HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemistry Print Report · For research reference only
2,6-Lutidine
2,6-DIMETHYLPYRIDINE · 2,6-Lutidene · utidine · 2,6-Lutdeine · 2,6-Dimethypyridine · FEMA 3540 · 2,6-Lutidine 2,6-Dimethylpyridine · 26L
Identifiers & Physical Properties
| CAS No. | 108-48-5 |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C7H9N |
| Average molar mass | 107.15 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic mass | 107.07349929 g/mol |
| SMILES | Cc1cccc(C)n1 |
| InChIKey | OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 7937 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL22976 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:32548 |
| EC No. | 203-587-3 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID7051557 |
Chemical & Physical Properties
| XLogP | 1.7 |
|---|---|
| Topological polar surface area | 12.9 |
| Hydrogen bond donors | 0 |
| Hydrogen bond acceptors | 1 |
| Rotatable bonds | 0 |
| Heavy atoms | 8 |
| Formal charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 62.8 |
| Chemical classes | Nitrogen Compounds -> Pyridines |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | 15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum |
| Fragrances | Fragrance Ingredient (2,6-Dimethylpyridine) -> IFRA transparency List |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | log Kow = 1.681.63 |
| Odor | Odor of pyridine plus peppermintat 1.00 % in dipropylene glycol. nutty amine woody bready cocoa oily |
| Food additives | FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT -> FDA Substance added to food |
| Density | 0.9252 @ 20 °C/4 °CDENSITY: 0.942 @ 0 °C/4 °C0.917-0.9230.9252 @ 20°C0.92 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Flavoring agents | EU Flavoring substances |
| Color/Form | Oily liq |
| Solubility | Slightly soluble in ethanolsoluble in ethyl ether and acetoneSol in water (% wt/wt): 27.2% @ 45.3 °C18.1% @ 48.1 °C12.1% @ 57.5 °C9.5% @ 74.5 °Cmiscible with dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuranIn water, 3.00X10+5 mg/l @ 34 °C300 mg/mL at 34 °CSoluble in waterSlightly soluble in fatSoluble (in ethanol)Chloroform (Soluble), Methanol (Slightly)40 g/100 mL (20 ºC) |
| Flash point | 33 °C92 °F |
| Boiling point | 144 °C @ 760 mm Hg143.00 to 145.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg143-145 °C144 °C @760 [mm Hg]143-145 °C (lit.) |
| Melting point | -6 °C (lit.) |
| Vapor pressure | 5.5 hPa (20 °C) |
| FEMA | 3540 | 2,6-DIMETHYLPYRIDINE |
| Refractive index | n20/D 1.497(lit.) |
| FLAVIS Number | 14.065 | 2,6-Dimethylpyridine |
| Storage conditions | −20°C |
| Physical state | Liquid |
| pKa (acidity coefficient) | 6.65(at 25℃) |
| Color | Clear |
| Odor type | nutty |
| Biological source | synthetic |
| Specific heat capacity | Cp(liquid): 1.73 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Sensitivity | Hygroscopic |
| JECFA Number | 1317 |
| Merck | 14,5616 |
| BRN | 105690 |
| Henry's law constant | 9.2×10-1 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Brockbank (2013) |
| Dielectric constant | 7.3300000000000001 |
| Stability | Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, acid chlorides, acids, chloroformates. Protect from moisture. |
| Major applications | flavors and fragrances |
| InChI | 1S/C7H9N/c1-6-4-3-5-7(2)8-6/h3-5H,1-2H3 |
| InChIKey | OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | Cc1cccc(C)n1 |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | 0.12 at 25℃ |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 108-48-5(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS) | 2,6-DIMETHYLPYRIDINE |
| EWG's Food Scores | 1 |
| FDA UNII | 15FQ5D0T3P |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Pyridine, 2,6-dimethyl-(108-48-5) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | 2,6-Dimethylpyridine (108-48-5) |
| UNSPSC Code | 85151701 |
| NACRES | NA.24 |
| GHS pictogram | GHS02,GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| GHS hazard statements | H302-H313-H315-H319-H226 |
| GHS precautionary statements | P501-P270-P240-P210-P233-P243-P241-P242-P264-P280-P370+P378-P312-P337+P313-P305+P351+P338-P362+P364-P303+P361+P353-P332+P313-P301+P312+P330-P403+P235 |
| Personal protective equipment (PPE) | Eyeshields, Faceshields, Gloves, type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter |
| Hazard symbols | Xn,F,Xi |
| Risk statements (R) | 10-22-36/37/38-20/21/22 |
| Safety statements (S) | 26-36/37-16-36-36/37/39 |
| UN transport number | UN 1993 3/PG 3 |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 3 |
| RTECS number | OK9700000 |
| F | 8 |
| Hazard Note | Irritant/Flammable |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| Hazard class | 3Acute Tox. 4 OralEye Irrit. 2Flam. Liq. 3Skin Irrit. 2 |
| Packing group | III |
| Customs code | 29333999 |
| Storage class | 3 - Flammable liquids |
| Hazardous substances data | 108-48-5(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 400 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit > 1000 mg/kg |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| Limited quantities | 5.0 L (1.3 gallons) (liquid) |
| Excepted quantities | Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (1Kg or 1L) |
Safety & Regulations
| GHS classification | WarningH226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 338 reports by companies from 16 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids] |
|---|---|
| Regulatory information | Chemical: Pyridine, 2,6-dimethyl-Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 (Repealed by Com. Implementing Reg. (EU) No 872/2012)Pyridine, 2,6-dimethyl- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Pyridine, 2,6-dimethyl- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 28-10-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/33333Pyridine, 2,6-dimethyl-: HSNO Approval: HSR001389 Approved with controls |
| DOT label | Corrosive Flammable Liquid |
| Fire hazards | Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]: |
| Health hazards | Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]: |
| Hazards summary | Emergency treatment: PyridinePyridine is an irritant that causes CNS depression after ingestion of 1/2 cup or inhalation of 6-12 ppmIt can cause liver and kidney injury[HSDB] Safe when used as a flavoring agent in food[JECFA] An irritant[MSDSonline] See Pyridine. |
| Reactive group | Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines |
| Special Reports | REVIEW OF 2,6-DIMETHYLPYRIDINEHAZARDS, USES & RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STORAGE & HANDLING & MEDICAL TREATMENT IN CASE OF ACCIDENTS.[MOREL C ET ALCAH NOTES DOC 99: 319 (1980)] |
| Reactivity Alerts | Highly Flammable |
| Reactivity Profile | LUTIDINE neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. |
| Air and Water Reactions | Highly flammable. Soluble in water. |
| Hazard Classes and Categories | Flam. Liq. 3 (100%)Flammable liquids - Category 3 |
| CSL Reaction Information | CSL00111WATER + Mercury(II) perchlorate hydrate + 2,6 lutidine + TETRAHYDROFURANExplosion tetrahydrofuran, water, 2,6 lutidine, and mercury perchlorate hydrateM (up to 100g)dithiane hydrolysisThe reaction chemicals were scaled up, but the amount of solvent was not scaled up to an equivalent proportion. The amount of material used in the reaction was approximately 20 times more concentrated than the quantity specified in the literature. Electronic software was used to calculate the quantities of all reactants but not the quantity of solvent. Additionally, the lesser amount of solvent used in this reaction made it difficult for the magnetic stirrer bar to effectively mix |
| Fire fighting | Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]: |
| First aid | Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]: |
| Nonfire spill response | Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]: |
| Disposal methods | SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. |
| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]: |
| Protective Action Criteria (PAC) | 3.1 [ppm]34 [ppm]200 [ppm] |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]: |
| Environmental fate | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 200(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 1.68(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,6-lutidine is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 2,6-lutidine is 6.6(4), which indicates that 2,6-lutidine will partially exist in the protonated form in moist soils and cations adsorb to soil surfaces more strongly than neutral compounds(SRC). Volatilization of the neutral species of 2,6-lutidine from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.04X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(5), but the protonated form will not volatilize. The potential for volatilization of 2,6-lutidine from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 5.65 mm Hg(6). 2,6-Lutidine biodegrades in soils under aerobic conditions(7). The half-life of 2,6-lutidine was approximately 1 month in an unpolluted surface soil under aerobic conditions with 100% degradation observed after 3 months(7) in a second, 2,6-lutadine was completely degraded in 32 days(8). Little degradation was observed under denitrifying and sulfate-reducing conditions(7).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 200(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 1.68 (2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,6-lutidine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.04X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 and 31 days, respectively(SRC). The pKa of 2,6-lutidine is 6.6(5), which indicates that 2,6-lutidine will partially exist in the protonated form in water and cations will not volatilize(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 4(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 2,6-Lutidine was shown to biodegrade under aerobic conditions in soil (especially polluted soil), but the rate of degradation was slower under anaerobic conditions(8)similar biodegradation in water is expected. 2,6-Lutidine was degraded approximately 30% over the course of a 35 day incubation period in column experiments using contaminated groundwater from a coal tar producing chemical facility as inoculum(9).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,6-lutidine, which has a vapor pressure of 5.65 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,6-lutidine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). |
| Food survey values | 2,6-Lutidine was identified, not quantified, in boiled beef(1) and roasted filberts(2). |
| Adverse effects | Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin |
| Effluent Concentrations | 2,6-Lutidine was detected in oil shale retort water in Australia at a concn of 3 mg/l(1). Effluent from a municipal treatment plant in Hamilton, Ontario released 2,6-lutidine at a rate of 0.42 kg/day(2). Unspecified isomers of lutidine were detected in feedwater and permeate water from an abandoned creosote manufacturing plant in Pensacola, FL at concns of 2.48 and 0.032 mg/l, respectively(3). |
| Soil Adsorption/Mobility | The Koc of 2,6-lutidine is estimated as 200(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 1.68(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,6-lutidine is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. The pKa of 2,6-lutidine is 6.6(4), which indicates that 2,6-lutidine will partially exist in the protonated form in moist soils and cations adsorb to soil surfaces more strongly than neutral compounds(SRC). |
| Artificial Pollution Sources | 2,6-Lutidine's production and use as a chemical intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, resins, dyestuffs, rubber accelerators and insecticides(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). |
| Environmental Biodegradation | An initial concn of 214 ppm 2,6-lutidine incubated in a Fincastle silt loam, was degraded 19, 22.2, 29.5, 42.4, 57.9 and 100% after 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 days, respectively(1). Mixed cultures isolated from a polluted soil were shown to degrade 2,6-lutidine(2). The half-life of 2,6-lutidine was approximately 1 month in an unpolluted surface soil under aerobic conditions with 100% degradation observed after 3 months, while little degradation was observed under denitrifying and sulfate reducing conditions(3). The half-life was about 0.5 months in polluted surface and subsurface soils with 100% degradation observed after 1 month(3). 2,6-Lutidine was degraded approximately 30% during a 35 day incubation period in column experiments using contaminated groundwater from a coal tar producing chemical facility as inoculum(4). The half-life of 2,6-lutidine in polluted subsurface sediments was 6 days(4). |
| Sediment/Soil Concentrations | 2,6-Lutidine was identified, not quantified, in soil from Moscow, Russia(1). |
| Environmental Bioconcentration | An estimated BCF of 4 was calculated for 2,6-lutidine(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.68(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). |
| Volatilization from Water/Soil | The Henry's Law constant for 2,6-lutidine is 1.04X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2,6-lutidine is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2 days (SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 31 days(SRC). 2,6-Lutidine's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The pKa of 2,6-lutidine is 6.6(3), which indicates that 2,6-lutidine will partially exist in the protonated form in water and moist soils and cations will not volatilize(SRC). 2,6-Lutidine may volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based on its vapor pressure of 5.65 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). |
| Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts | ...LUTIDINES...CAUSE SYMPTOMS RESEMBLING THOSE OBSERVED WITH PYRIDINE. THESE ARE LARGELY NONSPECIFIC & INCLUDE WEAKNESS, ATAXIA, DIARRHEA, & UNCONSCIOUSNESS. ... MAJORITY OF DERIV...ARE PRIMARY IRRITANTS & PENETRATE INTACT GUINEA PIG SKIN READILY. ... CAUSE...INTENSE SKIN & EYE IRRITATION. /PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES/INHALATION OF 7500 PPM CONCN VAPOR OF 2,6-LUTIDINE BY RATS CAUSED 100% MORTALITY IN 1.2 HR.IN DOGS WITH A UREA LOAD, IV ADMIN OF 2,6-LUTIDINE MARKEDLY INCR URINE VOL & UREA CLEARANCE. |
| Environmental Abiotic Degradation | The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,6-lutidine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 6 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The pKa of 2,6-lutidine is 6.6(2), which indicates that 2,6-lutidine will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment(SRC). Analogous 3,5-lutidine has a weak absorption band that extends into the environmental UV spectrum(3), which suggests that direct photolysis is not likely to occur for alkylated pyridines(SRC). |
| F | 8 |
| Personal protective equipment (PPE) | Eyeshields, Faceshields, Gloves, type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 3 |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| RTECS number | OK9700000 |
| UN transport number | UN 1993 3/PG 3 |
| Customs code | 29333999 |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 400 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit > 1000 mg/kg |
| Risk statements (R) | 10-22-36/37/38-20/21/22 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| GHS pictogram | GHS02,GHS07 |
| Hazard symbols | Xn,F,Xi |
| hazard_note | Irritant/Flammable |
| Safety statements (S) | 26-36/37-16-36-36/37/39 |
| Hazard class | 3Acute Tox. 4 OralEye Irrit. 2Flam. Liq. 3Skin Irrit. 2 |
| Storage class | 3 - Flammable liquids |
| Packing group | III |
| GHS hazard statements | H302-H313-H315-H319-H226 |
| Limited quantities | 5.0 L (1.3 gallons) (liquid) |
| Excepted quantities | Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (1Kg or 1L) |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| GHS precautionary statements | P501-P270-P240-P210-P233-P243-P241-P242-P264-P280-P370+P378-P312-P337+P313-P305+P351+P338-P362+P364-P303+P361+P353-P332+P313-P301+P312+P330-P403+P235 |
| Hazardous substances data | 108-48-5(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Applications & Uses
Occurrence
Reported found in bread, tea, peppermint oil, cheeses, chicken, beef, pork, beer, sherry, whiskies, cocoa, coffee, tea, oatmeal, rice bran, buckwheat and malt.
Uses
2,6-Lutidine is used as a solvent in organic synthesis and as a sterically hindered mild base. It is also used as a vulcanization accelerator for dyes, resins and rubber. It also acts as a food additive.
Uses
Isolated from the basic fraction of coal tar. A semi-volatile compound in tobacco.
General Description
A colorless liquid with a peppermint odor. Flash point 92°F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used to make other chemicals.
Preparation & Synthesis
Preparation
2,6-Lutidine is obtained through the separation of β-methylpyridine which is a recycled product of coal coking byproduct.