Ethyl N-phenylcarbamate

log Kow = 2.30

2.26

White acicular crystals

White needles from water; plates from dilute alcohol

Slightly soluble in water; freely sol in alcohol, ether

Insoluble in cold water; soluble in alcohol, ether, and boiling water.

Soluble in benzene

In water, 845 mg/L at 25 °C /Estimated/

0.02 [mmHg]

0.027 mm Hg at 25 °C /Estimated/

Warning

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Carbamates produce slight to moderate skin and eye irritation, depending on the vehicle used, duration of contact, and on whether the substance is applied to the abraided or intact skin. From the available data, it cannot be excluded that some of the carbamates will have a slight to moderate sensitization potential. /Carbamate Pesticides/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 420(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.30 and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ethyl N-phenylcarbamate is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethyl N-phenylcarbamate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Ethyl N-phenylcarbamate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 0.027 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). No biodegradation data were available(SRC, 2005).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 420(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.30(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ethyl N-phenylcarbamate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 12(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important fate process since carbamates tend to hydrolyze slowly under environmental conditions. A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 2.6X10-4 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method; this corresponds to half-lives of 840 and 84 years at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(7). No biodegradation data were available(SRC, 2005).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethyl N-phenylcarbamate, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 0.027 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl N-phenylcarbamate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.7 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). The photooxidation products of ethyl N-phenylcarbamate in benzene solution were identified as ethyl o-aminobenzoate, ethyl p-aminobenzoate, aniline, water, carbon dioxide, azo compounds, and other colored material(4). Ethyl N-phenylcarbamate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths <290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The Koc of ethyl N-phenylcarbamate is estimated as 420(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.30 and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethyl N-phenylcarbamate is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

Ethyl N-phenylcarbamate's production and use as a chemical intermediate(1) may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its former use as a plant growth regulator(2) resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 12 was calculated for ethyl N-phenylcarbamate(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.30(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for ethyl N-phenylcarbamate is estimated as 2.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethyl N-phenylcarbamate is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Ethyl N-phenylcarbamate's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces will not occur(SRC). Ethyl N-phenylcarbamate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 0.027 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethyl N-phenylcarbamate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.7 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important fate process since carbamates tend to hydrolyze slowly under environmental conditions. A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 2.6X10-4 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method; this corresponds to half-lives of 840 and 84 years at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). In general, most carbamates made with aliphatic alcohols would not hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). The compound may undergo sensitized photolysis. Using a high-pressure quartz mercury vapor lamp with Pyrex glass filter, the photooxidation products of ethyl N-phenylcarbamate in benzene solution were identified as ethyl o-aminobenzoate, ethyl p-aminobenzoate, aniline, water, carbon dioxide, azo compounds, and other colored material(4). The photodegradation rate is dependent on the solvent, with a rate 7 to 10 times slower in a polar solvent (ethanol) than in a nonpolar solvent (cyclohexane)(4). Using the cyclohexane solvent, ethyl N-phenylcarbamate was mostly degraded after 3 hrs(4). Ethyl N-phenylcarbamate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths <290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Occupational exposure to ethyl N-phenylcarbamate occured through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl N-phenylcarbamate was produced or used. General population exposure should be low or non-existent since ethyl N-phenylcarbamate is no longer used in the US (May, 2005). (SRC)

Ethyl N-phenylcarbamate's production and use as a chemical intermediate may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its former use as a plant growth regulator resulted in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 0.027 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates ethyl N-phenylcarbamate will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl N-phenylcarbamate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.7 hours. Ethyl N-phenylcarbamate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths <290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, ethyl N-phenylcarbamate is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 420. No biodegradation data were available. Volatilization from moist soil and water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole. Ethyl N-phenylcarbamate will not volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its estimated vapor pressure. If released into water, ethyl N-phenylcarbamate is expected to adsorb moderately to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. An estimated BCF of 12 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important fate process since carbamates tend to hydrolyze slowly under environmental conditions. A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 2.6X10-4 L/mole-sec was estimated using a structure estimation method; this corresponds to half-lives of 840 and 84 years at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively. Occupational exposure to ethyl N-phenylcarbamate occured through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl N-phenylcarbamate was produced or used. General population exposure should be low or non-existent since ethyl N-phenylcarbamate is no longer used in the US (May, 2005). (SRC)

Skin contamination should be treated promptly by washing with soap and water. Contamination of the eyes should be treated immediately by prolonged flushing of the eyes with large amounts of clean water. If dermal or ocular irritation persists, medical attention should be obtained without delay. /Other Herbicides/

If serious dehydration and electrolyte depletion have occurred as a result of vomiting and diarrhea, monitor blood electrolytes and and fluid balance and administer intravenous infusions of glucose, normal saline ringer's solution, or ringer's lactate to restore extracellular fluid volume and electrolytes. Follow this with oral nutrients as soon as fluids can be retained. Fluids serve to support excretion of the toxicants. Supportive measures are ordinarily sufficient for successful management of excessive exposures to these herbicides. /Other Herbicides/

LD50 Mouse ip 350 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse iv 400 mg/kg

The carbamates alone weakly activated estrogen- or progesterone-responsive reporter genes in breast and endometrial cancer cells. All of the carbamates decreased estradiol- or progesterone-induced reporter gene activity in the breast and endometrial cancer cells. In whole cell competition binding assays, the carbamates demonstrated a limited capacity to displace radiolabeled estrogen or progesterone from /estrogen receptor/ or /progesterone receptor/. /Carbamates/

This paper explores the properties and likely functions of an epidermal Ca(2+)-selective cation channel complex activated by tension. As many as eight or nine linked or linkable equivalent conductance units or co-channels can open together. Open time for co-channel quadruplets and quintuplets tends to be relatively long with millimolar Mg2+ (but not millimolar Ca2+) at the cytosolic face of excised plasma membrane. Sensitivity to tension is regulated by transmembrane voltage and temperature.... Certain lanthanides and a cytoskeleton-disturbing herbicide that inhibit gravitropic reception act on the channel system at low concentrations. Specifically, ethyl-N-phenylcarbamate promotes tension-dependent activity at micromolar levels.

Effects of ethyl N-phenylcarbamate (EPC) on the mating reaction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied. EPC inhibited zygote formation at a concentration which promoted induction of sexual agglutinability. EPC enhanced agglutinability induction by alpha pheromone, but inhibited alpha-pheromone-induced formation of large pearshaped cells in a mating type. The enhancement of agglutinability induction was accompanied with increased production of a agglutination substance and inhibition of alpha pheromone inactivation. EPC arrested the cell cycle of a cells.

The activities of 4 glycolytic enzymes were measured in the lung homogenate of CFLP mice treated with a variety of carcinogens and noncarcinogens for mouse lung. The carcinogens enhanced the activity of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 28 days after a single i.p. administration. These carcinogens also altered the ratio of LDH H and M subunits. Under the same conditions the noncarcinogenic phenylurethane, ... did not influence either the activities of the enzymes tested or the isozyme pattern of LDH.

Chem analysis of crop plants treated either directly with carbamates or indirectly with preemergent herbicidal carbamates indicate that both the methyl- /and/ phenylcarbamates are rapidly metabolized. Only small amt of the parent compound can be detected one wk after treatment. /ethyl /and/ phenyl carbamates/

Used as plant growth regulator (formerly in the US), chemical intermediate, and research chemical (experimental neoplastic agent and citrus fungicide); [HSDB]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

RESEARCH CHEM (EXPTL NEOPLASTIC AGENT, CITRUS FUNGICIDE)

PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR (FORMER USE)

Chemical intermediate

Plant regulator /Former use in USA/

(1979) No data

(1981) No data

(1979) No data

(1981) No data

(1979) NO EVIDENCE OF COMMERCIAL PRODN IN U.S.

(1981) NO EVIDENCE OF COMMERCIAL PRODN IN U.S.

Made by the action of aniline on ethyl chloroformate.

Action of ethanol on phenylisocyanate

Carbamic acid, N-phenyl-, ethyl ester: INACTIVE

...ETHYL N-PHENYLCARBAMATE PROVIDES ETHYL AMINOBENZOATES /UNDER ENERGETIC IRRADIATION/.