1,3-Dibromopropane

log Kow = 2.37

2.37

1.9712 g/cu cm at 15 °C

1.977 @25 °C

1.68 g/L in water at 30 °C. Soluble in alcohol and ether

In water, 1,700 mg/L at 25 °C

167 °C

166.5 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-36 °C

-34.5 °C

1.36 [mmHg]

1.36 mm Hg at 25 °C

1.36 [mm Hg] @25 °C

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 23.7% (52 of 219) of reports.

Warning

H226 (75.3%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 219 reports by companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

Chemical: Propane, 1,3-dibromo-

Status: Active Update: 09-04-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/19530

1,3-Dibromopropane: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Feeding study with young and newborn rats showed liver toxicity (hypertrophy of hepatocytes and change in biochemical parameters) and reduction of body weights; Emergency medical treatment: 1-Bromopropane. [HSDB] A mutagen; Effects in high-dose animal studies include convulsions; [RTECS]

Flam. Liq. 3 (75.3%)

Flammable liquids - Category 3

Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) - Category 2

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Use alcohol foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Bromopropanes/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Use alcohol foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Bromopropanes/

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Bromopropanes/

1.6 [mg/m3]

17 [mg/m3]

100 [mg/m3]

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. (L625, L626, L627)

LC50 Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) 5.3 mg/L/24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50 Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) 1.79 mg/L/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 460(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 2.37(2) and a regression derived equation(3), indicates that 1,3-dibromopropane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,3-dibromopropane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 8.88X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). The potential for volatilization of 1,3-dibromopropane from dry soil surfaces exists(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure of 1.36 mm Hg(4). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2005).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 460(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 2.37(2) and a regression derived equation(3), indicates that 1,3-dibromopropane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 8.88X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 hours and 6 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 13(SRC), from log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). The hydrolysis half-life of 1,3-dibromopropane is about 48 days at pH 7 and 25 °C(7). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2005).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,3-dibromopropane, which has a vapor pressure of 1.36 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,3-dibromopropane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 19 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 8.4X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3).

Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (L626, L627, A543)

Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, eye irritation with mucous secretions from the oropharyngeal and upper airways, coughing, dyspnoea, choking, wheezing, epistaxis, and headache. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant producing ataxia, slurred speech, tremor, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, visual disturbances, unsteadiness, headaches, impaired memory and concentration, disorientation and hallucinations. This is called bromism. (L626, L627)

The Koc of 1,3-dibromopropane is estimated as 460(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 2.37(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,3-dibromopropane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Adsorption isotherms for 1,3-dibromopropane were calculated using a highly organic Florida Pahokee soil(4). The adsorption isotherms were non linear with an average soil adsorption coefficient (Kd) of 22.5 L/kg(4). The Freundlich adsorption coefficient (Kf) was 54 L/kg with fitting parameter N equal to 0.874(4).

An estimated BCF of 13 was calculated for 1,3-dibromopropane (SRC), using a measured log Kow of 2.37(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The metabolism of 1,3-dibromopropane had been investigated in the rat. Two conjugated metabolites have been isolated from the urine and identified as S-(3-hydroxypropyl)cysteine and N-acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)cysteine. An oxidation product, identified as beta-bromolactic acid, has been isolated as a urinary metabolite. 1,3-dibromopropane is not excreted unchanged in expired air or in the urine. Approx. 15% of the dose (100 mg/kg) is excreted as metabolic products over 50 h and 3.5% as CO2 within 6 h, indicating that oxidation is the main route of detoxication.

Bromine is mainly absorbed via inhalation, but may also enter the body through dermal contact. Bromine salts can be ingested. Due to its reactivity, bromine quickly forms bromide and may be deposited in the tissues, displacing other halogens. (L626)

Used as an intermediate to make dyestuff, drugs, and cyclopropane; Also used as a herbicide; [HSDB]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

Intermediate for dyestuff and pharmaceutical industries, cyclopropane manufacture.

Used as a herbicide /SRP65: Former use/

Prepared by the action of hydrobromic acid on trimethylene glycil in the presence of sulfuric acid

From trimethylene glycol and PBr3