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Ethyl formate

HCID 8025
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Basic information

CAS
109-94-4
Standard SMILES
CCOC=O
InChIKey
WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular formula
C3H6O2
Average molar mass
74.08 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass
74.03677943

Overview

Ethyl formate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Flash point -4 °F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air.

Names & identifiers

Preferred name
Ethyl formate
IUPAC
ethyl formate
English name
Ethyl formate
Molecular formula
C3H6O2
Molecular weight
74.08

Names & synonyms

ETHYL FORMATE109-94-4AreginalFormic acid, ethyl esterEthyl methanoateEthyl formic esterAethylformiatFormic etherEthylformiaatMrowczan etyluCarboxylic acid oxaethaneEthyle (formiate d')
Show more names
FORMIC ACID ETHYL ESTEREthyl forMatEthylformiatethyl formiateHCOOC2H5FEMA 2434
Etile (formiato di)FEMA No. 2434Ethyl ester of formic acidEthylester kyseliny mravenciDTXSID60401170K3E2L5553NSC-406578CHEBI:52342

Database identifiers

CAS
109-94-4
PubChem CID
8025
DTXSID
DTXSID6040117
ChEMBL
CHEMBL44215、CHEMBL55595
ChEBI
CHEBI:52342
UNII
0K3E2L5553
EC Number
203-721-0
Nikkaji
J1.971B

Properties

Computed structural properties

XLogP
0.5
Topological polar surface area
26.3 Ų
Hydrogen bond donors
0
Hydrogen bond acceptors
2
Rotatable bonds
2
Heavy atoms
5
Formal charge
0
Complexity
26.1

Experimental & physicochemical properties

Chemical ClassesFlammable agents - 3rd degree
SolventsSolvents -> Esters (<C12)
SpringerMaterials PropertiesCoriolis coupling
FragrancesFragrance Ingredient (Ethyl formate) -> IFRA transparency List
Pesticides · 2 items

Insecticides

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved

LogP · 4 items

0.23

0.23

0.23

0.27

OdorFruity odor.
TasteSLIGHTLY BITTER TASTE
Food AdditivesFLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT -> FDA Substance added to food
Density · 6 items

0.922 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.9168 @ 20 °C

Safety & regulation

Safety information is for reference only and does not replace the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS), applicable regulations, or professional assessment.

GHS classification

GHS Classification · 6 items

Danger

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P330, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.6% (11 of 1923) of reports.

Danger

H225 (99.4%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

Hazard information

Regulatory Information · 4 items

Chemical: Formic acid, ethyl ester

Status: Active Update: 30-11-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/17274

Formic acid, ethyl ester: HSNO Approval: HSR001148 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Other Safety InformationIMAP assessments - Formic acid, ethyl ester: Human health tier I assessment
DOT LabelFlammable Liquid
Fire Hazards · 3 items

Behavior in Fire: Vapor is heavier than air and may travel long distance to a source of ignition and flash back. (USCG, 1999)

· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.

Highly flammable. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive. Heating will cause rise in pressure with risk of bursting. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with strong oxidants.

Fire Potential · 2 items

Burning Rate: 3.6 mm/min.

Chemistry & industry

Pharmacology

Mechanism of ActionIt has been assumed, but not proved, that hydrolysis and release of formic acid on the moist surfaces are responsible for the irritant action of ethyl formate.
Metabolism/Metabolites · 2 items

A MUCH STRONGER IRRITANT THAN ETHYL ACETATE, PROBABLY BECAUSE OF HYDROLYSIS TO FORMIC ACID.

Ethyl formate is metabolized by esterases in Streptomyces nitrificans.

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion · 2 items

BECAUSE OF RELATIVELY GOOD SOLUBILITY IN PLASMA, ETHYL FORMATE PASSES READILY THROUGH THE PULMONARY ALVEOLI AND, DUE TO HIGH WATER SOLUBILITY, HAS A HIGH BLOOD-AIR DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENT.

ETHYL FORMATE IS ABSORBED BY THE LUNGS AND THE GI TRACT; SLIGHT PENETRATION OF THE SKIN IS SAID TO OCCUR...

Cellular LocationsCytoplasm

Uses & manufacturing

Uses · 6 items

Used as flavoring agent, solvent for nitrocellulose, and reagent in organic synthesis; Also used as a fungicide/larvicide for tobacco, cereals, and dried fruit; [ACGIH]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

IN LACQUER INDUSTRY, IN ARTIFICIAL SILK MFR AS SOLVENT FOR CELLULOSE ACETATE; IN MFR OF SAFETY GLASS; IN SHOE INDUSTRY AS SOLVENT FOR CELLULOID

SOLVENT FOR OILS AND GREASES

FLAVOR FOR LEMONADE & ESSENCES; MFR OF ARTIFICIAL RUM & ARRAC; SOLVENT FOR NITROCELLULOSE; FUNGICIDE AND LARVICIDE; IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS

ACETONE SUBSTITUTE; IN SYNTHETIC RESINS

U.S. Production · 2 items

(1978) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 4.54X10+5 G

(1982) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 9.08X10+5 G

Methods of Manufacturing · 3 items

ESTERIFICATION OF FORMIC ACID WITH ETHYL ALCOHOL IN THE PRESENCE OF SULFURIC ACID

Related reactions

1,399 records
New reaction record
HRID 4347 reaction equation
HRID 4347As reactantuspto-grants-1988_02
HRID 4935 reaction equation
HRID 4935As reactantuspto-grants-1993_09
HRID 8753 reaction equation
HRID 8753As reactantuspto-grants-2006_08
HRID 12569 reaction equation
HRID 12569As reactantuspto-grants-2010_06
HRID 12854 reaction equation
HRID 12854As reactantuspto-grants-2010_06
HRID 15507 reaction equation
HRID 15507As reactantuspto-grants-2010_06
HRID 16155 reaction equation
HRID 16155As reactantuspto-grants-2010_06
HRID 16171 reaction equation
HRID 16171As reactantuspto-grants-2010_06
Page 1 of 175

Compound notes

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CONVERSION FACTORS: 1 MG/L EQUIV TO 330 PPM; 1 PPM EQUIV TO 3.03 MG/CU M; DENSITY OF SATURATED AIR: 1.25 (AIR= 1)

Relative density (water = 1): 0.92

0.917-0.922

0.92

Flavoring AgentsEU Flavoring substances
Color/Form · 3 items

MOBILE LIQUID

WATER-WHITE LIQ

Colorless liquid.

Physicochemical properties

Melting point
-80 °C · -80 °C (lit.)
Boiling point
52 · 52-54 °C (lit.)
Density
0.921 g/mL · 0.921 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
vapor density
2.5 · 2.5 (vs air)
vapor pressure
15.16 psi · 15.16 psi ( 55 °C)
refractive index
20 · n20/D 1.359(lit.)
FEMA
2434 · 2434 | ETHYL FORMATE
FLAVIS Number
9.072 · 09.072 | Ethyl formate
Flash point
7 °F · 7 °F
storage temp.
2 · 2-8°C
solubility
Miscible with alcohol, benzene, and ether (Hawley, 1981)
form
Liquid
color
Clear
Odor
Characteristic; pleasant aromatic.
biological source
synthetic
Odor Type
ethereal
Odor Threshold
2.7 ppm · 2.7ppm
explosive limit
16 % · 16%
Water Solubility
11 g/100 · 11 g/100 mL (18 ºC)
Thermal Conductivity
0.16 W/ · 0.16 W/(m·K) at 25 ℃
Specific Heat Capacity
2.02 J/ · Cp(liquid): 2.02 J/(g·K), at 25℃
Sensitive
Moisture Sensitive
JECFA Number
26 · 26
Merck
14 · 14,3807
BRN
906769 · 906769
Henry's Law Constant
0.097 · 0.097(x 10-3 atmm3/mol) at 5.00 °C, 0.13 at 10.00 °C, 0.17 at 15.00 °C, 0.23 at 20.00 °C, 0.29 at 25.00 °C (column stripping-UV, Kutsuna et al., 2005)
Dielectric constant
8.4 · 8.4(6℃)
Exposure limits
100 ppm · ACGIH:TLV-STEL 100 ppm (303 mg/m3)OSHA:PEL-TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3)NIOSH:REL-TWA 100 ppm
Stability
Stable. Extremely flammable. May form explosive mixtures with air. Note low flash point and wide explosive limits. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong acids, nitrates.
Major Application
agriculturecleaning productscosmeticsenvironmentalflavors and fragrancesfood and beveragespersonal care
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions
PERFUMING
InChI
1S/C3H6O2/c1-2-5-3-4/h3H,2H2,1H3
InChIKey
WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES
CCOC=O
LogP
1.504 at · 1.504 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference
109 · 109-94-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
SCOGS (Select Committee on GRAS Substances)
Ethyl formate
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS)
ETHYL FORMATE
FDA 21 CFR
184.1295 · 184.1295
EWG's Food Scores
2 · 2
FDA UNII
0 K3E2L5553 · 0K3E2L5553
NIST Chemistry Reference
Formic acid, ethyl ester(109-94-4)
EPA Substance Registry System
Ethyl formate (109-94-4)
UNSPSC Code
85151701 · 85151701
NACRES
24 · NA.24
Symbol(GHS)
2 · GHS02,GHS07,GHS08
Signal word
Danger
Hazard statements
302 · H302+H332-H319-H360-H370-H373-H350-H335-H336-H225
Precautionary statements
501 · P501-P270-P202-P240-P260-P210-P233-P201-P243-P241-P242-P271-P264-P280-P370+P378-P337+P313-P305+P351+P338-P308+P311-P303+P361+P353-P301+P312+P330-P304+P340+P312-P403+P233-P403+P235-P405
target organs
Respiratory system
PPE
Eyeshields, Faceshields, Gloves
Hazard Codes
F,Xn
Risk Statements
11 · 11-20/22-36/37
Safety Statements
9 · 9-16-24-26-33
OEB
A
OEL
100 ppm · TWA: 100 ppm (300 mg/m3)
RIDADR
1190 · UN 1190
WGK Germany
1 · 1
RTECS
8400000 · LQ8400000
Autoignition Temperature
851 °F · 851 °F
TSCA
TSCA listed
HazardClass
3 · 3
PackingGroup
II
HS Code
29151300 · 29151300
Storage Class
3 · 3 - Flammable liquids
Hazard Classifications
4 InhalationAcute · Acute Tox. 4 InhalationAcute Tox. 4 OralEye Irrit. 2Flam. Liq. 2STOT SE 3
Hazardous Substances Data
109 · 109-94-4(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity
50 orally · LD50 orally in rats: 4.29 g/kg (Smyth)
IDLA
1 · 1,500 ppm
REACH Registrations
Active
Limited Quantities
1 L · 1.0 L (0.3 gallon) (liquid)
Excepted Quantities
Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (500g or 500ml)

DANGEROUS, WHEN EXPOSED TO HEAT, FLAME, OR OXIDIZERS.

Health Hazards · 2 items

Inhalation of vapor causes slight irritation of the eyes and rapidly increasing irritation of the nose. High concentrations cause deep narcosis within a few minutes followed by death within a few hours. Contact with liquid causes moderate irritation of eyes and mild irritation of skin. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach; may cause deep narcosis and death if not treated. (USCG, 1999)

· May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin.

Hazards Summary · 1 item

Liquid causes second degree burns after contact for a few minutes. [CHRIS] The anesthetic potency of ethyl formate is greater than ethanol, acetone, and alkanes such as pentane, but less than chlorinated hydrocarbons and ethyl ether. TLV Basis = upper respiratory tract irritant; Reported to be irritating at 321 ppm; [ACGIH] Esters may induce narcosis in animals, but workers' exposures are limited by irritating effects. See appendix in: [Dick RB, et al. Chemicals in the workplace: incorporating human neurobehavioral testing into the regulatory process. Am J Ind Med. 1998 May;33(5):439-53.] Inhalation of high concentrations causes drowsiness and unconsciousness; A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; [ICSC]

DOT ID and Guide · 2 items

1190 129

1190 129

FDA RequirementsSubstance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
Reactive GroupEsters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters
EC ClassificationSymbol: F, Xn; R: 11-20/22-36/37; S: (2)-9-16-24-26-33
UN ClassificationUN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II

Safety & protection

Fire Fighting · 2 items

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

Use powder, alcohol-resistant foam, water spray, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

First Aid Measures · 4 items

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

Accidental Release Measures · 2 items

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

First Aid · 3 items

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Ethyl formate:

General First Aid:

(General first aid procedures)

Safe StorageFireproof. Separated from strong oxidants. Cool.
Firefighting HazardsVapor is heavier than air and may travel long distance to a source of ignition and flash back.
Exposure Control and Personal Protection · 2 items

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

100.0 [ppm]

Fire Fighting ProceduresDry chemical, ... carbon dioxide.
Storage ConditionsKEEP TIGHTLY CLOSED & PREFERABLY IN CONTACT WITH CALCIUM CHLORIDE.
Cleanup Methods · 1 item

1. REMOVE ALL IGNITION SOURCES. 2. VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL OR LEAK. 3. FOR SMALL QUANTITIES, ABSORB ON PAPER TOWELS. EVAPORATE IN A SAFE PLACE (SUCH AS A FUME HOOD). ALLOW SUFFICIENT TIME FOR EVAPORATING VAPORS TO COMPLETELY CLEAR THE HOOD DUCTWORK. BURN THE PAPER IN A SUITABLE LOCATION AWAY FROM COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS. LARGE QUANTITIES CAN BE COLLECTED AND ATOMIZED IN A SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER. ETHYL FORMATE SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO ENTER A CONFINED SPACE, SUCH AS A SEWER, BECAUSE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF AN EXPLOSION.

Nonfire Spill ResponseExcerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:
Disposal Methods · 2 items

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

1. BY ABSORBING IT IN VERMICULITE, DRY SAND, EARTH OR A SIMILAR MATERIAL AND DISPOSING IN A SECURED SANITARY LANDFILL. 2. BY ATOMIZING IN A SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER.

Toxicology

Target OrgansEyes, respiratory system, central nervous system
Environmental Fate · 3 items

TERRESTRIAL FATE: If released to soil, ethyl formate would readily volatilize from the surface layers of soil as well as leach. While no data were located concerning the degradation in soil, it would be expected to readily degrade by chemical hydrolysis, especially in alkaline soil, and biodegrade. (SRC)

AQUATIC FATE: Ethyl formate has a relatively high Henry's Law constant of 3.85X10-4 atm-cu m/mol(1) and if released to water, it will be lost due to evaporation. A volatilization half-life of 4.5 hrs was predicted for ethyl formate from a model river 1 m deep, flowing at 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec(2,SRC). It would not be expected to sorb to sediment or bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms. Chemical hydrolysis will be an important fate process, especially in alkaline waters. The hydrolytic half-life is 3.1 days and 7.5 hr at pH 7 and 8, respectively(3,SRC). Based on limited data from screening tests supplemented by predictions of mathematical models and data on similar chemicals, ethyl formate should rapidly biodegrade(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: The half-life of ethyl formate in the atmosphere is estimated to be 11 days as a result of reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(1). Being fairly soluble in water, it should be readily washed out of the air by rain(SRC).

Food Survey ValuesEthyl formate was identified, but not quantified, in roasted filberts(1), beer(2), wine(6,7), Korean chamchwi(3), blue cheese(4), and apples and pears(5).
Adverse EffectsNeurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome
Exposure Routes · 2 items

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Signs and Symptoms · 5 items

Cough. Shortness of breath. Headache. Drowsiness.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Sore throat. Further see Inhalation.

irritation eyes, upper respiratory system; In Animals: narcosis

Medical Surveillance · 1 item

Employees should be screened for history of certain medical conditions which might place the employee at increased risk from ethyl formate exposure. /These include/ chronic respiratory disease ... skin disease ... liver disease ... kidney disease. ... Any employee developing the above-listed conditions should be referred for further medical examination.

Soil Adsorption/Mobility · 1 item

Using a reported water solubility of 88.25 g/L(1) for ethyl formate, an estimated Koc of 8 was calculated using a regression equation(2,SRC). A Koc of 4 was estimated from molecular structure(3). According to a suggested classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc suggests that ethyl formate will be highly mobil in soil (SRC).

Natural Pollution Sources · 2 items

/IT IS/ REPORTED IN OIL OF BORONIA DENTIGEROIDES. IT HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED IN FLORIDA ORANGE JUICE, SEVERAL VARIETIES OF HONEY, APPLES AND PEARS, & DISTILLED LIQUORS, SUCH AS RUM.

Ethyl formate occurs widely in fruit(1).

Human Toxicity Excerpts · 5 items

/IT IS/ IRRITATING TO SKIN, MUCOUS MEMBRANES, & IN HIGH CONCENTRATIONS.../A CNS DEPRESSANT/.

No irritation was noted after a 48 hr closed-patch test of 4% ethyl formate on human subjects.

Slight eye irritation in human subjects and strong persistent nasal irritation were noted on exposure to 330 ppm in the air. ... The irritating effects on the eyes and respiratory tract are probably due to rapid hydrolysis of the ester on contact with water, with the formation of alcohol and formic acid.

THERE ARE NO REPORTS OF TOXIC EFFECTS ON HUMANS EXCEPT SLIGHT IRRITATION OF THE EYES AND NOSE...10,500 PPM CAUSES MODERATE BUT PROGRESSIVE IRRITATION OF EYES AND NOSE, REMAINING 4 HR AFTER EXPOSURE.

THE ANESTHETIC POTENCY /IS/ ... LESS THAN THAT OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS & ETHYL ETHER, BUT IT /IS/ ... MORE ACTIVE ... THAN ETHANOL, ACETONE AND ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS ... .

Fish/Seafood ConcentrationsEthyl formate was found in mussels at 4.08 ppm(1).
Artificial Pollution Sources · 1 item

Ethyl formate maybe released to the environment as a result of its production, transport, disposal and use as a synthetic flavoring agent in lemonades, chewing gum, ice cream, essences (apple, pineapple, banana, and peach flavors), artificial rum and arrac; as a fungicide and larvicide for tobacco, cereals, dried fruit, and other crops(1,3) and as a solvent for cellulose nitrate and acetate, as an acetone substitute and fumigant in packaged food, and in organic synthesis(2-4).

Regulatory information

FDA RequirementsSubstance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
FIFRA Requirements · 3 items

The food additive ethyl formate may be safely used in or on specified dried fruits in accordance with the following conditions: it is used or intended for use in or on raisins and dried Zante currants as a bulk and package fumigant.

The food additive ethyl formate may be safely used in or on specified dried fruits in accordance with the following conditions: it is used in accordance with directions registered with the U.S. EPA, and so used that the total formic acid present free and combined, in the finished product shall not exceed 250 ppm.

The food additive ethyl formate may be safely used in or on specified dried fruits in accordance with the following conditions: to assure safe use of the additive, its label and labeling shall conform to that registered with the USEPA.

Safety data

OEB
A
OEL
TWA: 100 ppm (300 mg/m3)
PPE
Eyeshields, Faceshields, Gloves
wgk
1
IDLA
1,500 ppm
tsca
TSCA listed
rtecs
LQ8400000
ridadr
UN 1190
hs_code
29151300
Toxicity
LD50 orally in rats: 4.29 g/kg (Smyth)
risk_code
11-20/22-36/37
Signal word
Danger
Symbol(GHS)
GHS02,GHS07,GHS08
hazard_code
F,Xn
safety_code
9-16-24-26-33
hazard_class
3
Storage Class
3 - Flammable liquids
packing_group
II
target organs
Respiratory system
Hazard statements
H302+H332-H319-H360-H370-H373-H350-H335-H336-H225
Limited Quantities
1.0 L (0.3 gallon) (liquid)
Excepted Quantities
Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (500g or 500ml)
REACH Registrations
Active
Hazard Classifications
Acute Tox. 4 InhalationAcute Tox. 4 OralEye Irrit. 2Flam. Liq. 2STOT SE 3
Autoignition Temperature
851 °F
Precautionary statements
P501-P270-P202-P240-P260-P210-P233-P201-P243-P241-P242-P271-P264-P280-P370+P378-P337+P313-P305+P351+P338-P308+P311-P303+P361+P353-P301+P312+P330-P304+P340+P312-P403+P233-P403+P235-P405
Hazardous Substances Data
109-94-4(Hazardous Substances Data)

/IT IS/...PREPARED BY ESTERIFICATION OF ETHYL ALCOHOL AND FORMIC ACID OR BY DISTILLATION OF ETHYL ACETATE & FORMIC ACID IN PRESENCE OF CONCN SULFURIC ACID.

Produced by carbonylation of ethanol with carbon monoxide...

Formulations/Preparations · 3 items

AREGINAL.../IS/ MIXTURE OF METHYL FORMATE AND ETHYL FORMATE.

ASSAY: 95% MINIMUM.

GRADES: TECHNICAL; FCC.

Use Classification · 4 items

Fragrance Ingredients

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

General Manufacturing Information · 4 items

Formic acid, ethyl ester: ACTIVE

USE IN FOODS RESTRICTED TO 0.0015%.

NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 9.4 PPM, ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 10 PPM, ICE CREAM, ICES, ETC 21 PPM, CANDY 50 PPM, BAKED GOODS 98 PPM, GELATINS AND PUDDINGS 0.35-11 PPM, CHEWING GUM 430 PPM.

OF DIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: LIMITATIONS- SYNTHETIC FLAVOR.

Applications · 4 items

DescriptionEthyl formate is an ester formed when ethanol (an alcohol) reacts with formic acid (a carboxylic acid). It is also known as ethyl methanoate because formic acid is also known as methanoic acid. Ethyl formate has the characteristic smell of rum and is also partially responsible for the flavor of raspberries.

OccurrenceReported in the oil of Boronia dentigeroides; it has been identified in Florida orange juice, several varieties of honey, apple and pear and in distilled liquors, such as rum. Also reported found in peach, raspberry, strawberry, pineapple, cabbage, vinegar, cheeses, butter, cream, milk powder, cooked beef, beer, coffee, tea, honey, corn oil, brandy and mussels.

UsesEthyl Formate is a flavoring agent that occurs naturally in some plant oils, fruits, and juices but does not occur naturally in the ani- mal kingdom. it is used in food at a maximum level, as served, of 0.05% in baked goods; 0.04% in chewing gum, hard candy, and soft candy; 0.02% in frozen dairy desserts; 0.03% in gelatins, puddings, and fillings; and 0.01% in all other food categories.Ethyl formate is also used as a solvent for nitrocellulose; as fungicide and larvicide for tobacco, cereals, dried fruits, etc.; in organic synthesis.

General DescriptionA clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Flash point -4°F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air.

Preparation methods

PreparationEthyl Formate is an ester of formic acid and is prepared by esterification of formic acid with ethyl alcohol or by distillation of ethyl acetate and formic acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid.

Upstream & downstream products

Upstream raw materials

EthanolCalcium chlorideFormic acidAluminium chloride hexahydrate

Downstream products

Thiamine chloride4-Chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine4-Chloro-1-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester2-Amino-4-methyloxazole1-Methyl-2-imidazolecarboxaldehydeMethyl 3-amino-6-methylthiopheno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylateNinhydrin hydrate4,5,6-Triaminopyrimidine2-Chloro-6-methyl-3-pyridinecarbonitrileAmitraz metabolite hydrochloride5-Acetamidomethyl-4-Amino-2-Methyl pyrimidine6-Methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-amine5-Propyl-2-thiouracilMethyl 3-amino-4-phenylthiophene-2-carboxylate7-Aminoisoquinoline1H-1,2,3-Triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-amineTropic acid5-Bromo-4-hydroxy-2-methylpyrimidine4-Hydroxy-2-methylpyrimidine2-Amino-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester5-n-Propyluracil7-Bromoisoquinoline4-Methoxy-3-buten-2-one4-Methylpyrimidin-2-ol hydrochlorideα-Dimethoxymethyl-methoxypropionitrile(S)-(-)-α,α-Diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinemethanol4,5-Dibromothiophene-2-carboxaldehyde2-(Trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-amine4-chloro-5-fluoropyrimidineEpostane3-Cyano-6-methyl-2(1H)-pyridinoneα-(Hydroxymethyl)benzenacetic acid methyl ester1,1-Diethoxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-diene3,4-Dihydroisoquinoline4-Hydroxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine4-Chloropyridine-3-carboxaldehydeN-Methylformamide7-Nitro-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline1-(Phenylsulfonyl)-1H-indole-2-carbaldehyde2-Aminopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile

Additional notes

DefinitionChEBI: Ethyl formate is a formate ester resulting from the formal condensation of formic acid with ethanol. It has a role as a fumigant and a plant metabolite. It is a formate ester and an ethyl ester.