3-Hydroxybutanal

Other Classes -> Aldehydes

Flammable agents - 2nd degree

1.103 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Specific heat: 0.737; bulk density: 9.17 lb/gal at 20 degC

Clear, white-to-yellow syrupy liquid

Colorless, thick liquid

Miscible with water /1.00X10+6 mg/L/

Miscible with water

Miscible with ethanol; soluble in diethyl ether; very soluble in acetone

Miscible with alcohol, ether, organic solvents

150 °F (NFPA, 2010)

150 °F (66 °C) (open cup)

Decomposes at about 83 °C

Boiling point = 83 °C at 20 mm

21.0 [mmHg]

21 mm Hg at 20 °C

Aldol appears as a clear white to yellow syrupy liquid. Denser than water. Contact may irritate skin and eyes. Moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption.

Colorless to yellow liquid; [HSDB] Clear viscous liquid; [MSDSonline]

Danger

H310 (66.7%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P316, P321, P337+P317, P361+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 60 reports by companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Danger

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

Chemical: Butanal, 3-hydroxy-

Butanal, 3-hydroxy-: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

· Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.

An aldehyde and alcohol. Aldehydes are frequently involved in self-condensation or polymerization reactions. These reactions are exothermic; they are often catalyzed by acid. Aldehydes are readily oxidized to give carboxylic acids. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of aldehydes with azo, diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. Aldehydes can react with air to give first peroxo acids, and ultimately carboxylic acids. These autoxidation reactions are activated by light, catalyzed by salts of transition metals, and are autocatalytic (catalyzed by the products of the reaction). The addition of stabilizers (antioxidants) to shipments of aldehydes retards autoxidation. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Acetaldol is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

Aldol

UN2839

Div 6.1 Poisonous materials (49 eCFR § 173.132)

PG II: the degree of danger presented by the material is medium

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

General First Aid:

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.

Appropriate engineering controls: Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166 (EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that acetaldol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of acetaldol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Acetaldol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 21 mm Hg at 20 °C(3). Acetaldol reached 49.7% of its theoretical BOD in 10 days(4), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that acetaldol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). According to a classification scheme(3), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -0.72(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Acetaldol reached 49.7% of its theoretical BOD in 10 days(5), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), acetaldol, which has a vapor pressure of 21 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetaldol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Acetaldol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Acetaldol is a colorless, thick liquid. It is used in manufacture of rubber vulcanizers. Other uses include perfumery, engraving, ore flotation, solvent, solvent mixtures for cellulose acetate, fungicides, organic synthesis, printer's rollers, cadmium plating, dyes, drugs, dyeing assistant, and synthetic polymers. HUMAN STUDIES: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: Rats exposed to acetaldol saturated air survived 1/2 hour.

The Koc of acetaldol is estimated as 1(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.71(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that acetaldol is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

Acetaldol's production and use in the manufacture of rubber vulcanizers(1,2), perfumery, engraving, ore flotation, solvent, solvent mixtures for cellulose acetate, fungicides, organic synthesis, printer's rollers, cadmium plating, dyes, drugs, dyeing assistant and synthetic polymers(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Acetaldol has been identified as a constituent of tobacco smoke(3).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for acetaldol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -0.71(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for acetaldol is estimated as 4.4X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that acetaldol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Acetaldol's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not likely to occur(SRC). Acetaldol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 21 mm Hg at 20 °C(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of acetaldol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Acetaldol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Acetaldol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 1 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of acetaldol in the United States may be as low as 50 workers and as high as 99 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 37,212 workers (11,951 of these are female) were potentially exposed to acetaldol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to acetaldol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where acetaldol is produced or used. Limited monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to acetaldol via smoking cigarettes. (SRC)

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Acetaldol is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

Used in the manufacture of rubber vulcanizers, accelerators, and age resisters; in perfumes; in ore flotation; in engraving; as a solvent; in solvent mixture for cellulose acetate; in fungicides; for organic synthesis; in cadmium plating; in dyes and drugs; as a dyeing assistant; in synthetic polymers and printer's rollers; [HSDB]

Electroplating [Category: Plate]

Manufacture of rubber vulcanizers.

Synthesis of rubber accelerators and age resisters, perfumery, engraving, ore flotation, solvent, solvent mixtures for cellulose acetate, fungicides, organic synthesis, printer's rollers, cadmium plating, dyes, drugs, dyeing assistant, synthetic polymers.

Acetaldol is used primarily for the preparation of crotonaldehyde. ... also for the manufacture of substituted quinaldines which, in turn, are valuable starting materials for dyes and pigments.

In the presence of dilute sodium or potassium hydroxide solutions, acetaldehyde is converted to the aldol over a period of several hours in a water-cooled flow tube at 20-25 °C. In order to avoid side and secondary reactions, which would result in appreciable resin formation, the reaction is stopped by adding phosphoric or acetic acid when acetaldehyde conversion has reached 60%. After the unconverted acetaldehyde is separated, a bottom product is obtained that, apart from small amounts of byproducts such as crotonaldehyde, consists of 72-73 wt% acetaldol and ca. 18 wt% water.

Manufactured by condensation of acetaldehyde in aqueous NaOH.

Alheritiere, Gobron, United States of America patent 2713598 (1955 to Usines de Melle).