron, and nicosulfuron. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and molecular forms of AChE were first characterized in brain and skeletal muscle of unexposed fish. Skeletal muscle had higher AChE activity than brain (306 and 215 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively). In brain, four molecular forms of AChE were found: A12, G4, G2, and G1. In the muscle, three molecular forms were found A12, A8, and G2. AChE activity was then evaluated in both tissues of fish exposed to different concentration of pesticides (5, 50, and 500 ug/L) for 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr. In brain, AChE activity was significantly inhibited during all the periods of exposure in response to 50 ug/L (19-28%) and 500 ug/L (85-87%) carbofuran. Such effect was observed in the muscle only at 500 ug/L (86-92%). Carbofuran had no effect on the distribution of molecular forms. Significant inhibitions (9-12%) of brain AChE activity were also observed in response to diuron and nicosulfuron at 500 ug/L during all periods of exposure and for 50 ug/L nicosulfuron after 24 and 48 hr. This study pointed out short-term effects of exposure to sublethal concentrations of the three pesticides, ranging among different chemical families, on brain and muscle AChE in goldfish.

Soil Adsorption/Mobility · 2 items

Sulfonylurea herbicides, such as nicosulfuron, are more mobile in alkaline soils and in soils with lower organic matter content(1). Nicosulfuron was not highly mobile in soils with 2:1 clay minerology, possibly due to chemisorption on the clay minerals. The Koc of nicosulfuron using 10 Iowa soils ranged from 63.0 (Fruitfield Entic Hapludoll, pH 7.8, 0.33% organic matter, 2.1% clay) to 567.1 (Webster Typic Haplaquoll, pH 8.2, 0.61% organic matter, 34.1% clay). Using four Brazilian soils not characterized by a 2:1 clay minerology, the range was 86.6 (Typic Acrustox, pH 4.6, 2.16% organic matter, 60.0% clay) to 112.3 (Typic Acrustox, pH 4.8, 0.94% organic matter, 64.3% clay)(2). Koc values of 14.7, 63.7. 62.0. 82.7. and 31.5 were reported using 5 soils - three Mollisols from the North Central US (a sand, a silt loam, and a silt clay loam) and two Oxisols (a sandy clay loam from Brazil and a clay from Hawaii), respectively. Sorption increased with aging of soils(3). According to a classification scheme(4), this Koc range suggests that nicosulfuron is expected to have very high to moderate mobility in soil. Kd values in four sandy loams at 25 °C were: 0.16 (pH 6.6, 1.1% organic matter) to 1.73 (pH 5.4, 4.3% organic matter), and 0.05-0.7, soil specifications not listed(5). The pKa of nicosulfuron is 4.60(5), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(6).

Average Koc is 39 mL/g at pH 6.5 ... Koc 38.4 and Kd for a soil with 1.1% organic matter and pH 6.6; Koc 28.8 and Kd 0.26 for a soil with 2.1% organic matter and pH 6.5; Koc 78,8 and Kd 1.73 for a soil with 4.3% organic matter an dpH 5.4

Human Toxicity Excerpts · 1 item

/GENOTOXICITY/ ... /Nicosulfuron/ (IN V9360-27) (90.6% a.i.) induced no significant damage to chromosomal structure of cultured human lymphocytes in the presence and absence of metabolic activation at 40, 200, 400 or 470 micrograms/mL concentrations. Cells were examined for chromosomal abnormalities. Nicosulfuron was not clastogenic under the conditions of this test. The maximum concentration tested 470 micrograms was the limit of the test compound solubility in the test system satisfies the guideline requirement even in the absence of cytotoxicity.

Artificial Pollution SourcesNicosulfuron's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as a herbicide(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).
Environmental Biodegradation · 2 items

AEROBIC: Nicosulfuron at a concentration of 40.4 ug/mL and 4.88 kBq/mL was less than 1.3% mineralized following 41 days of incubation using 5 soils - three Mollisols from the North Central US (a sand, a silt loam, and a silt clay loam) and two Oxisols (a sandy clay loam from Brazil and a clay from Hawaii)(1). The half-life in an unclassified soil (pH 6.1, 5.1% organic matter, 25 °C) was 26 days(2).

ANAEROBIC: Nicosulfuron, present at 10 ug/mL sediment, exhibited degradation rate constants of 1.84X10-2/day and 0.37X10-2/day using a sediment from a stagnant, slow-moving stream near Athens, GA (Beaver Dam) and from a eutrophic pond (Cherokee Park), respectively, incubated at 25 °C(1). The corresponding half-lives are 38 and 182 days, respectively(SRC). Half-lives in the respective sterile controls were 55 days (1.25X10-2/day) and 65 days (1.06X10-2/day)(1).

Environmental Bioconcentration · 1 item

An estimated BCF of three was calculated in fish for nicosulfuron(SRC), using a log Kow of -1.8(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Volatilization from Water/Soil · 1 item

The Henry's Law constant for nicosulfuron is estimated as 4.1X10-18 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that nicosulfuron is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water and moist soil surfaces(2). Nicosulfuron is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 6.0X10-12 mm Hg(3).

Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts · 5 items

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ ... /Nicosulfuron/ (IN V9360-7) (90.4% a.i.) was administered to beagle dogs (4/sex/dose) by feeding at dose levels of 0, 250, 5000, or 20000 ppm (mean measured concentrations of 0, 9.23, 172.0, 710.0 mg/kg/day for males and 0, 9.14, 171.0, 683.0 mg/kg/day for females) for 90 days. Blood and urine samples were taken at 45 and 90 days for analysis. A slight decrease in neutrophils was seen at 90 days in the top dose females. No other effects (clinical, body weight changes, ophthalmology, gross and microscopic pathology) were noted with the compound. ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ ... Nicosulfuron (IN V9360-7) (90.4% a.i.) was administered to CRL:CD-1(ICR)BR mice (15/sex/dose) by feeding at dose levels of 0, 300, 1500, 7500 or 10000 ppm (mean measured concentrations of 0, 43.9, 234.0, 1164.0, 1509.0 mg/kg/day for males and 0, 62.0, 323.0, 1537.0, 2016.0 mg/kg/day for females) for 90 days. No treatment-related signs of toxicity or mortality were attributed to the test material. Body weight and body weight gains were not affected by the treatment. Food consumption and food efficiency were unaffected by the compound intake. No ophthalmological changes related to the compound intake were reported. The primary effects of the compound administration on mice were on the hematologic parameters in both sexes. White blood cells and specifically neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils were decreased with treatment. The most significant effects occurred in neutrophils in females at 90 days where decreases were seen at 1500 ppm and all doses above. Absolute spleen weights were decreased in females at the top dose of 10000 ppm, relative spleen weights were decreased as well, but not statistically significantly. No histopathological effects attributed to treatment were reported. ... The LOAEL derived from this study is 1500 ppm (234.0 / 323.0 mg/kg/day for males/ females) based on decreased hematological parameters, particularly the neutrophils, and the NOAEL is 300 ppm (43.9/ 62.0 mg/kg/day for males/ females). ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ ... /Nicosulfuron/ (IN V9360-7) (90.4% a.i.) was administered to CRL:CD BR rats (10/sex/dose) by feeding at dose levels of 0, 300, 1500, 7500 or 20,000 ppm (mean measured concentrations of 0, 22.2, 107.0, 555.0, 1495.0 mg/kg/day for males and 0, 26.0, 133.0, 685.0, 1830.0 mg/kg/day for females) for 90 days. No treatment-related signs of toxicity or mortality were attributed to the test material. Body weight and body weight gains were not affected by the treatment. Food consumption and food efficiency were unaffected by the compound intake. No ophthalmological changes related to the compound intake were reported. The primary effects of the compound intake toxicity were reduction of platelets. There was a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) but not in a dose dependent fashion in platelets in females at all doses tested both at the 45 and 90 day sacrifices. No other hematological parameters were significantly affected. Blood calcium and bilirubin were significantly depressed (p<0.05) at dose levels of 1500 ppm and above in males and females, but not in a dose-dependent fashion. Ketones were present in the urine of all treated males in a dose-related manner, but not in females. The hematological and urinary findings were not seen in the 24 month study in rats, ... No compound effects on organ weights, gross and microscopic pathology were seen. A LOAEL for subchronic toxicity of this test material is >20,000 ppm (1495/1830 mg/kg/day for males/females) and a NOAEL is 20,000 ppm (1495/1830 mg/kg/day for males/females). This is different from the conclusion of the original review of this study where no NOAEL was derived because of the assumed effects on blood platelets and urinary ketones.

Environmental Abiotic Degradation · 1 item

The main degradation pathway for nicosulfuron is hydrolysis of the sulfonylurea bridge(1). Nicosulfuron at a concentration of 10 ug/mL exhibited hydrolysis rate constants of 12.40X10-2/day (pH 4, 22 °C), 128.16X10-2/day (pH 4, 40 °C), 2.13X10-2/day (pH 7, 40 °C), and 1.34X10-2/day (pH 10, 40 °C)(2); the corresponding half-lives were 5.6, 0.54, 33, and 53 days, respectively(SRC). A hydrolysis half-life of 15 days at pH 5 has been reported; however, nicosulfuron has also been reported as stable to hydrolysis at pH 7 and pH 9(3). Photolysis half-lives in soil were 60-67 days and in water, 14-19 days at pH 5, 200-250 days at pH 7, and 180-200 days at pH 9. Other values reported in soil were 24-43 days at 20 °C, 80-143 days at 20 °C, and in water 15 days at pH 5 and 20 °C(3). Therefore nicosulfuron may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Regulatory information

FIFRA Requirements · 5 items

Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide nicosulfuron, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities in the following table [below]. Compliance with the tolerance levels specified in the following table [below] is to be determined by measuring only nicosulfuron, 3-Pyridinecarboxamide, 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino] carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-N,N-dimethyl-. [Table#7853]

Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Scheduled for 2012

Time-limited tolerances specified in the following table [below] are established for residues of the herbicide nicosulfuron, 3-Pyridinecarboxamide, 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino] carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-N,N-dimethyl-, in or on the specified agricultural commodities, resulting from use of the pesticide pursuant to FFIFRA section 18 emergency exemptions. The tolerances expire and are revoked on the date specified in the table. [Table#7854]

The Agency has evaluated all current registered uses of nicosulfuron and has determined that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm to any population subgroup will result from exposure to nicosulfuron when considering dietary exposure and all other non-occupational sources of pesticide exposure for which there is reliable information. Therefore, no mitigation measures are needed and current tolerances at 40 CFR 180.454 for nicosulfuron are now considered reassessed under section 408(q) of the FFDCA.

New Active Ingredients ... includes chemicals not previously registered as pesticides, as well as pesticide active ingredients initially registered after November 1, 1984 and that currently have active product registrations. By law, these pesticides must meet new safety standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 and, if new safety standards are met, will be reviewed again on a 15-year cycle. Nicosulfuron (Accent) is designated by EPA as a New Pesticide Active Ingredient. Active Ingredient Number: 129008; Type of Pesticide: conventional - herbicide; Use Site: food use/corn; Year: 1990.

Safety data

PPE
dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves
wgk
1
rtecs
US4615000
ridadr
UN 3077 9 / PGIII
hs_code
29350090
risk_code
36/38-50/53
Signal word
Warning
Symbol(GHS)
GHS07,GHS09
hazard_code
Xi,N
safety_code
24/25-26-61
Storage Class
11 - Combustible Solids
Hazard statements
H315-H319-H410
Hazard Classifications
Aquatic Acute 1Aquatic Chronic 1
Precautionary statements
P273-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338
Hazardous Substances Data
111991-09-4(Hazardous Substances Data)
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion · 2 items

Two female goats weighing 43 kg (#1) and 34 kg (#2) (1.4 and 1.8 mg/kg bodyweight respectively), were dosed daily for 3 consecutive days in feed rations treated with (pyrimidine2-(14)C)nicosulfuron, sp. act., 62.2 uCi/mg, radiochemical purity, >95%, isotopic purity, 97%, and (pyridine-2-(14)C)nicosulfuron, sp. act., 62.9 uCi/mg, radiochemical purity, >95%, isotopic purity, >99%, respectively. Dosing capsules were prepared with the (14)C-labeled materials, 13C-enriched isomers (C2 position of each respective ring), and nonradioactive nicosulfuron. The capsules were analyzed prior to dosing by LSC for total (14)C-activity and by HPLC for chemical analysis. These capsules were imbedded in a larger gelatin capsule containing 6 g of goat chow. Goat #1 was housed for a 9-day acclimation period, while goat #2 was kept for 11 days. Both goats showed good health and milk production before and during dosing. The dosage represents a daily feeding level of approximately 60 ppm based on the average feed and hay consumption of 1 kg/day. Samples of milk, bile, urine, and feces were collected daily and analyzed by combustion/liquid scintillation counting. A control goat was not used in the study. Milk, bile, urine, and feces were collected at least one day prior to dosing for use as control samples. ... The administered 14C-dosage was excreted in the urine at 46% and 17%, and in the feces at 62% and 32%, respectively for the pyridinyl- and pyrimidinyl-labeled nicosulfuron. Uptake of residues was low for all tissues and organs for either label. The highest level, 0.1 ppm (0.04% of total dose) was in the liver from the goat treated with the pyridinyl label. All other tissues had total readioactive residue (TRR) of approximately 0.07 ppm or less (nicosulfuron equivalents). Radioactivity in the collected bile comprised 0.1% and 0.7% of the total dose, respectively for the pyridinyl- and pyrimidinyl labeled nicosulfuron. ...

The ... /absorption and elimination/ of /nicosulfuron/ (2-(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl) aminocarbonylaminosulfonyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide) was studied in male and female Sprague-Dawley Crl:CDBR rats. Pyridine-2-(14)C nicosulfuron was administered orally at 10 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg, at 10 mg/kg following oral administration of unlabeled nicosulfuron at 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days, and intravenously at 10 mg/kg. Pyrimidine-2-(14)C labeled nicosulfuron was also administered orally at 1000 mg/kg. Total recovery of administered radioactivity 4 days postdosing accounted for 98-109% of the dose. Most of the radioactivity was excreted unchanged within 24 hours post dosing. With oral dosing, there were no apparent differences between sexes or dose groups, although a slightly greater percentage of the administered radioactivity was detected in feces of animals receiving the high dose than in animals receiving the low dose. Following oral dosing, elimination in the feces accounted for 80 to 95% of the dose, and elimination in the urine accounted for 9 to 20%. Elimination of (14)C-CO2 was negligible (<0.01 of the administered dose). ... Following intravenous administration, approximately 76 to 80% of the dose was eliminated in the urine and 27 to 30% in the feces. Residues in tissues accounted for 0.05 to 0.5% of the dose. The major excretion product in urine and feces was unchanged parent compound. In addition, pyridinesulfonamide (N,N-dimethyl-2-sulfonamide pyridine-3-carboxamide) was detected in the urine and accounted for 1.1 to 5.7% of the dose. Pyridine acid sulfonamide (2-sulfonamidepyridine-3-carboxylic acid) was tentatively identified as a minor metabolite in the feces of orally dosed rats and urine of intravenously dosed rats. ...

Uses & manufacturing

Uses · 3 items

For nicosulfuron (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 129008) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Sulfonyl herbicide registered for early-postemergent and postemergent use on corn

Herbicide

Methods of ManufacturingNicosulfuron is produced by reaction of 2-sulfamoylchloride-3-N-dimethylaminocarboxypyridine with 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine.
Formulations/Preparations · 5 items

Water dispersible granule, suspension concentrate.

Premix Partners: Atrazine; Clopyralid; Dicamba; Diflufenzopyr; Flumetsulam; Metsulfuron-methyl; Rimsulfuron.

Oil dispersion; suspension concentrate; water dispersible granule.

Eti 114 01 H (Nufam Americas Inc.) Nicosulfuron 75%

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for Nicosulfuron (42 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Use Classification · 2 items

Environmental transformation -> Pesticides (parent, predecessor)

Herbicides

General Manufacturing Information · 2 items

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies nicosulfuron as unlikely to present an acute hazard in normal use; Main Use: herbicide.

Following first commercial use in 1990, its use has grown to 12% of surveyed corn acres, with a total of 111 thousand kg applied in 1996

Applications · 3 items

DescriptionNicosulfuron is a kind of herbicides belonging to the sulfonylurea family. It is a broad-spectrum herbicide that can controls many kinds of maize weeds including both annual weeds and perennial weed including Johnsongrass, quackgrass, foxtails, shattercane, panicums, barnyardgrass, sandbur, pigweed and morningglory. It is a systemic selective herbicide, being effective in killing plants near the maize. This selectivity is achieved through maize’s capability of metabolizing Nicosulfuron into harmless compound. Its mechanism of action is through inhibiting the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS) of the weeds, blocking the synthesis of amino acids such as valine and isoleucine, and finally inhibiting the protein synthesis and causing death of weeds.

UsesPost-emergence sulfonylurea herbicide

UsesHerbicide.

Upstream & downstream products

Upstream raw materials

Benzyl mercaptanNicotinamideMethyl 2-chloronicotinateChlorineTrifluoroacetic acid1,4-DioxaneDichloromethaneDimethyl sulfoxidetert-ButylamineButylsulfonamideThionyl chlorideFormamidePotassium sulfate

Downstream products

2-Aminosulfonyl-N,N-dimethylnicotinamide

Suppliers100 total

湖北博杰生物科技有限公司0713-2060728 15629612610 · [email protected]
上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司400-6206333 13167063860 · [email protected]
Shandong chuangyingchemical Co., Ltd.18853181302 · [email protected]
湖北金梭生物科技有限公司00123456789 · [email protected]
Baoji Guokang Healthchem co.,ltd+8615604608665 15604608665 · [email protected]
Dayang Chem (Hangzhou) Co.,Ltd.+86-0571-88938639 17705817739 · [email protected]
上海迈瑞尔生化科技有限公司4006356688 18621169109 · [email protected]
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嘉兴市艾森化工有限公司0573-85285100 18627885956 · [email protected]
Pure Chemistry Scientific Inc.001-857-928-2050 or 1-888-588-9418 · [email protected]
武汉丰泰威远科技有限公司+86-27-8746-5837 +86-18627785180 · [email protected]
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Xiamen AmoyChem Co., Ltd+86-86-5926051114 · [email protected]
艾科试剂4008-755-333 18080918076 · [email protected]
潍坊沃腾进出口有限公司0536-2456718
广州爱纯医药科技有限公司020-39119399 18927568969 · [email protected]
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TargetMol中国(陶术生物)021-021-33632979 15002134094 · [email protected]
Alfa Chemistry1-516-6625404 · [email protected]
上海昕凯医药科技有限公司21-619849051-1 18521059765 · [email protected]
上海陶术生物科技股份有限公司+1-781-999-5354; +1-00000000000 · [email protected]
潍坊原野生物科技有限公司0536-5316600 15684478666 · [email protected]
九鼎化学(上海)科技有限公司4009209199 · [email protected]
Henan Alfa Chemical Co., Ltd+8618339805032 · [email protected]
湖北威德利化学试剂有限公司18327179646 · [email protected]
厦门志信化学有限公司+86-5922680277 +86-13806087780 · [email protected]
泰安嘉岳生物化工有限公司15318151873 · [email protected]
广东翁江化学试剂有限公司0751-2886766 13927870850 · [email protected]
BOC Sciences16314854226 · [email protected]
南京择优新材料科技有限公司173-40521416 17340521416 · [email protected]
湖北猫尔沃生物医药有限公司[email protected]
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上海西格生物科技有限公司021-57810052 18930344717 · [email protected]
山东西亚化学有限公司4009903999 13395398332 · [email protected]
安泰精细化工技术有限公司18503026267 · [email protected]

Additional notes

DefinitionChEBI: A N-sulfonylurea that is 2-(carbamoylsulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl group at the amino nitrogen.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Two sulfonyl urea herbicides, sulfometuron methyl nicosulfuron, were evaluated for effects on limb development (day 0-30) and impact on metamorphosis in Xenopus. In these studies, the rate of tail resorption was monitored as a morphological biomarker of thyroid disruption. A 14-day test starting at stage 60 (ca. day 50) and continuing through stage 66 (ca. day 64) was performed. During the 14-day assay, the rate of tail resorption was monitored by video image capture and tail length digitization at stages 63-66. The NOAEC and LOAEC values for limb development following exposure either to sulfometuron methyl or nicosulfuron were 0.01 and 0.05 mg/L, respectively. Malformations induced by sulfometuron methyl included selective reduction deficiencies distal to the femur. Malformations induced by nicosulfuron were similar to those observed with sulfometuron methyl, but also included a general necrosis of the soft tissue (connective tissue) throughout the hind limb. For sulfometuron methyl, the NOAEC and LOAEC values for tail resorption inhibition were 0.001 and 0.01 mg/L, respectively. For nicosulfuron, the NOAEC and LOAEC values for tail resorption inhibition were 0.0001 and 0.001 mg/L, respectively. Addition of 100 ug/L thyroxin partially reversed the inhibitory effects of both sulfonyl urea herbicides. Results from the studies clearly document the importance of evaluating longer-term developmental processes in amphibians to assess ecological hazard.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Analytically impure (approximately 85-88%) and purified (99.5%) preparations of two sulfonylurea herbicides, sulfometuron methyl and nicosulfuron, were evaluated for short- and long-term developmental effects on organogenesis (0-4 days) and limb development (0-30 days), and impact on metamorphosis (tail resorption (50-64 days)). Overall, the analytically impure sulfonylurea herbicides were more developmentally toxic than the purified preparations. Purified preparations did not induce early embryo-larval developmental effects or effects on hind limb development, although the rate of tail resorption was slowed at relatively high concentrations. Tail resorption rates were slowed significantly and abnormal limb development was induced by the analytically impure sulfonylurea herbicides. The process of organogenesis as monitored by the traditional frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX) test was the least sensitive stage of development monitored in this study. Although some maldevelopment was induced at the limit of aqueous solubility of the analytically impure material, the severity of the malformations with the impure preparations was moderate. Based on this study, the analytically impure herbicides were more developmentally toxic than purified preparations of the same herbicides, which exerted little effect at maximum soluble concentrations. Thus, the capacity of purified nicosulfuron and sulfometuron methyl to interfere with amphibian development and maturation seems to be relatively low.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ In an... 18-month oncogenicity study ..., nicosulfuron technical (90.6% a.i.) was administered to groups of CRL:CD-1(CR)BR mice (80/sex/dose/group) in the diet at concentrations of 0, 25, 250, 2500 or 7500 ppm (3.2, 31.4, 314, 953/ 4.2, 43.0, 420, 1260 mg/kg/day for males/females, based on 90.6% purity). The dose levels were based on a 90-day subchronic study and on the expected application rates and low residue levels. There was no treatment-related effect on survival. Clinical observations were comparable among groups of both sexes. There were no compound-related effect on body weight or body weight gain, although there were statistically significant decreases (not more than 6% below control values) noted at various time points in female body weight at the three highest dose levels. Food consumption and food efficiency values were comparable to the controls. No compound-related effects on hematological parameters were reported. ... Organ weights (relative and absolute) were comparable in all groups. The incidence gross pathological findings were comparable among groups, although there were few statistically significant differences. Liver masses were significantly higher than the controls (p<0.05) in the 2500 ppm males only but were significantly lower in the high dose females. Microscopic examination confirmed them as hepatocelluar adenomas. However, this finding was considered unrelated to the test material administration since it was not seen at the higher dose nor in the females at all dose levels. ... The LOAEL for chronic systemic toxicity in the mouse is >7500 ppm (953/1260 mg/kg/day in males/females). The NOAEL is the highest dose tested of 7500 ppm (953/1260 mg/kg/day in males/females).

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Nicosulfuron (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.