1-Ethenyl-3-methylbenzene

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary. Further information: Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance, protective clothing and protective gloves. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 3-Vinyltoluene (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 720(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 3-vinyltoluene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 3-vinyltoluene from moist soil surfaces is expected(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.0X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure, 1.7 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 89 mg/L(4). 3-Vinyltoluene is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2018).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 720(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 3-vinyltoluene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.0X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 1.7 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 89 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.5 hours and 4.4 days, respectively(SRC). 3-Vinyltoluene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). According to a classification scheme(6), a BCF of 35 measured in goldfish(7), suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2018).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 3-vinyltoluene, which has a vapor pressure of 1.7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 3-vinyltoluene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone(SRC); the half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 12 and 13 hours(SRC), calculated from its estimated rate constants of 3.1X10-11 and 2.1X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec, respectively(3). 3-Vinyltoluene absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 3-Vinyltoluene is a monomer of vinyltoluene. Vinyl toluene is used in the coatings industry as a modifier for drying oils and oil-modified alkyds. It is also used as a replacement for styrene in unsaturated polyester resins where high-temperature cures and little shrinkage are desired. HUMAN STUDIES: Central nervous system effects, such as depression, poor memory, slow visuomotor performance and electrophysiological changes, have often been associated with heavy occupational exposure to vinyl toluenes. Contact allergy to styrene related compounds was studied in a human subject. A patient known from previous studies to be sensitive to styrene was patch tested with styrene and 18 compounds structurally related to styrene. Positive results were obtained with 3-methylstyrene. Vinyl toluene induces sister chromatid exchange and chromosomal aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes. ANIMAL STUDIES: Specific depletion of brain dopamine levels has been described in rabbits. In male rats exposed by inhalation to up to 300 ppm vinyl toluene (60-70% meta and 30-70% para isomer) for a maximum of 15 weeks, decreased motor conductivity velocity was observed within 12 weeks. In 2-year inhalation studies (mixed isomers: 65%-71% meta and 32%-35% para), there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity for male or female rats exposed to 100 or 300 ppm vinyl toluene and no evidence of carcinogenic activity for male or female mice exposed to 10 or 25 ppm. There was evidence of chemical-related toxicity to the nasal passage in both rats and mice. Vinyl toluene did not induce gene mutations in S. typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, or TA1537 with or without exogenous metabolic activation. Vinyl toluene was positive in the mouse lymphoma assay for induction of trifluorothymidine resistance in L5178Y/TK cells in the absence of metabolic activation. Vinyl toluene did not induce sister chromatid exchanges or chromosomal aberrations in CHO cells with or without meta

Sore throat. Cough. Dizziness. Headache. Drowsiness. Vomiting. Lethargy.

Dry skin. Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Aspiration hazard! Abdominal pain. Nausea. Vomiting.

EPA has released the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays/[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of February 4, 2019: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

Motorboats emitted 3-vinyltoluene to canal water; concentrations were not reported(1). Use of unleaded gasoline by a four-stroke outboard motor emitted 3-vinyltoluene to test water at 6.2 mg/10 min(2). 3-Vinyltoluene was detected in the leachate plume of Norman, OK landfill sampled Nov 1995 and Apr 1996(3).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 3-vinyltoluene can be estimated to be 720(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 3-vinyltoluene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC).

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Contact allergy to styrene related compounds was studied in a human subject. A patient known from previous studies to be sensitive to styrene was patch tested with styrene and 18 compounds structurally related to styrene. Positive results were obtained with 2-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, 4-methylstyrene, styrene-epoxide, and 4-hydroxystyrene. The reaction to styrene-epoxide was stronger than that obtained by patch testing with an equimolar concentration of styrene, 0.1 percent weight per volume in ethanol. Twenty one comparisons were subsequently patch tested with styrene-epoxide. All responses were negative. The authors note that the stronger reaction to styrene-epoxide, as compared to an equimolar concentration of styrene, may indicate that styrene-epoxide is the hapten and styrene is the prohapten, which has to be oxidized in the skin in order to be converted into styrene-epoxide. Styrene-epoxide can be formed from styrene by enzymatic transformation by aryl-hydrocarbon-hydroxylase in the skin. They conclude that it is important to patch test with chemically related substances in order to evaluate the total sensitivity pattern of a patient.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Central nervous system effects, such as depression, poor memory, slow visuomotor performance and electrophysiological changes, have often been associated with heavy occupational exposures to vinyl toluenes. Information is not available on human exposure to vinyl toluene alone. /Vinyl toluenes/

/GENOTOXICITY/ ... In human lymphocytes exposed in whole blood cultures, vinyl toluene induced both sister chromatid exchange and chromosomal aberrations in a dose-dependent manner, in the absence of exogenous metabolic activation. The induction of sister chromatid exchange was dependent on the number of erythrocytes present. Significant increases in the frequencies of sister chromatid exchange were observed in human lymphocytes exposed in whole blood cultures to ortho, meta and para isomer. The strongest responses were seen with the meta and para isomers, which are the dominant species in vinyl toluene.